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Hu J, Pei J, Tang W, Fan C. Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of a Novel Pt(IV)(C∧N∧C)(Cl) 2(DMSO) Complex Cyclometalated by Tridentate Diphenylpyridine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:357-364. [PMID: 38252030 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A novel tridentate-cyclometalating Pt(IV) complex, namely, Pt(IV)(C∧N∧C)(Cl)2(DMSO), is initially synthesized through a series of reactions using Pt(II) complexes. The optoelectronic properties of Pt(IV)(C∧N∧C)(Cl)2(DMSO) are fully studied by adequate characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Hu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Jingfang Pei
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Wu Tang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Cong Fan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
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2
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Gopakumar K, Samantaray V, Prusty MK, Swain L, Ramanan R. Internal charge-transfer in a metal-catalyzed oxidative addition reaction turns an inhibitive electric field stimulus to catalytic. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13054-13057. [PMID: 37846773 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In a metal-catalyzed oxidative addition, an oriented external electric field (EEF) catalyzes the reaction along one direction and inhibits it when applied in the opposite direction. Beyond a threshold value, the inhibitory direction becomes catalyzing by swapping the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) to ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) or vice versa. The change in direction of the charge-transfer mechanism triggers the inversion of the dipole moment along the reaction axis, that results in the resurgence of catalysis. The charge-transfer mechanism in metal-catalyzed oxidative addition is tunable by EEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Gopakumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Vivekananda Samantaray
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Mithun Kumar Prusty
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Lopita Swain
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Rajeev Ramanan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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3
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Greenberg M, Tulloch KM, Reynoso ME, Knapp JL, Sayem FH, Bartkus DD, Lum RH, LaFratta CN, Tanski JM, Anderson CM. Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Platinum Compounds with Thiophene-Derived Cyclohexyl Diimine Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38587-38596. [PMID: 37867690 PMCID: PMC10586441 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Platinum(II) and platinum(IV) compounds were prepared by the stereoselective and regioselective reactions of thiophene-derived cyclohexyl diimine C^N^N-ligands with [Pt2Me4(μ-SMe2)2]. Newly synthesized ligands were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and Pt(II)/Pt(IV) compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. UV-vis absorbance and photoluminescence measurements were performed on newly synthesized complexes, as well as structurally related Pt(II)/Pt(IV) compounds with benzene-derived cyclohexyl diimine ligands, in dichloromethane solution, as solids, and as 5% by weight PMMA-doped films. DFT and TD-DFT calculations were performed, and the results were compared with the observed spectroscopic properties of the newly synthesized complexes. X-ray total scattering measurements and real space pair distribution function analysis were performed on the synthesized complexes to examine the local- and intermediate-range atomic structures of the emissive solid states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
W. Greenberg
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road,Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Kris M. Tulloch
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road,Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Michelle E. Reynoso
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road,Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Juliette L. Knapp
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road,Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Farman H. Sayem
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road,Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Daphne D. Bartkus
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road,Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Ryan H. Lum
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road,Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Christopher N. LaFratta
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road,Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Joseph M. Tanski
- Department
of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, United States
| | - Craig M. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road,Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
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4
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Gómez de Segura D, Giménez N, Rincón-Montón D, Moreno MT, Pichel JG, López IP, Lalinde E. A new family of luminescent [Pt(pbt) 2(C 6F 5)L] n+ ( n = 1, 0) complexes: synthesis, optical and cytotoxic studies. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12390-12403. [PMID: 37594064 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Given the widely recognized bioactivity of 2-arylbenzothiazoles against tumor cells, we have designed a new family of luminescent heteroleptic pentafluorophenyl-bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolyl) PtIV derivatives, fac-[Pt(pbt)2(C6F5)L]n+ (n = 1, 0) [L = 4-Mepy 1, 4-pyridylbenzothiazole (pybt) 2, 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy) 3, 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) 4 (E/Z ratio: 90/10), 1,4-bis-(pyridyl)butadiyne (bpyb) 5, trifluoroacetate (-OCOCF3) 6] and a dinuclear complex [{Pt(pbt)2(C6F5)}2(μ-bpyb)](PF6)27, in which the trans ligand to the metalated C-(pbt) was varied to modify the optical properties and lipophilicity. Their photophysical properties were systematically studied through experimental and theoretical investigations, which were strongly dependent on the identity of the N-bonded ligand. Thus, complexes 1, 3 and 6 display, in different media, emission from the triplet excited states of primarily intraligand 3ILCT nature localized on the pbt ligand, while the emissions of 2, 5 and 7 were ascribed to a mixture of close 3IL'(N donor)/3ILCT(pbt) excited states, as supported by lifetime measurements and theoretical calculations. Irradiation of the initial E/Z mixture of 4 (15 min) led to a steady state composed of roughly 1 : 1.15 (E : Z) and this complex was not emissive at room temperature due to an enhanced intramolecular E to Z isomerization process of the 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethylene ligand. Complexes 1-3 and 6 showed excellent quantum yields for the generation of singlet oxygen in aerated MeCN solution with the values of ϕ(1O2) ranging from 0.66 to 0.86 using phenalenone as a reference. Cationic complexes 1-3 exhibited remarkable efficacy in the nanomolar range against A549 (lung carcinoma) and HeLa (cervix carcinoma) cell lines with notable selectivity relative to the non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B (bronchial epithelium) cells. In the A549 cell line, the neutral complex 6 showed low cytotoxicity (IC50: 29.40 μM) and high photocytotoxicity (IC50: 5.75) when cells were irradiated with blue light for 15 min. These complexes do not show evidence of DNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez de Segura
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - David Rincón-Montón
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - José G Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Icíar P López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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López-López JC, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Photoinduced Reductive C-C and C-Heteroatom Couplings from Bis-cyclometalated Pt(IV) Alkynyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14411-14421. [PMID: 37616569 PMCID: PMC10481375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical dicarboxylato complexes [Pt(tpy)2(O2CR)2] [tpy = cyclometalated 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine, R = Me, CF3] react with the terminal alkynes 4-methoxyphenylacetylene, phenylacetylene, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetylene or 3,5-difluorophenylacetylene in the presence of a base to produce complexes mer-[Pt(tpy)2(O2CR)(CCAr)], in which the metalated carbon atoms are in a meridional arrangement. Irradiation of the trifluoroacetato derivatives with a 365 nm LED source leads to isomerization to the facial complexes, which can be converted to chlorido derivatives upon reaction with NH4Cl. In contrast, irradiation of the acetato derivatives leads to four different processes, namely, reduction to cis-[Pt(tpy)2], annulations involving one of the tpy ligands and the Cα and Cβ atoms of the alkynyl to give benzoquinolizinium derivatives, isomerization to the facial geometry, or C-O couplings between the acetato ligand and one tpy. The first two processes are favored by the presence of electron-donating groups on the alkynyl, whereas electron-withdrawing groups favor the last two. Irradiation of complexes fac-[Pt(tpy)2(O2CCF3)(CCAr)] with a medium-pressure Hg UV lamp leads to a reductive C-C coupling involving the alkynyl Cα atom and one of the tpy ligands to give pyridoisoindolium derivatives, except for the methoxyphenylacetylide derivative, which is photostable. On the basis of TDDFT calculations, the photoreactivity of the mer complexes is attributed to 3LLCT [π(alkynyl) → π*(tpy)] excited states for annulations or 3LMCT [π(alkynyl) → dσ*] excited states for the rest of the processes, which are accessible through thermal population from 3LC(tpy) states. The C-C couplings from the fac complexes are attributed to photoreactive pentacoordinate intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-López
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Área
Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 21, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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6
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Dikova YM, Yufit DS, Williams JAG. Platinum(IV) Complexes with Tridentate, NNC-Coordinating Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1306-1322. [PMID: 36644812 PMCID: PMC9890496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Platinum(II) complexes of NNC-cyclometalating ligands based on 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine (HL1) have been widely investigated for their luminescence properties. We describe how PtL1Cl and five analogues with differently substituted aryl rings, PtL2-6Cl, can be oxidized with chlorine and/or iodobenzene dichloride to generate Pt(IV) compounds of the form Pt(NNC-Ln)Cl3 (n = 1-6). The molecular structures of several of them have been determined by X-ray diffraction. These PtLnCl3 compounds react with 2-arylpyridines to give a new class of Pt(IV) complex of the form [Pt(NNC)(NC)Cl]+. Elevated temperatures are required, and the reaction is accompanied by competitive reduction processes and generation of side-products; however, four examples of such complexes have been isolated and their molecular structures determined. Reaction of PtL1Cl3 with HL1 similarly generates [Pt(NNC-L1)2]2+, which we believe to be the first example of a bis-tridentate Pt(IV) complex. The lowest-energy bands in the UV-vis absorption spectra of all the PtLnCl3 compounds are displaced to higher energy relative to the Pt(II) precursors, but they red-shift with the electron richness of the aryl ring, consistent with predominantly 1[πAr → π*NN] character to the pertinent excited state. A similar trend is observed for the [Pt(NNC)(NC)Cl]+ complexes. They display phosphorescence in solution at room temperature, centered around 500 nm for [PtL1(ppy)Cl]+ and [Pt(L1)2]2+, and 550 nm for methoxy-substituted derivatives. The lifetimes are in the microsecond range, rising to hundreds of microseconds at 77 K, consistent with triplet excited states of primarily 3[πAr → π*NN] character with relatively little participation of the metal.
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7
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Vivancos Á, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Phosphorescent Tris-cyclometalated Pt(IV) Complexes with Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene and 2-Arylpyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12033-12042. [PMID: 35860839 PMCID: PMC9377419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, photophysical properties, and electrochemistry of the first series of Pt(IV) tris-chelates bearing cyclometalated aryl-NHC ligands are reported. The complexes have the general formula [Pt(trz)2(C∧N)]+, combining two units of the cyclometalated, mesoionic aryl-NHC ligand 4-butyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (trz) with a cyclometalated 2-arylpyridine [C∧N = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy), 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine (tpy), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy), 2-(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)pyridine (flpy)], and presenting a mer arrangement or metalated aryls. They exhibit a significant photostability under UV irradiation and long-lived phosphorescence in the blue to yellow color range, arising from 3LC excited states involving the C∧N ligands, with quantum yields of up to 0.34 in fluid solution and 0.77 in the rigid matrix at 298 K. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations reveal that nonemissive, deactivating excited states of ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) character are pushed to high energies as a consequence of the strong σ-donating ability of the carbenic moieties, making the Pt(trz)2 subunit an essential structural component that enables efficient emissions from the chromophoric C∧N ligands, with potential application for the development of different Pt(IV) emitters with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 21, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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López-López JC, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Phosphorescent biaryl platinum(IV) complexes obtained through double metalation of dibenzoiodolium ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4532-4535. [PMID: 35302577 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first series of neutral, tris-chelate, phosphorecent Pt(IV) complexes is reported, which combine two cyclometalated 2-arylpyridine ligands and a dimetalated biaryl. The introduction of biaryl ligands is achieved under mild conditions through the oxidative addition of dibenzoiodolium ions to Pt(II) precursors to give Pt(IV) intermediates with a singly metalated 2-(2-iodoaryl)aryl ligand, followed by the reductive metalation of the C-I bond. The modulation of emission characteristics via derivatization of both types of ligands is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos López-López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Delia Bautista
- Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 21, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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9
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Ortiz RJ, Braun JD, Williams JAG, Herbert DE. Brightly Luminescent Platinum Complexes of N∧C-∧N Ligands Forming Six-Membered Chelate Rings: Offsetting Deleterious Ring Size Effects Using Site-Selective Benzannulation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16881-16894. [PMID: 34730936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brightly emissive platinum(II) complexes (λemission,max = 607-612 nm) of the type RLPtCl are reported, where RL is a cyclometalated N∧C-∧N-coordinating ligand derived from 1,3-di(2-trifluoromethyl-4-phenanthridinyl)benzene (CF3LH) or 1,3-di(2-tert-butyl-4-phenanthridinyl)benzene (tBuLH). Metathesis of the chlorido ligand can be achieved under mild conditions, enabling isolation of ionic compounds with the formula [CF3LPtL']PF6 where L' = pyridine or (4-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), as well as the charge-neutral species tBuLPt(C≡C─C6H4─tBu) (C≡C─C6H4─tBu = 4-tert-butylphenylacetylido). Compared with N∧N∧N-ligated Pt(II) complexes that form 5-membered chelates, these compounds all contain 6-membered rings. Expanding the chelate ring size from 5 to 6 has been previously demonstrated to enhance emission in some N∧N∧N-coordinated Pt(II) species─for example, in complexes of 2,6-di(8-quinolinyl)pyridine vs those of 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine─but in related N∧C-∧N-coordinated species, luminescence quantum yields are significantly lower for the 6-membered chelate ring complexes. Here, we demonstrate that site-selective benzannulation of the quinolinyl side-arms can offset the deleterious effect of changing the chelate ring-size and boost photophysical properties such as the quantum yield. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations suggest that benzannulation counterintuitively destabilizes the emissive triplet states compared to the smaller π-system, with the "imine-bridged biphenyl" form of the phenanthridinyl arm helping to buffer against larger molecular distortions, enhancing photoluminescence quantum yields up to 0.09 ± 0.02. The spontaneous formation under aerated conditions of a Pt(IV) derivative (CF3LPtCl3) is also reported, together with its molecular structure in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jason D Braun
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - David E Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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10
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Liang LC, Liao SM, Zou XR. Facial-Meridional Isomerization and Reductive Elimination in [(R 2P- o-C 6H 4) 2N]PtMe 3 (R = Ph, iPr). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15118-15123. [PMID: 34597032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of PtMe3I in tetrahydrofuran with either in situ prepared [R-PNP]Li ([R-PNP]- = [(R2P-o-C6H4)2N]-; R = Ph, iPr) or H[R-PNP] in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature affords quantitatively fac-[R-PNP]PtMe3. Thermolysis of fac-[R-PNP]PtMe3 in benzene solutions generates mer-[R-PNP]PtMe3 and ultimately [R-PNP]PtMe and ethane. Complexes mer-[R-PNP]PtMe3 represent the first meridional trialkylplatinum(IV) derivatives to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Chang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Xue-Ru Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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11
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López-López JC, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Luminescent halido(aryl) Pt(IV) complexes obtained via oxidative addition of iodobenzene or diaryliodonium salts to bis-cyclometalated Pt(II) precursors. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13294-13305. [PMID: 34499066 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of bis-cyclometalated halido(aryl) Pt(IV) complexes [PtX(Ar)(C^N)2], with C^N = cyclometalated 4-(tert-butyl)-2-phenylpyridine (bppy), 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine (tpy), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy), or 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq), X = I, Cl, or F, and Ar = Ph (for all C^N ligands) or t-BuPh (for C^N = tpy), and the photophysical properties of the chlorido and fluorido series is reported. The oxidative addition of iodobenzene to cis-[Pt(C^N)2] precursors is demonstrated to occur in MeCN under irradiation with visible light to give complexes [PtI(Ph)(C^N)2], presumably involving radical species that also produce the activation of the solvent to give cyanomethyl complexes [PtI(CH2CN)(C^N)2]. The introduction of an aryl ligand can also be achieved by reacting cis-[Pt(C^N)2] with (Ar2I)PF6 (Ar = Ph, t-BuPh), which affords cationic intermediates of the type [Pt(Ar)(C^N)2(NCMe)]+. The subsequent addition of an iodide or chloride salt gives the corresponding iodido- or chlorido(aryl) complexes. The fluorido(aryl) derivatives can be obtained from the iodido complexes by halide exchange using AgF. The chlorido- and fluorido(aryl) complexes display intense phosphorescence in deaerated CH2Cl2 solution and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films at 298 K from triplet excited states primarily localized on the cyclometalated ligands (3LC) with a small MLCT admixture. Compared with the chlorido complexes, the fluorido derivatives consistently present significantly shorter emission lifetimes and higher radiative and nonradiative rate constants due to a greater MLCT contribution to the emissive state. In contrast, the introduction of the t-BuPh group did not induce significant changes in radiative rates with respect to the phenyl complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos López-López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Delia Bautista
- Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 21, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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12
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Vivancos Á, Jiménez-García A, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Strongly Luminescent Pt(IV) Complexes with a Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand: Tuning Their Photophysical Properties. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7900-7913. [PMID: 33970000 PMCID: PMC8893362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysical properties of a series of bis-cyclometalated Pt(IV) complexes that combine the mesoionic aryl-NHC ligand 4-butyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (trz) with either 1-phenylpyrazole or 2-arylpyridine (C∧N) are reported. The complexes (OC-6-54)-[PtCl2(C∧N)(trz)] bearing cyclometalating 2-arylpyridines present phosphorescent emissions in the blue to yellow color range, which essentially arise from 3LC(C∧N) states, and reach quantum yields of ca. 0.3 in fluid solutions and almost unity in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices at 298 K, thus representing a class of strong emitters with tunable properties. A systematic comparison with the homologous C2-symmetrical species (OC-6-33)-[PtCl2(C∧N)2], which contains two equal 2-arylpyridine ligands, shows that the introduction of a trz ligand leads to significantly lower nonradiative decay rates and higher quantum efficiencies. Computational calculations substantiate the effect of the carbene ligand, which raises the energy of dσ* orbitals in these derivatives and results in the higher energies of nonemissive deactivating 3LMCT states. In contrast, the isomers (OC-6-42)-[PtCl2(C∧N)(trz)] are not luminescent because they present a 3LMCT state as the lowest triplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Jiménez-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 21, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 19, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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13
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Mala B, Murtagh LE, Farrow CMA, Akien GR, Halcovich NR, Allinson SL, Platts JA, Coogan MP. Photochemical Oxidation of Pt(IV)Me 3(1,2-diimine) Thiolates to Luminescent Pt(IV) Sulfinates. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7031-7043. [PMID: 33900771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the formation of dinuclear complexes from, and photochemical oxidation of, (CH3)3-Pt(IV)(N^N) (N^N = 1,2-diimine derivatives) complexes of thiophenolate ligands to the analogous sulfinates (CH3)3Pt(N^N)(SO2Ph) and structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of the latter revealing tunable photophysics depending upon the 1,2-diimine ligands. Electron-rich thiolate and conjugated 1,2-diimines encourage formation of thiolate-bridged dinuclear complexes; smaller 1,2-diimines or electron-poor thiolates favor mononuclear complexes. Photooxidation of the thiolate ligand yields hitherto unreported Pt(IV)-SO2R complexes, promoted by electron-deficient thiolates such as 4-nitrothiophenol, which exclusively forms the sulfinate complex. Such complexes exhibit expected absorptions due to π-π* ligand transitions of the 1,2-diimines mixed with spin-allowed singlet MLCT (d-π*) at relatively high energy (270-290 nm), as well as unexpected broad, lower energy absorptions between 360 and 490 nm. DFT data indicate that these low energy absorption bands result from excitation of Pt-S and Pt-C σ-bonding electrons to π* orbitals on sulfinate and 1,2-diimine, the latter of which gives rise to emission in the visible range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Mala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E Murtagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte M A Farrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey R Akien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan R Halcovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Allinson
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, United Kingdom
| | - James A Platts
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Coogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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14
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Poveda D, Vivancos Á, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Visible light driven generation and alkyne insertion reactions of stable bis-cyclometalated Pt(iv) hydrides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12095-12102. [PMID: 34123220 PMCID: PMC8162800 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04879h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydride complexes resulting from the oxidative addition of C–H bonds are intermediates in hydrocarbon activation and functionalization reactions. The discovery of metal systems that enable their direct formation through photoexcitation with visible light could lead to advantageous synthetic methodologies. In this study, easily accessible dimers [Pt2(μ-Cl)2(C^N)2] (C^N = cyclometalated 2-arylpyridine) are demonstrated as a very convenient source of Pt(C^N) subunits, which promote photooxidative C–H addition reactions with different 2-arylpyridines (N′^C′H) upon irradiation with blue light. The resulting [PtH(Cl)(C^N)(C′^N′)] complexes are the first isolable Pt(iv) hydrides arising from a cyclometalation reaction. A transcyclometalation process involving three photochemical steps is elucidated, which occurs when the C^N ligand is a monocyclometalated 2,6-diarylpyridine, and a detailed analysis of the photoreactivity associated with the Pt(C^N) moiety is provided. Alkyne insertions into the Pt–H bond of a photogenerated Pt(iv) hydride are also reported as a demonstration of the ability of this class of compounds to undergo subsequent organometallic reactions. The photochemical generation of isolable bis-cyclometalated Pt(iv) hydrides via photooxidative C–H addition reactions is demonstrated from easily accessible Pt(ii) precursors using visible light.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisio Poveda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo, 19 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Ángela Vivancos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo, 19 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo, 21 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo, 19 30100 Murcia Spain
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15
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Expósito JE, Aullón G, Bardají M, Miguel JA, Espinet P. Fluorescent perylenylpyridine complexes: an experimental and theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13326-13338. [PMID: 32944721 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The perylene derivative 2-(3-perylenyl)-4-methylpyridine (HPerPy) was prepared and used to synthesize [Ag(HPerPy)(PPh3)(OClO3)], with the perylene ligand bonded to the metal centre only by the pyridine nitrogen. The treatment of HPerPy with [Pd(OAc)2] in methanol or acetic acid led to acetate bridged dimers (μ-OOCCH3)2[Pd(PerPy)]2, six-membered or five-membered cycled at the perylenyl fragment. Substitution reactions afforded mononuclear compounds [Pd(PerPy)(acac)] (six-member or five-member cycled) and [Pd(PerPy)(S2COMe)] (six-member or five-member cycled). The reaction of HPerPy with a platinum(ii) fragment led to a five-membered cyclometallated Pt(ii) complex [Pt(PerPy)(acac)]. The oxidative addition with MeI gave the corresponding cyclometallated Pt(iv) compound [Pt(PerPy)(acac)MeI]. X-ray single crystal studies of compounds [Ag(HPerPy)(PPh3)(OClO3)], (μ-OOCCH3)2[Pd(PerPy)]2-five-membered, [Pd(PerPy)(acac)]-six-membered, [Pd(PerPy)(S2COMe)]-five-membered, [Pt(PerPy)(acac)]-five-membered, and [Pt(PerPy)(acac)MeI]-five-membered confirmed the proposed structures. The UV-Vis spectra show one intense absorption with vibronic coupling in the visible region with maxima in the range of 448-519 nm. DFT calculations were carried out for the absorption spectra of the HPerPy molecule and representative complexes [M(PerPy)(acac)] (M: Pd, Pt; five and six-membered isomers) and [Pt(PerPy)(acac)MeI], showing that the lowest energy most intense transition in the complexes corresponds to the HOMO → LUMO transition in the perylene moiety, although affected by the metallacycle size and the metal nature. All the compounds are fluorescent in solution, due to the perylene fragment. The emission spectra display maxima in the range of 468-549 nm, with quantum yields from 1.1 to 82%. The attenuation of the intensity of fluorescence by the presence of heavy atoms and the formation of metallacycles has been experimentally determined and sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Emilio Expósito
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
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16
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To WP, Wan Q, Tong GSM, Che CM. Recent Advances in Metal Triplet Emitters with d6, d8, and d10 Electronic Configurations. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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López-López JC, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Stereoselective Formation of Facial Tris-Cyclometalated Pt IV Complexes: Dual Phosphorescence from Heteroleptic Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:11307-11315. [PMID: 32227518 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthetic route to homo- and heteroleptic facial tris-cyclometalated PtIV complexes is reported, involving the oxidative addition of 2-(2-pyridyl)- or 2-(1-isoquinolinyl)benzenediazonium salts to cis-[Pt(C^N)2 ] precursors, with C^N=cyclometalated 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine (tpy), 2-phenylquinoline (pq), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine or 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq), to produce labile diazenide intermediates that undergo photochemical or thermal elimination of N2 . The method allows the preparation of derivatives bearing cyclometalated ligands of low π-π* transition energies. The new complexes exhibit phosphorescence in fluid solution at room temperature arising from triplet ligand-centered (3 LC) excited states, which, in the cases of the heteroleptic derivatives, involve the ligand with the lowest π-π* gap. The heteroleptic piq derivatives exhibit fluorescence and dual phosphorescence from different ligand-centered excited states in rigid media, demonstrating the potential of cyclometalated PtIV complexes as multi-emissive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- ACTI, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 21, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 19, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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18
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Mullin WJ, Qin H, Mani T, Müller P, Panzer MJ, Thomas SW. Turning on solid-state phosphorescence of platinum acetylides with aromatic stacking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6854-6857. [PMID: 32432580 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neat solids that phosphoresce under ambient conditions are rare due to aggregation-caused quenching. This communication describes a platinum acetylide (PtPE) that phosphoresces as a solid due to programmed aromatic stacking interactions of pendant groups that prevent intermolecular aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Mullin
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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19
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Wu X, Chen DG, Liu D, Liu SH, Shen SW, Wu CI, Xie G, Zhou J, Huang ZX, Huang CY, Su SJ, Zhu W, Chou PT. Highly Emissive Dinuclear Platinum(III) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7469-7479. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiugang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | | | - Denghui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | | | | | | | - Guohua Xie
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | | | | | - Shi-Jian Su
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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20
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Masai H, Liu M, Tachibana Y, Tsuda S, Terao J. Synthesis of Insulated Heteroaromatic Platinum-Acetylide Complexes with Color-Tunable Phosphorescence in Solution and Solid States. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3082-3091. [PMID: 31965802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorescence colors of cyclodextrin-based insulated Pt-acetylide complexes were tuned by the molecular engineering of the chromophores. A series of Pt complexes bearing various acetylide ligands, including heteroaromatics, were prepared via self-inclusion of the linked macrocycles with the complexes. The decline in the inclusion efficiency derived from the heteroaromatics was overcome by the late-stage insulation via intramolecular slippage after the construction of the Pt-acetylide complexes. The cyclic protection of the thus-formed complexes prevented phosphorescence quenching via molecular interactions, even in the solid state. Accordingly, the tuned emission colors in a dilute system were replicated in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Maning Liu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Yasuhiro Tachibana
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Susumu Tsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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21
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Vivancos Á, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Luminescent Platinum(IV) Complexes Bearing Cyclometalated 1,2,3-Triazolylidene and Bi- or Terdentate 2,6-Diarylpyridine Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:6014-6025. [PMID: 30807669 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and photophysical properties of luminescent PtIV complexes that combine cyclometalated 1,2,3-triazolylidene and bi- or terdentate 2,6-diarylpyridine ligands are reported. The targeted complexes represent the first examples of PtIV species with a cyclometalated mesoionic aryl-NHC ligand. They exhibit moderate or weak emissions in fluid solution at 298 K arising from 3 LC states, which become very intense in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices at 298 K. DFT and TD-DFT calculations confirm that the chromophoric ligand is the cyclometalated 2,6-diarylpyridine and show that the aryl-NHC ligand exerts a beneficial effect on the emission efficiencies of these derivatives by increasing the energy of deactivating LMCT excited states with respect to comparable PtIV complexes with cyclometalated 2-arylpyridine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- SAI, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071, Murcia, Spain
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22
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Jiang XD, Toya Y, Matsukawa S, Kojima S, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Shang R, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y. Synthesis and characterization of a pair of O- fac/O- mer 12-P-6 alkyloxaphosphates with a P-O-C-C four-membered ring. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3466-3472. [PMID: 30996936 PMCID: PMC6432329 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05158e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a stereoisomer pair of 12-P-6 alkyloxaphosphates synthesised from pentacoordinate phosphoranes.
Structurally characterized hexacoordinate organophosphorus compounds remain rare due to their highly reactive nature and thermal instability. Herein we report the first synthesis of a pair of O-facial and O-meridional hexacoordinate oxaphosphates (5B and 5D) obtained from the O-apical and O-equatorial β-hydroxyalkylphosphoranes 3 and 4. This was achieved by using the bulky C2F5-groups on the ortho-substituted aryl backbone. Calculations of the relative energies of possible isomers indicate 5B and 5D are thermodynamic products. Although the mechanisms of their formation and the determining factor of stereo-selectivity are still unclear, their isolation and structure conformation contributes to a formulation of a viable strategy for diastereoselective synthesis of heteroleptic hexacoordinate organophosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Dong Jiang
- College of Applied Chemistry , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang , 110142 , China
| | - Yuya Toya
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| | - Shiro Matsukawa
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| | - Satoshi Kojima
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| | - J Oscar C Jimenez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry , Division of Natural and Exact Sciences , University of Guanajuato , Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n 36050 , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
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23
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Giménez N, Lalinde E, Lara R, Moreno MT. Design of Luminescent, Heteroleptic, Cyclometalated Pt
II
and Pt
IV
Complexes: Photophysics and Effects of the Cyclometalated Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:5514-5526. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Rebeca Lara
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
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24
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Vivancos Á, Poveda D, Muñoz A, Moreno J, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Selective synthesis, reactivity and luminescence of unsymmetrical bis-cyclometalated Pt(iv) complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14367-14382. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02431j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The degree of MLCT admixture into the 3LC emitting state of unsymmetrical Pt(iv) complexes bearing two different cyclometalated ligands depends on the coordination position of the chromophoric ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- 30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Dionisio Poveda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- 30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Alonso Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- 30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Julia Moreno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- 30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | | | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- 30071 Murcia
- Spain
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25
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Parker RR, Sarju JP, Whitwood AC, Williams JAG, Lynam JM, Bruce DW. Synthesis, Mesomorphism, and Photophysics of 2,5-Bis(dodecyloxyphenyl)pyridine Complexes of Platinum(IV). Chemistry 2018; 24:19010-19023. [PMID: 30211455 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown for the first time that the PtIV complex cis-[Pt(N^C-tolpy)2 Cl2 ] (tolpy=2-(4-tolyl)pyridinyl) can be prepared in a one-pot reaction from K2 [PtCl4 ], although analogous complexes containing 2,5-bis(4-dodecyloxyphenyl)pyridine (=HL) could be prepared using existing routes. The resulting complexes cis-[Pt(N^C-L)2 Cl2 ] are liquid crystals and small-angle X-ray scattering suggests formation of a lamellar mesophase. Surprisingly, heating [Pt(κ2 -N^C-L)2 Cl(κ1 -N^C-LH)] also leads to a mesomorphic compound, which results from thermally induced oxidation to cis-[Pt(N^C-L)2 Cl2 ] and what is presumed to be another geometric isomer of the same formula. The PtIV complexes are quite strongly luminescent in deoxygenated solution, with φ≈10 % and show vibrationally structured emission spectra, λmax (0,0)=532 nm, strongly displaced to the red compared to cis-[Pt(N^C-tolpy)Cl2 ]. Long luminescence lifetimes of 230 μs are attributed to a lower degree of metal character in the excited state accompanying the extension of conjugation in the ligand. There is no significant difference between the emission properties of the bromo- and chloro-complexes, in contrast with the known complexes cis-[Pt(N^C-ppy)X2 ], where the quantum yield for X=Br is some 30 times lower than for X=Cl (ppyH=2-phenylpyridine). The lower energy of the excited state in the new complexes probably ensures that deactivating LLCT/LMCT states remain thermally inaccessible, even when X=Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julia P Sarju
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - J A Gareth Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, University Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Duncan W Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Ionescu A, Godbert N, Aiello I, Ricciardi L, La Deda M, Crispini A, Sicilia E, Ghedini M. Anionic cyclometalated Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) complexes respectively bearing one or two 1,2-benzenedithiolate ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11645-11657. [PMID: 30095835 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02444h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel anionic cyclometalated Pt(ii) square-planar complexes NBu4[(C^N)PtII(S^S)], containing 2-phenylpyridine H(PhPy), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-pyridine H(F2PhPy) and benzo[h]quinoline H(Bzq), respectively, as a cyclometalated ligand and the dianionic 1,2-benzenedithiolate (Thio)2- fragment as an (S^S) ligand, were synthesised. By the simple addition of an equivalent of (Thio)2- to the NBu4[(C^N)PtII(Thio)] complexes, octahedral anionic NBu4[(C^N)PtIV(Thio)2] analogues were obtained, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the first examples of Pt(iv) anionic cyclometalated complexes. The molecular structures of the obtained complexes in the case of the NBu4[(Bzq)PtII(Thio)] and the NBu4[(Bzq)PtIV(Thio)2] complexes were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the two series of Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) newly synthesised complexes were studied and DFT and TD-DFT calculations were performed in order to comprehensively investigate the displayed behaviour. All Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) complexes show intense luminescence in the solid state, with remarkable enhancement of the emission quantum yields, proving to be excellent examples of aggregation-induced emission systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ionescu
- MAT_INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici), Centro di Eccellenza CEMIF.CAL, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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Berenguer JR, Lalinde E, Moreno MT. Luminescent cyclometalated-pentafluorophenyl Pt II , Pt IV and heteropolynuclear complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Cebrián C, Mauro M. Recent advances in phosphorescent platinum complexes for organic light-emitting diodes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1459-1481. [PMID: 30013674 PMCID: PMC6037003 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescent organometallic compounds based on heavy transition metal complexes (TMCs) are an appealing research topic of enormous current interest. Amongst all different fields in which they found valuable application, development of emitting materials based on TMCs have become crucial for electroluminescent devices such as phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs). This interest is driven by the fact that luminescent TMCs with long-lived excited state lifetimes are able to efficiently harvest both singlet and triplet electro-generated excitons, thus opening the possibility to achieve theoretically 100% internal quantum efficiency in such devices. In the recent past, various classes of compounds have been reported, possessing a beautiful structural variety that allowed to nicely obtain efficient photo- and electroluminescence with high colour purity in the red, green and blue (RGB) portions of the visible spectrum. In addition, achievement of efficient emission beyond such range towards ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) regions was also challenged. By employing TMCs as triplet emitters in OLEDs, remarkably high device performances were demonstrated, with square planar platinum(II) complexes bearing π-conjugated chromophoric ligands playing a key role in such respect. In this contribution, the most recent and promising trends in the field of phosphorescent platinum complexes will be reviewed and discussed. In particular, the importance of proper molecular design that underpins the successful achievement of improved photophysical features and enhanced device performances will be highlighted. Special emphasis will be devoted to those recent systems that have been employed as triplet emitters in efficient PhOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Mauro
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS - Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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Jamali S, Kermanshahian S. Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of a new cationic cyclometalated platinum(ii) complex. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirous Jamali
- Chemistry Department; Sharif University of Technology; Tehran Iran
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Giménez N, Lara R, Moreno MT, Lalinde E. Facile Approaches to Phosphorescent Bis(cyclometalated) Pentafluorophenyl PtIVComplexes: Photophysics and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2017; 23:5758-5771. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Rebeca Lara
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
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Juliá F, García-Legaz MD, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Influence of Ancillary Ligands and Isomerism on the Luminescence of Bis-cyclometalated Platinum(IV) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7647-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química and ‡SAI, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Dulce García-Legaz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química and ‡SAI, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química and ‡SAI, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química and ‡SAI, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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Huckaba AJ, Nazeeruddin MK. Strategies for Tuning Emission Energy in Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2016.1207064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chow PK, Cheng G, Tong GSM, Ma C, Kwok WM, Ang WH, Chung CYS, Yang C, Wang F, Che CM. Highly luminescent palladium(ii) complexes with sub-millisecond blue to green phosphorescent excited states. Photocatalysis and highly efficient PSF-OLEDs. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6083-6098. [PMID: 30034749 PMCID: PMC6024183 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00462h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium(ii) complexes supported by tetradentate [N^C^C^N] and [O^N^C^N] ligand systems display sky blue to red phosphorescence with emission quantum yields and emission lifetimes up to 0.64 and 272 μs, respectively. Femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence (fs-TRF) measurements on these Pd(ii) complexes reveal a fast intersystem crossing from singlet to triplet manifolds with time constants of 0.6-21 ps. DFT/TDDFT calculations revealed that, as a result of the spiro-fluorene and bridging tertiary amine units of the ligands, the T1 excited state is more ligand-localized and has smaller structural distortion, leading to slower non-radiative decay as well as radiative decay of T1 → S0 transition and thereby highly emissive, long-lived triplet excited states. The Pd(ii) complexes have been found to be efficient catalysts for visible light-driven, reductive C-C bond formation from unactivated alkyl bromides with conversions and yields of up to 90% and 83%, respectively. These complexes have also been employed as photosensitizers for [2 + 2] cycloaddition of styrenes, with conversions and yields comparable to those of the reported Ir(iii) complexes. Both green and sky blue organic-light emitting devices (OLEDs) have been generated with these Pd(ii) complexes as guest emitters. Maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of up to 16.5% have been achieved in the sky blue OLEDs. The long emission lifetimes render the Pd(ii) complexes good sensitizers for phosphor-sensitized fluorescent OLEDs (PSF-OLEDs). By utilizing these phosphorescent Pd(ii) complexes as sensitizers, highly efficient green and yellow PSF-OLEDs having high EQE (up to 14.3%), high colour purity and long operation lifetimes, with 90% of initial luminance (LT90) for more than 80 000 h, have been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Keong Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen 518053 , China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chensheng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Wai-Ming Kwok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Wai-Hung Ang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Clive Yik-Sham Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen 518053 , China
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Juliá F, González-Herrero P. Spotlight on the ligand: luminescent cyclometalated Pt(iv) complexes containing a fluorenyl moiety. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10599-608. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01722c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A family of Pt(iv) complexes with 2-(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)pyridine is reported, including bis- and tris-cyclometalated derivatives, which exhibit intense 3LC phosphorescent emissions in fluid solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- 30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- 30071 Murcia
- Spain
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Moussa J, Chamoreau LM, Gullo MP, Degli Esposti A, Barbieri A, Amouri H. Induced phosphorescence from Pt → Ag and Ag(i)⋯Ag(i) metallophilic interactions in benzenedithiolatodiimine-Pt2/Ag2 clusters: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2906-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and luminescence properties of a novel platinum(ii)–silver(i) cluster exhibiting supramolecular donor–acceptor dative Pt → Ag bonds as well as d10⋯d10 argentophilic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Moussa
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) UMR 8232
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Lise Marie Chamoreau
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) UMR 8232
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Maria Pia Gullo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Degli Esposti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Andrea Barbieri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Hani Amouri
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) UMR 8232
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
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Juliá F, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Developing strongly luminescent platinum(IV) complexes: facile synthesis of bis-cyclometalated neutral emitters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 52:1657-60. [PMID: 26659999 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09566b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward, one-pot procedure has been developed for the synthesis of bis-cyclometalated chloro(methyl)platinum(IV) complexes with a wide variety of heteroaromatic ligands of the 2-arylpyridine type. The new compounds exhibit phosphorescent emissions in the blue to orange colour range and represent the most efficient Pt(IV) emitters reported to date, with quantum yields up to 0.81 in fluid solutions at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Expósito JE, Álvarez-Paíno M, Aullón G, Miguel JA, Espinet P. Higher fluorescence in platinum(iv) orthometallated complexes of perylene imine compared with their platinum(ii) or palladium(ii) analogues. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16164-76. [PMID: 26299307 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 3-perylenylmethylen-4'-ethylaniline () with [Pt2Me4(μ-SMe2)2] (and subsequent addition of PPh3) or with [Pt2(η(3)-C4H7)2(μ-Cl)2] produced cyclometallated Pt(II) complexes [Pt(C^N)Me(PPh3)] () and, respectively, [Pt2(C^N)2(μ-Cl)2] () (HC^N = 3-C20H11CH[double bond, length as m-dash]NC6H4-p-C2H5), with Pt bound to the ortho site of the perylenyl fragment. From the mononuclear complexes [Pt(C^N)L2] (L2 = acac (); S2COMe (); S2CNEt2 () are easily formed. Oxidative addition of methyl iodide to the square-planar Pt(II) complexes , , and gave the corresponding cyclometallated Pt(IV) compounds [Pt(C^N)L2MeI] , and . The X-ray structures of , , and show that the perylenyl fragment remains essentially flat in and and slightly twisted in . Comparison of the optical properties of these Pt(II) complexes with those reported for similar Pd(II) derivatives reveals that the change of metal exerts a notable influence on the UV-vis spectra. In solution at room temperature, all the Pt complexes exhibit fluorescence associated with the perylene fragment with low emission quantum yields for the Pt(II) complexes (<1%) and remarkably higher emission values for the Pt(IV) complexes: up to 29%, with emission lifetimes of 1-5 ns. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were performed on the perylene imine and on representative complexes [M(C^N)(acac)] (M = Pd, Pt) and [Pt(C^N)(acac)MeI] to analyse the absorption spectra. These calculations support a perylene-dominated intraligand π-π*emissive state based on the HOMO and LUMO orbitals of the perylene chromophore, and a ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (more intense for the Pt(II) complex) that explains the observed influence of the metal on the absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Emilio Expósito
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
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Moussa J, Freeman GR, Williams JAG, Chamoreau LM, Herson P, Amouri H. Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Cycloplatinated Complexes with a Chelating N∧C Pyridine-Derived N-Heterocyclic Carbene - Influence of 2,4,6-Triphenylphosphinine versus Triphenylphosphine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Huo S, Carroll J, Vezzu DAK. Design, Synthesis, and Applications of Highly Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Platinum Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shouquan Huo
- Department of Chemistry; East Carolina University; Greenville North Carolina 27858 USA
| | - Jeffrey Carroll
- Department of Chemistry; East Carolina University; Greenville North Carolina 27858 USA
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Juliá F, Aullón G, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Exploring excited-state tunability in luminescent tris-cyclometalated platinum(IV) complexes: synthesis of heteroleptic derivatives and computational calculations. Chemistry 2014; 20:17346-59. [PMID: 25353375 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, electrochemistry, and photophysical properties of a series of heteroleptic tris- cyclometalated Pt(IV) complexes are reported. The complexes mer-[Pt(C^N)2 (C'^N')]OTf, with C^N=C-deprotonated 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy) or 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), and C'^N'=C-deprotonated 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy) or 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq), were obtained by reacting bis- cyclometalated precursors [Pt(C^N)2 Cl2] with AgOTf (2 equiv) and an excess of the N'^C'H pro-ligand. The complex mer-[Pt(dfppy)2 (ppy)]OTf was obtained analogously and photoisomerized to its fac counterpart. The new complexes display long-lived luminescence at room temperature in the blue to orange color range. The emitting states involve electronic transitions almost exclusively localized on the ligand with the lowest π-π* energy gap and have very little metal character. DFT and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations on mer-[Pt(ppy)2 (C'^N')](+) (C'^N'=thpy, piq) and mer/fac-[Pt(ppy)3](+) support this assignment and provide a basis for the understanding of the luminescence of tris-cyclometalated Pt(IV) complexes. Excited states of LMCT character may become thermally accessible from the emitting state in the mer isomers containing dfppy or ppy as chromophoric ligands, leading to strong nonradiative deactivation. This effect does not operate in the fac isomers or the mer complexes containing thpy or piq, for which nonradiative deactivation originates mainly from vibrational coupling to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071 Murcia (Spain), Fax: (+34) 868-884148
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Masai H, Terao J, Makuta S, Tachibana Y, Fujihara T, Tsuji Y. Enhancement of Phosphorescence and Unimolecular Behavior in the Solid State by Perfect Insulation of Platinum–Acetylide Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14714-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508636z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masai
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Makuta
- School
of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Yasuhiro Tachibana
- School
of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Tetsuaki Fujihara
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsuji
- Department
of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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