1
|
Martí-Rujas J, Famulari A. Polycatenanes Formed of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407626. [PMID: 38837637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Poly-[n]-catenanes (PCs) self-assembled of three-dimensional (3D) metal organic cages (MOCs) (hereafter referred to as PCs-MOCs) are a relatively new class of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) that combine the properties of MOCs and polymers. The synthesis of PCs-MOCs is challenging because of the difficulties associated with interlocking MOCs, the occurrence of multiple weak supramolecular electrostatic interactions between cages, and the importance of solvent templating effects. The high density of mechanical bonds interlocking the MOCs endows the MOCs with mechanical and physical properties such as enhanced stability, responsive dynamic behavior and low solubility, which can unlock new functional properties. In this Minireview, we highlight the benefit of interlocking MOCs in the formation of PCs-MOCs structures as well as the synthetic approaches exploited in their preparation, from thermodynamic to kinetic methods, both in the solution and solid-states. Examples of PCs-MOCs self-assembled from various types of nanosized cages (i.e., tetrahedral, trigonal prismatic, octahedral and icosahedral) are described in this article, providing an overview of the research carried out in this area. The focus is on the structure-property relationship with examples of functional applications such as electron conductivity, X-ray attenuation, gas adsorption and molecular sensing. We believe that the structural and functional aspects of the reviewed PCs-MOCs will attract chemists in this research field with great potential as new functional materials in nanotechnological disciplines such as gas adsorption, sensing and photophysical properties such as X-ray attenuation or electron conductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martí-Rujas
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy)
| | - Antonino Famulari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy)
- INSTM Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, 50121, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xia ZJ, Zhong YM, Hu SJ, Cai LX, Sun QF. Dynamic Interconversion and Induced-Fit Guest Binding with Two Macrocycle-Based Coordination Cages. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:8293-8299. [PMID: 37184566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the syntheses and host-guest chemistry of two interconvertible coordination cages, Pd2L2 and Pd1L1, from a dynamic macrocycle ligand (L) and a cis-blocking (tmen)Pd(NO3)2 (tmen = tetramethylethylenediamine) unit (Pd). The water-soluble macrocyclic L, which can bind various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) guests in its cis-conformation, was constructed via four pyridinium bonds between two 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine [TPT] panels and two p-xylene bridges. We selectively formed each cage either by changing the reaction concentration/solvent/temperature or through induced-fit guest encapsulation, while direct assembly of L and Pd resulted in a mixture of Pd2L2 and Pd1L1 in equilibrium. X-ray structures of the free ligand and the host-guest complexes confirmed the induce-fit adaptive changes in the ligand's conformation and the cage's cavity. This work demonstrates a useful strategy for designing multistimuli-responsive supramolecular hosts by coordination self-assembly with macrocyclic ligands featuring rich conformational freedom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Mei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo F, Li DF, Gao F, Xu K, Zhang J, Yi XG, Li DP, Li YX. Highly Stable Europium(III) Tetrahedral (Eu 4L 4)(phen) 4 Cage: Structure, Luminescence Properties, and Cellular Imaging. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17089-17100. [PMID: 36240513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent lanthanide cages have many potential applications in guest recognition, sensing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bioimaging. However, these polynuclear lanthanide assemblies' poor stability, dispersity, and luminescence properties have significantly constrained their practical applications. Furthermore, it is still a huge challenge to simultaneously synthesize and design lanthanide organic polyhedra with high stability and quantum yield. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and robust strategy to improve the rigidity, chemical stability, and luminescence of an Eu(III) tetrahedral cage by introducing the conjugated planar auxiliary phen ligand. The self-assembled tetrahedral cage, (Eu4L4)(phen)4 [L = (4,4',4″-tris(4,4,4-trifluoro-1,3-dioxobutyl)-triphenylamine), phen = 1,10-phenanthroline], exhibited characteristic luminescence of Eu3+ ions with high quantum yield (41%) and long lifetime (131 μs) in toluene (1.0 × 10-6 M). Moreover, the Eu(III) cage was stable in water and even in an aqueous solution with a pH range of 1-14. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cellular imaging revealed that the Pluronic F127-coated hybrid material, (Eu4L4)(phen)4@F127, exhibited low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and cellular imaging ability, which may inspire more insights into the development of lanthanide organic polyhedra (LOPs) for potential biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang330031, China
| | - Duo-Fu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang330031, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang330031, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Xiu-Guang Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Jian343009, China
| | - Dong-Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang330031, China
| | - Yong-Xiu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang330031, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A contemporary report on explications of flexible metal-organic frameworks with regards to structural simulation, dynamics and material applications. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
McTernan CT, Davies JA, Nitschke JR. Beyond Platonic: How to Build Metal-Organic Polyhedra Capable of Binding Low-Symmetry, Information-Rich Molecular Cargoes. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10393-10437. [PMID: 35436092 PMCID: PMC9185692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
field of metallosupramolecular chemistry has advanced rapidly
in recent years. Much work in this area has focused on the formation
of hollow self-assembled metal-organic architectures and exploration
of the applications of their confined nanospaces. These discrete,
soluble structures incorporate metal ions as ‘glue’
to link organic ligands together into polyhedra.Most of the architectures
employed thus far have been highly symmetrical, as these have been
the easiest to prepare. Such high-symmetry structures contain pseudospherical
cavities, and so typically bind roughly spherical guests. Biomolecules
and high-value synthetic compounds are rarely isotropic, highly-symmetrical
species. To bind, sense, separate, and transform such substrates,
new, lower-symmetry, metal-organic cages are needed. Herein we summarize
recent approaches, which taken together form the first draft of a
handbook for the design of higher-complexity, lower-symmetry, self-assembled
metal-organic architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlie T McTernan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jack A Davies
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Wang Z, Cheng P, Zaworotko MJ, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Post-synthetic modifications of metal–organic cages. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:339-356. [PMID: 37117929 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are discrete, supramolecular entities that consist of metal nodes and organic linkers, which can offer solution processability and high porosity. Thereby, their predesigned structures can undergo post-synthetic modifications (PSMs) to introduce new functional groups and properties by modifying the linker, metal node, pore or surface environment. This Review explores current PSM strategies used for MOCs, including covalent, coordination and noncovalent methods. The effects of newly introduced functional groups or generated complexes upon the PSMs of MOCs are also detailed, such as improving structural stability or endowing desired functionalities. The development of the aforementioned design principles has enabled systematic approaches for the development and characterization of families of MOCs and, thereby, provides insight into structure-function relationships that will guide future developments.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tian J, Liu L, Zhou K, Hong Z, Chen Q, Jiang F, Yuan D, Sun Q, Hong M. Metal-organic tube or layered assembly: reversible sheet-to-tube transformation and adaptive recognition. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9818-9826. [PMID: 34094242 PMCID: PMC8162108 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01176b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational preparation of an adaptive cavity-like enzyme is a great challenge for chemists. Herein, a new self-assembly strategy for the rational preparation of metal-organic tubes with nano-channels has been developed; both 1D metal-organic tube and corresponding 2D layered assemblies can be selectively synthesized driven by different templates; reversible sheet-to-tube transformation can be realized and the key intermediate has been identified. Furthermore, the newly formed nano-channel displays excellent polarity-selectivity for encapsulation of guest molecules, and can be further expanded or contracted through guest-driven adaptive deformation; even induced by very similar guest molecules, the adaptive deformations can also be obviously distinguished. Finally, the key chemicals benzene/hexane with a similar size can also be effectively separated by such nano-channels in the liquid phase. Our work not only provides a new synthetic strategy for the rational synthesis of metal-organic tubes with a reversible sheet-to-tube transformation character, but also gives a potential method for the construction of adaptive host-like enzymes and an in-depth understanding of the nature of adaptive host and guest molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Luyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Kang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Zixiao Hong
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China
| | - Qihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Qingfu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El-Sayed ESM, Yuan D. Metal-Organic Cages (MOCs): From Discrete to Cage-based Extended Architectures. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M. El-Sayed
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Chemical Refining Laboratory, Refining Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xue H, Cao J, Zhao L, Hao H, Hong M. Conformation-Driven Self-Assembly: From a 1D Metal-Organic Polymer to an Infinite Double Nanotube. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10755-10760. [PMID: 31460173 PMCID: PMC6648636 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel conformation-driven self-assembly system from a one-dimensional polymer to a metal-organic double nanotube has been developed. DFT calculations indicate that the double nanotube with a syn-conformation of ligands is a thermodynamically favored stable product than a one-dimensional polymer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the infinite metal-organic double nanotube. In addition, a discrete M6L8-type cage has also been in situ self-assembled from rationally selected building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Junze Cao
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Haigang Hao
- Inner
Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State
Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Komine S, Takahashi S, Kojima T, Sato H, Hiraoka S. Self-Assembly Processes of Octahedron-Shaped Pd6L4 Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3178-3186. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Komine
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Truccolo G, Tessari Z, Tessarolo J, Quici S, Armelao L, Rancan M. A Cu(ii) metallocycle for the reversible self-assembly of coordination-driven polyrotaxane-like architectures. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12079-12084. [PMID: 30019732 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and synthesis of a Cu(ii) metallocycle (1) and use the possibility to expand the Cu(ii) coordination sphere to self-assemble mechanically interlocked species via interpenetration. Metallocycle 1 can be used as a platform to reversibly assemble a 1D + 1D → 1D coordination-driven polyrotaxane (3), where 1 acts as the hosting ring as well as the stopper, and 4,4'-bipyridine is the guest-axle. A coordinating solvent can substitute the 4,4'-bipyridine axle to disassemble the polyrotaxane (3 → 2) that is easily restored by further adding 4,4'-bipyridine (2 → 3). Other polyrotaxanes can be isolated by reacting 1 with pyridine (4) and phenylpyridine (5). Interconversion among the presented species is demonstrated and ensured by the open position of each copper center in platform 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Truccolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hou H, Zhou K, Jiang F, Chen Q, Hong M. Controllable Coordination Self‐Assembly Based on Flexibility of Ligands: Synthesis of Supramolecular Assemblies and Stimuli‐Driven Structural Transformations. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Kang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - QiHui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nishiura M, Kojima T, Igashira-Kamiyama A, Konno T. Ring-to-Cage Structural Conversion via Template Effect in a Gold(I) Metallosupramolecular System. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1906-1910. [PMID: 29806909 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A unique example of a ring-to-cage structural conversion in a multinuclear gold(I) coordination system with d-penicillamine (d-H2 pen) is reported. The reaction of [Au2 Cl2 (dppe)] (dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) with d-H2 pen in a 1:1 ratio gave [Au4 (dppe)2 (d-pen)2 ] ([1]), in which two [Au2 (dppe)]2+ units are linked by two d-pen S atoms in a cyclic form so as to have two bidentate-N,O coordination arms. The subsequent reaction of [1] with Cu(OTf)2 afforded [Au4 Cu(dppe)2 (d-pen)2 ]2+ ([2]2+ ), in which a CuII ion is chelated by the two coordination arms in [1] to form an AuI4 CuII bicyclic metallocage. A similar reaction using Cu(NO3 )2 was accompanied by the ring expansion of [1] to [Au8 (dppe)4 (d-pen)4 ], leading to the production of [Au8 Cu2 (dppe)4 (d-pen)4 ]4+ ([3]4+ ). In [3]4+ , two CuII ions are each chelated by the two coordination arms to form an AuI8 CuII2 tricyclic metallocage, accommodating a nitrate ion. The use of Ni(NO3 )2 or Ni(OAc)2 instead of Cu(NO3 )2 commonly gave a tricyclic metallocage of [Au8 Ni2 (dppe)4 (d-pen)4 ]4+ ([4]4+ ), but a water molecule was accommodated inside the AuI8 NiII2 metallocage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misa Nishiura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | | | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Percástegui EG, Reyes-Mata C, Flores-Alamo M, Quiroz-García B, Rivera E, Castillo I. Transformations in Chemically Responsive Copper-Calixarene Architectures. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:520-527. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo G. Percástegui
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM; Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Carlos Reyes-Mata
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM; Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México
| | - Marcos Flores-Alamo
- Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM; Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México
| | - Beatriz Quiroz-García
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM; Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM; Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México
| | - Ivan Castillo
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM; Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun L, Guo RY, Yang XD, Ma S, Zhang J. Vapour-driven crystal-to-crystal transformation showing an interlocking switch of the coordination polymer chains between 1D and 3D. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A rare crystal-to-crystal transformation occurs between 1D coordination polymer chains and 3D mechanically interlocked structures via reversible opening and closing of the homogeneous chains without any change in the coordination mode and composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 102488
| | - Rui-Yun Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 102488
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 102488
| | - Shuai Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 102488
| | - Jie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 102488
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He X, Xue Y, Li CC, Wang Y, Jiang H, Zhao L. Synthesis of stable polymetalated aromatic complexes through metal-macrocycle capsule-triggered cyclization. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1481-1487. [PMID: 29719680 PMCID: PMC5900432 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymetalated aromatic compounds are of great interest because of their intermediate roles in many organic transformations. However, they are elusive and synthetically challenging. In this study, a dynamic coordination capsule constructed by a flexible macrocycle and silver(i) ions is applied to trigger one-step or cascade cyclization reactions for various alkyne substrates, finally leading to five unprecedented polysilver heteroaromatic intermediates (including indole, quinoline, benzocarbazole and 2,2'-biindole). The acquired heteroaromatic species is doubly charged, particularly at vicinal positions, and each is surrounded by a tetrasilver aggregate. The metal-macrocycle capsule holds a great potential of flexibly adjusting its conformation to adapt different polysilver heteroaromatic species. DFT calculations further reveal that metal-perturbed aromaticity and multi-centered bonding both contribute to stabilization of the polysilver heteroaromatic complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Yang Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Cui-Cui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Yuechao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Liang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li XZ, Zhou LP, Yan LL, Yuan DQ, Lin CS, Sun QF. Evolution of Luminescent Supramolecular Lanthanide M2nL3n Complexes from Helicates and Tetrahedra to Cubes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8237-8244. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhen Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Liang Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Qiang Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Sheng Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jansze SM, Wise MD, Vologzhanina AV, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Pd II2L 4-type coordination cages up to three nanometers in size. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1901-1908. [PMID: 28567267 PMCID: PMC5444114 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of large ligands in coordination-based self-assembly represents an attractive strategy for the construction of supramolecular assemblies more than two nanometers in size. However, the implementation of this strategy is hampered by the fact that the preparation of such ligands often requires substantial synthetic effort. Herein, we describe a simple one-step protocol, which allows large bipyridyl ligands with a bent shape to be synthesized from easily accessible and/or commercially available starting materials. The ligands were used to construct PdII2L4-type coordination cages of unprecedented size. Furthermore, we provide evidence that these cages may be stabilized by close intramolecular packing of lipophilic ligand side chains. Packing effects of this kind are frequently encountered in protein assemblies, but they are seldom used as a design element in metallasupramolecular chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Jansze
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Matthew D Wise
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Anna V Vologzhanina
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 119991 Moscow , Russia
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jana A, Bhowmick S, Kaur S, Kashyap HK, Das N. Design of a flexible organometallic tecton: host–guest chemistry with picric acid and self-assembly of platinum macrocycles. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1986-1995. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03498e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new “flexible” and ditopic Pt(ii) organometallic compound is a tecton for the self-assembly of neutral metallacycles. It also exhibits significant binding affinity for picric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna 801103
- India
| | - Sourav Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna 801103
- India
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna 801103
- India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu L, Lyu G, Liu C, Jiang F, Yuan D, Sun Q, Zhou K, Chen Q, Hong M. Controllable Reassembly of a Dynamic Metallocage: From Thermodynamic Control to Kinetic Control. Chemistry 2016; 23:456-461. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Guangxun Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Caiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 (China)
| | - Qingfu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 (China)
| | - Kang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Qihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 (China)
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 (China)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mosquera J, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Subcomponent Flexibility Enables Conversion between D4-Symmetric CdII8L8 and T-Symmetric CdII4L4 Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1812-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang G, Tang B, Liu Y, Gao Q, Wang Z, Zhang X. The fabrication of a supra-amphiphile for dissipative self-assembly. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1151-1155. [PMID: 29910871 PMCID: PMC5975747 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03907j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissipative self-assembly is a challenging but attractive field of supramolecular science, because it generally concerns complex systems but is more close to the self-assembly of living bodies. In this article, we realized dissipative self-assembly by coupling a supra-amphiphile with a chemical oscillator. The supra-amphiphile was fabricated with iodine and a double hydrophilic block copolymer containing PEG segments, as the non-covalent interaction between PEG and iodine could turn PEG hydrophobic, leading to the formation of the supra-amphiphile. The self-assembly and disassembly of the supra-amphiphile could be controlled by varying the concentration of iodine. Therefore, the dissipative self-assembly of the supra-amphiphile was realized when it was coupled with the IO3--NH3OH+-OH- chemical oscillator, which was able to produce iodine periodically. Meanwhile, the kinetic data of the self-assembly and disassembly of the supra-amphiphile could be estimated by the theoretical simulation of the chemical oscillations. This line of research promotes the self-assembly of supra-amphiphiles one step forward from thermodynamic statics to a dissipative system, and also suggests a new strategy to investigate the kinetics of stimuli-responsive molecular self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangtong Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Haidian District , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Bohan Tang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Haidian District , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , China University of Mining & Technology , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221116 , China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , China University of Mining & Technology , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221116 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Haidian District , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Haidian District , Beijing 100084 , China .
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Halder S, Layek A, Ghosh K, Rizzoli C, Ray PP, Roy P. A Cd(ii) based metal organic framework: a photosensitive current conductor. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16149-55. [PMID: 26293698 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel cadmium(ii) based metal organic framework, [Cd(3-bpd)(SCN)2]n () where 3-bpd = 1,4-bis(3-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, various spectroscopic techniques, TGA and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray analysis shows the formation of an undulated polymeric two-dimensional network parallel to the (0 -1 1) plane. Current conduction properties of have been explored in the dark and in the presence of light. The study shows that current conduction of the complex increases with the increase of the incident light intensity. On progression of intensity of glancing radiation the photosensitivity of has been increased. The time dependent light response on charge carrier conduction reveals that complex may uncover new ground to explore in optoelectronic switching applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibashis Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xue H, Jiang F, Chen Q, Yuan D, Pang J, Lv G, Wan X, Liang L, Hong M. Conformation driven in situ interlock: from discrete metallocycles to infinite polycatenanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13706-9. [PMID: 26235240 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel conformation driven self-assembly system, where four metallocycles with different conformations have been in situ self-assembled, has been reported. Interestingly, only square metallocycles can further interlock into polycatenanes. However, rectangular and rhombus metallocycles fail to overcome such an entropically unfavourable process, which constitutes an obstacle to the formation of polycatenanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen Q, Chen L, Jiang F, Hong M. Controllable Coordination Self-Assembly Based on Flexible Tripodal Ligands: From Finite Metallocages to Infinite Polycatenanes Step by Step. CHEM REC 2015; 15:711-27. [PMID: 26147708 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the developments in coordination self-assembly based on flexible tripodal ligands with different metal species. Various finite metallocages such as M3 L2 , M6 L8 , M6 L4 , M4 L4 and different catenanes based on discrete metallocages constructed from flexible tripodal ligands with suitable metal species are presented here. Many M3 L2 metallocages based on ligands L(1) -L(12) and different two-coordinated metal species have been prepared, in which various Ag(I) salts and other metal species that have been protected by suitable groups, such as Zn(OAc)2 , ZnBr2 , and PdBr2 , have been used as effective acceptors. All of the M6 L8 -type metallocages are constructed from ligands L(2) or L(12) -L(20) and different four-coordinated metal species, such as various palladium(II) salts or NiCl2 , and have similar topological structures. Only a few discrete M6 L4 -type metallocages, based on ligands L(21) -L(24) , have been reported, using different strategies such as protecting groups and steric hindrance. All of the M4 L4 -type cages have similar topological structures and are constructed from ligands L(25) -L(29) with multiple donor sites. More intriguing interlocking ensembles constructed from discrete metallocages are also described here in detail, namely, three [2]catenanes based on ligands L(30) -L(32) and four polycatenanes based on ligands L(33) -L(34) .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gil-Ramírez G, Leigh DA, Stephens AJ. Catenanes: fifty years of molecular links. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6110-50. [PMID: 25951013 PMCID: PMC4515087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Half a century after Schill and Lüttringhaus carried out the first directed synthesis of a [2]catenane, a plethora of strategies now exist for the construction of molecular Hopf links (singly interlocked rings), the simplest type of catenane. The precision and effectiveness with which suitable templates and/or noncovalent interactions can arrange building blocks has also enabled the synthesis of intricate and often beautiful higher order interlocked systems, including Solomon links, Borromean rings, and a Star of David catenane. This Review outlines the diverse strategies that exist for synthesizing catenanes in the 21st century and examines their emerging applications and the challenges that still exist for the synthesis of more complex topologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Gil-Ramírez
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK) http://www.catenane.net
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK) http://www.catenane.net.
| | - Alexander J Stephens
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK) http://www.catenane.net
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gil-Ramírez G, Leigh DA, Stephens AJ. Catenane: fünfzig Jahre molekulare Verschlingungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
28
|
McConnell AJ, Wood CS, Neelakandan PP, Nitschke JR. Stimuli-Responsive Metal–Ligand Assemblies. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7729-93. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash P. Neelakandan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cook TR, Stang PJ. Recent Developments in the Preparation and Chemistry of Metallacycles and Metallacages via Coordination. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7001-45. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1299] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Cook
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 359 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Berrocal JA, Pitet LM, Nieuwenhuizen MML, Mandolini L, Meijer EW, Di Stefano S. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a Diolefinic [2]-Catenane–Copper(I) Complex: An Easy Route to Polycatenanes. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502392v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Berrocal
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza
Università di
Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione
Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Louis M. Pitet
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marko M. L. Nieuwenhuizen
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza
Università di
Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione
Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza
Università di
Roma and Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione
Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cullen W, Hunter CA, Ward MD. An interconverting family of coordination cages and a meso-helicate; effects of temperature, concentration, and solvent on the product distribution of a self-assembly process. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2626-37. [PMID: 25700155 DOI: 10.1021/ic502780b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly between a water-soluble bis-bidentate ligand L(18w) and Co(II) salts in water affords three high-spin Co(II) products: a dinuclear meso-helicate [Co2(L(18w))3]X4; a tetrahedral cage [Co4(L(18w))6]X8; and a dodecanuclear truncated-tetrahedral cage [Co12(L(18w))18]X24 (X = BF4 or ClO4). All three products were crystallized under different conditions and structurally characterized. In [Co2(L(18w))3]X4 all three bridging ligands span a pair of metal ions; in the two larger products, there is a metal ion at each vertex of the Co4 or Co12 polyhedral cage array with a bridging ligand spanning a pair of metal ions along every edge. All three structural types are known: what is unusual here is the presence of all three from the same reaction. The assemblies Co2, Co4, and Co12 are in slow equilibrium (hours/days) in aqueous solution, and this can be conveniently monitored by (1)H NMR spectroscopy because (i) the paramagnetism of Co(II) disperses the signals over a range of ca. 200 ppm and (ii) the different symmetries of the three species give characteristically different numbers of independent (1)H NMR signals, which makes identification easy. From temperature- and concentration-dependent (1)H NMR studies it is clear that increasing temperature and increasing dilution favors fragmentation to give a larger proportion of the smaller assemblies for entropic reasons. High concentrations and low temperature favor the larger assembly despite the unfavorable entropic and electrostatic factors associated with its formation. We suggest that this arises from the hydrophobic effect: reorganization of several smaller complexes into one larger one results in a smaller proportion of the hydrophobic ligand surface being exposed to water, with a larger proportion of the ligand surface protected in the interior of the assembly. In agreement with this, (1)H NMR spectra in a nonaqueous solvent (MeNO2) show formation of only [Co2(L(18w))3]X4 because the driving force for reorganization into larger assemblies is now absent. Thus, we can identify the contributions of temperature, concentration, and solvent on the result of the metal/ligand self-assembly process and have determined the speciation behavior of the Co2/Co4/Co12 system in aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Cullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen L, Chen Q, Wu M, Jiang F, Hong M. Controllable coordination-driven self-assembly: from discrete metallocages to infinite cage-based frameworks. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:201-10. [PMID: 25517043 DOI: 10.1021/ar5003076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Nanosized supramolecular metallocages have a unique self-assembly process that allows chemists to both understand and control it. In addition, well-defined cavities of such supramolecular aggregates have various attractive applications including storage, separation, catalysis, recognition, drug delivery, and many others. Coordination-driven self-assembly of nanosized supramolecular metallocages is a powerful methodology to construct supramolecular metallocages with considerable size and desirable shapes. In this Account, we summarize our recent research on controllable coordination-driven assembly of supramolecular metallocages and infinite cage-based frameworks. To this end, we have chosen flexible ligands that can adopt various conformations and metal ions with suitable coordination sites for the rational design and assembly of metal-organic supramolecular ensembles. This has resulted in various types of metallocages including M3L2, M6L8, M6L4, and M12L8 with different sizes and shapes. Because the kinds of metal geometries are limited, we have found that we can replace single metal ions with metal clusters to alternatively increase molecular diversity and complexity. There are two clear-cut merits of this strategy. First, metal clusters are much bigger than single metal ions, which helps in the construction and stabilization of large metallocages, especially nanosized cages. Second, metal clusters can generate diverse assembly modes that chemists could not synthesize with single metal ions. This allows us to obtain a series of unprecedented supramolecular metallocages. The large cavities and potential unsaturated coordination sites of these discrete supramolecular cages offer opportunities to construct infinite cage-based frameworks. This in turn can offer us a new avenue to understand self-assembly and realize certain various functionalities. We introduce two types of infinite cage-based frameworks here: cage-based coordination polymers and cage-based polycatenanes, which we can construct through coordination bonds and mechanical bonds, respectively. Through either directly linking the unsaturated coordination sites of metallocages or replacing the labile terminal ligands with bridging ligands, we can produce infinite cage-based frameworks based on coordination bonds. We introduce several interesting cage-based coordination polymers, including a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from a M6L8 cage to an infinite cage-based chain. Compared with discrete metallocages, these kinds of materials can give us higher structural stability and complexity, favoring the applications of metallocages. In addition, we discuss how we can use mechanical bonds, such as interlocking and interpenetrating, to construct extended cage-based frameworks. So far, study in this field has focused on polycatenanes constructed from M6L4 and M12L8 cages, as well as a controllable and dynamic self-assembly based on M6L4 metallocages. We also discuss cage-based polycatenanes, which can give dynamic properties to discrete metallocages. We hope that our investigations will bring new insights to the world of the supramolecular metallocages by enlarging its breadth and encourage us to devote more effort to this blossoming field in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Structure
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qihui Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Structure
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Mingyan Wu
- State Key
Laboratory of Structure
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- State Key
Laboratory of Structure
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key
Laboratory of Structure
Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nagarajaprakash R, Govindarajan R, Manimaran B. One-pot synthesis of oxamidato-bridged hexarhenium trigonal prisms adorned with ester functionality. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:11732-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of hexarhenium trigonal prisms using fac-Re(CO)3 cores (pink), bischelating oxamide ligands (green) and ester-containing tritopic linkers (blue) has been accomplished via an orthogonal bonding approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Govindarajan
- Department of Chemistry
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry
- India
| | - Bala. Manimaran
- Department of Chemistry
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry
- India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lyu G, Chen Q, Jiang F, Zhou K, Su K, Chen L, Yuan D, Hong M. A Novel Self-Penetrated Framework with New Topology Based on Rigid Ligands. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
35
|
Lin ZJ, Lü J, Hong M, Cao R. Metal–organic frameworks based on flexible ligands (FL-MOFs): structures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:5867-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60483g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 660] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the recent developments on FL-MOFs, including their structures and applications in gas adsorption, catalysis and proton conduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Jin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xu B, Sun YQ, Li J, Li CC. Structural and functional studies on coordination polymers based on 5-tert-butylisophthalic acid and N,N′-bis-(4-pyridylmethyl) piperazine. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|