1
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Ghosh S, Pal S, Sar GK, Ghosh D. Amplitude responses of swarmalators. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:054205. [PMID: 38907391 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.054205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Swarmalators are entities that swarm through space and sync in time and are potentially considered to replicate the complex dynamics of many real-world systems. So far, the internal dynamics of swarmalators have been taken as a phase oscillator inspired by the Kuramoto model. Here we examine the internal dynamics utilizing an amplitude oscillator capable of exhibiting periodic and chaotic behaviors. To incorporate the dual interplay between spatial and internal dynamics, we propose a general model that keeps the properties of swarmalators intact. This adaptation calls for a detailed study, which we present in this paper. We establish our study with the Rössler oscillator by taking parameters from both chaotic and periodic regions. While the periodic oscillator mimics most of the patterns in the previous phase oscillator model, the chaotic oscillator brings some fascinating states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samali Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Suvam Pal
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Gourab Kumar Sar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
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2
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Sar GK, Ghosh D, O'Keeffe K. Solvable model of driven matter with pinning. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044603. [PMID: 38755809 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We present a simple model of driven matter in a 1D medium with pinning impurities, applicable to magnetic domains walls, confined colloids, and other systems. We find rich dynamics, including hysteresis, reentrance, quasiperiodicity, and two distinct routes to chaos. In contrast to other minimal models of driven matter, the model is solvable: we derive the full phase diagram for small N, and for large N, we derive expressions for order parameters and several bifurcation curves. The model is also realistic. Its collective states match those seen in the experiments of magnetic domain walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kumar Sar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Kevin O'Keeffe
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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3
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Blum N, Li A, O'Keeffe K, Kogan O. Swarmalators with delayed interactions. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014205. [PMID: 38366397 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of delayed interactions in a population of "swarmalators," generalizations of phase oscillators that both synchronize in time and swarm through space. We discover two steady collective states: a state in which swarmalators are essentially motionless in a disk arranged in a pseudocrystalline order, and a boiling state in which the swarmalators again form a disk, but now the swarmalators near the boundary perform boiling-like convective motions. These states are reminiscent of the beating clusters seen in photoactivated colloids and the living crystals of starfish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Blum
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA
| | - Andre Li
- Department of Physics, California State University, East Bay, California 94542, USA
| | - Kevin O'Keeffe
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Oleg Kogan
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA
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4
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Hao B, Zhong M, O'Keeffe K. Attractive and repulsive interactions in the one-dimensional swarmalator model. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064214. [PMID: 38243440 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
We study a population of swarmalators, mobile variants of phase oscillators, which run on a ring and have both attractive and repulsive interactions. This one-dimensional (1D) swarmalator model produces several of collective states: the standard sync and async states as well as a splaylike "polarized" state and several unsteady states such as active bands or swirling. The model's simplicity allows us to describe some of the states analytically. The model can be considered as a toy model for real-world swarmalators such as vinegar eels and sperm which swarm in quasi-1D geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Hao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Kevin O'Keeffe
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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5
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Sar GK, O'Keeffe K, Ghosh D. Swarmalators on a ring with uncorrelated pinning. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:111103. [PMID: 37938924 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a case study of swarmalators (mobile oscillators) that move on a 1D ring and are subject to pinning. Previous work considered the special case where the pinning in space and the pinning in the phase dimension were correlated. Here, we study the general case where the space and phase pinning are uncorrelated, both being chosen uniformly at random. This induces several new effects, such as pinned async, mixed states, and a first-order phase transition. These phenomena may be found in real world swarmalators, such as systems of vinegar eels, Janus matchsticks, electrorotated Quincke rollers, or Japanese tree frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kumar Sar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Kevin O'Keeffe
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
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6
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Ghosh S, Sar GK, Majhi S, Ghosh D. Antiphase synchronization in a population of swarmalators. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034217. [PMID: 37849179 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Swarmalators are oscillatory systems endowed with a spatial component, whose spatial and phase dynamics affect each other. Such systems can demonstrate fascinating collective dynamics resembling many real-world processes. Through this work, we study a population of swarmalators where they are divided into different communities. The strengths of spatial attraction, repulsion, as well as phase interaction differ from one group to another. Also, they vary from intercommunity to intracommunity. We encounter, as a result of variation in the phase coupling strength, different routes to achieve the static synchronization state by choosing several parameter combinations. We observe that when the intercommunity phase coupling strength is sufficiently large, swarmalators settle in the static synchronization state. However, with a significant small phase coupling strength the state of antiphase synchronization as well as chimeralike coexistence of sync and async are realized. Apart from rigorous numerical results, we have been successful to provide semianalytical treatment for the existence and stability of global static sync and the antiphase sync states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samali Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Gourab Kumar Sar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Soumen Majhi
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
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7
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Wang H, Li H, Gu P, Huang C, Chen S, Hu C, Lee E, Xu J, Zhu J. Electric, magnetic, and shear field-directed assembly of inorganic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2018-2035. [PMID: 36648016 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ordered assemblies of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have shown tremendous potential for wide applications due to their unique collective properties, which differ from those of individual NPs. Various assembly methods, such as external field-directed assembly, interfacial assembly, template assembly, biomolecular recognition-mediated assembly, confined assembly, and others, have been employed to generate ordered inorganic NP assemblies with hierarchical structures. Among them, the external field-directed assembly method is particularly fascinating, as it can remotely assemble NPs into well-ordered superstructures. Moreover, external fields (e.g., electric, magnetic, and shear fields) can introduce a local and/or global field intensity gradient, resulting in an additional force on NPs to drive their rotation and/or translation. Therefore, the external field-directed assembly of NPs becomes a robust method to fabricate well-defined functional materials with the desired optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, which have various applications in catalysis, sensing, disease diagnosis, energy conversion/storage, photonics, nano-floating-gate memory, and others. In this review, the effects of an electric field, magnetic field, and shear field on the organization of inorganic NPs are highlighted. The methods for controlling the well-ordered organization of inorganic NPs at different scales and their advantages are reviewed. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Pan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Caili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Senbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Chenglong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
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8
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Sar GK, Ghosh D, O'Keeffe K. Pinning in a system of swarmalators. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:024215. [PMID: 36932525 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
We study a population of swarmalators (swarming/mobile oscillators) which run on a ring and are subject to random pinning. The pinning represents the tendency of particles to stick to defects in the underlying medium which competes with the tendency to sync and swarm. The result is rich collective behavior. A highlight is low dimensional chaos which in systems of ordinary, Kuramoto-type oscillators is uncommon. Some of the states (the phase wave and split phase wave) resemble those seen in systems of Janus matchsticks or Japanese tree frogs. The others (such as the sync and unsteady states) may be observable in systems of vinegar eels, electrorotated Quincke rollers, or other swarmalators moving in disordered environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kumar Sar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Kevin O'Keeffe
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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9
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Yoon S, O'Keeffe KP, Mendes JFF, Goltsev AV. Sync and Swarm: Solvable Model of Nonidentical Swarmalators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:208002. [PMID: 36462001 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.208002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We study a model of nonidentical swarmalators, generalizations of phase oscillators that both sync in time and swarm in space. The model produces four collective states: asynchrony, sync clusters, vortexlike phase waves, and a mixed state. These states occur in many real-world swarmalator systems such as biological microswimmers, chemical nanomotors, and groups of drones. A generalized Ott-Antonsen ansatz provides the first analytic description of these states and conditions for their existence. We show how this approach may be used in studies of active matter and related disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoon
- Departamento de Física da Universidade de Aveiro and I3N, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - K P O'Keeffe
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J F F Mendes
- Departamento de Física da Universidade de Aveiro and I3N, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A V Goltsev
- Departamento de Física da Universidade de Aveiro and I3N, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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10
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O'Keeffe K, Hong H. Swarmalators on a ring with distributed couplings. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:064208. [PMID: 35854595 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.064208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We study a simple model of identical "swarmalators," generalizations of phase oscillators that swarm through space. We confine the movements to a one-dimensional (1D) ring and consider distributed (nonidentical) couplings; the combination of these two effects captures an aspect of the more realistic two-dimensional swarmalator model. We discover several collective states which we describe analytically. These states imitate the behavior of vinegar eels, catalytic microswimmers, and other swarmalators which move on quasi-1D rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O'Keeffe
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hyunsuk Hong
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
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11
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Hendley RS, Torres-Díaz I, Bevan MA. Anisotropic colloidal interactions & assembly in AC electric fields. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9066-9077. [PMID: 34617557 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01227d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We match experimental and simulated configurations of anisotropic epoxy colloidal particles in high frequency AC electric fields by identifying analytical potentials for dipole-field and dipole-dipole interactions. We report an inverse Monte Carlo simulation algorithm to determine optimal fits of analytical potentials by matching simulated and experimental distribution functions for non-uniform liquid, liquid crystal, and crystal microstructures in varying amplitude electric fields. Two potentials that include accurate particle volume and dimensions along with a concentration dependent prefactor quantitatively capture experimental observations. At low concentrations, an effective ellipsoidal point dipole potential works well, whereas a novel stretched point dipole potential is found to be suitable at all concentrations, field amplitudes, and degrees of ordering. The simplicity, accuracy, and adjustability of the stretched point dipole potential suggest it can be applied to model field mediated microstructures and assembly of systematically varying anisotropic particle shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Hendley
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engr., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Isaac Torres-Díaz
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engr., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Michael A Bevan
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engr., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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12
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Shabaniverki S, Juárez JJ. Directed Assembly of Particles for Additive Manufacturing of Particle-Polymer Composites. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:935. [PMID: 34442557 PMCID: PMC8401964 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Particle-polymer dispersions are ubiquitous in additive manufacturing (AM), where they are used as inks to create composite materials with applications to wearable sensors, energy storage materials, and actuation elements. It has been observed that directional alignment of the particle phase in the polymer dispersion can imbue the resulting composite material with enhanced mechanical, electrical, thermal or optical properties. Thus, external field-driven particle alignment during the AM process is one approach to tailoring the properties of composites for end-use applications. This review article provides an overview of externally directed field mechanisms (e.g., electric, magnetic, and acoustic) that are used for particle alignment. Illustrative examples from the AM literature show how these mechanisms are used to create structured composites with unique properties that can only be achieved through alignment. This article closes with a discussion of how particle distribution (i.e., microstructure) affects mechanical properties. A fundamental description of particle phase transport in polymers could lead to the development of AM process control for particle-polymer composite fabrication. This would ultimately create opportunities to explore the fundamental impact that alignment has on particle-polymer composite properties, which opens up the possibility of tailoring these materials for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Shabaniverki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Jaime J. Juárez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Center for Multiphase Flow Research and Education, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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13
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Li J, Wang Y. Directional and Reconfigurable Assembly of Metallodielectric Patchy Particles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5439-5448. [PMID: 33635049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal particles with surface patches can self-assemble with high directionality, but the resulting assemblies cannot reconfigure unless the patch arrangement (number, symmetry, etc.) is altered. While external fields with tunable inputs can guide the assembly of dynamic structures, they encourage particle alignment relative to its shape rather than the surface patterns. Here, we report on the synthesis of metallodielectric patchy particles and their assembly under the AC electric field, which gives rise to a series of structures including two-layer alternating chains, open-brick walls, staggering stacks, and vertical chains that are directed by the patches yet reconfigurable by the field. The configurations of the assemblies (e.g., the chains) can be further switched between a rigid and a flexible state emulating the conformations of polymers. Our work suggests that, for directed colloidal assembly, the particle complexities (patches and shapes) can be coupled with the external manipulations in a cooperative manner for creating materials with precise yet reconfigurable structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuochen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Kamp M, de Nijs B, van der Linden MN, de Feijter I, Lefferts MJ, Aloi A, Griffiths J, Baumberg JJ, Voets IK, van Blaaderen A. Multivalent Patchy Colloids for Quantitative 3D Self-Assembly Studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2403-2418. [PMID: 32097015 PMCID: PMC7202687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report methods to synthesize sub-micron- and micron-sized patchy silica particles with fluorescently labeled hemispherical titania protrusions, as well as routes to efficiently characterize these particles and self-assemble these particles into non-close-packed structures. The synthesis methods expand upon earlier work in the literature, in which silica particles packed in a colloidal crystal were surface-patterned with a silane coupling agent. Here, hemispherical amorphous titania protrusions were successfully labeled with fluorescent dyes, allowing for imaging by confocal microscopy and super-resolution techniques. Confocal microscopy was exploited to experimentally determine the numbers of protrusions per particle over large numbers of particles for good statistical significance, and these distributions were compared to simulations predicting the number of patches as a function of core particle polydispersity and maximum separation between the particle surfaces. We self-assembled these patchy particles into open percolating gel networks by exploiting solvophobic attractions between the protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlous Kamp
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Bart de Nijs
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Marjolein N. van der Linden
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isja de Feijter
- Laboratory
of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Post Office
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Merel J. Lefferts
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Aloi
- Laboratory
of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Post Office
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Griffiths
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory
of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Post Office
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Repula A, Oshima Menegon M, Wu C, van der Schoot P, Grelet E. Directing Liquid Crystalline Self-Organization of Rodlike Particles through Tunable Attractive Single Tips. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:128008. [PMID: 30978054 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.128008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dispersions of rodlike colloidal particles exhibit a plethora of liquid crystalline states, including nematic, smectic A, smectic B, and columnar phases. This phase behavior can be explained by presuming the predominance of hard-core volume exclusion between the particles. We show here how the self-organization of rodlike colloids can be controlled by introducing a weak and highly localized directional attractive interaction between one of the ends of the particles. This has been performed by functionalizing the tips of filamentous viruses by means of regioselectively grafting fluorescent dyes onto them, resulting in a hydrophobic patch whose attraction can be tuned by varying the number of bound dye molecules. We show, in agreement with our computer simulations, that increasing the single tip attraction stabilizes the smectic phase at the expense of the nematic phase, leaving all other liquid crystalline phases invariant. For a sufficiently strong tip attraction, the nematic state may be suppressed completely to get a direct isotropic liquid-to-smectic phase transition. Our findings provide insights into the rational design of building blocks for functional structures formed at low densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Repula
- Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, CNRS and Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mariana Oshima Menegon
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Cheng Wu
- Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, CNRS and Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Paul van der Schoot
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Grelet
- Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, CNRS and Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
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16
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Solomon MJ. Tools and Functions of Reconfigurable Colloidal Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11205-11219. [PMID: 29397742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We review work in reconfigurable colloidal assembly, a field in which rapid, back-and-forth transitions between the equilibrium states of colloidal self-assembly are accomplished by dynamic manipulation of the size, shape, and interaction potential of colloids, as well as the magnitude and direction of the fields applied to them. It is distinguished from the study of colloidal phase transitions by the centrality of thermodynamic variables and colloidal properties that are time switchable; by the applicability of these changes to generate transitions in assembled colloids that may be spatially localized; and by its incorporation of the effects of generalized potentials due to, for example, applied electric and magnetic fields. By drawing upon current progress in the field, we propose a matrix classification of reconfigurable colloidal systems based on the tool used and function performed by reconfiguration. The classification distinguishes between the multiple means by which reconfigurable assembly can be accomplished (i.e., the tools of reconfiguration) and the different kinds of structural transitions that can be achieved by it (i.e., the functions of reconfiguration). In the first case, the tools of reconfiguration can be broadly classed as (i) those that control the colloidal contribution to the system entropy-as through volumetric and/or shape changes of the particles; (ii) those that control the internal energy of the colloids-as through manipulation of colloidal interaction potentials; and (iii) those that control the spatially resolved potential energy that is imposed on the colloids-as through the introduction of field-induced phoretic mechanisms that yield colloidal displacement and accumulation. In the second case, the functions of reconfiguration include reversible: (i) transformation between different phases-including fluid, cluster, gel, and crystal structures; (ii) manipulation of the spacing between colloids in crystals and clusters; and (iii) translation, rotation, or shape-change of finite-size objects self-assembled from colloids. With this classification in hand, we correlate the current limits on the spatiotemporal scales for reconfigurable colloidal assembly and identify a set of future research challenges.
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17
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Yang Y, Bevan MA. Interfacial colloidal rod dynamics: Coefficients, simulations, and analysis. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:054902. [PMID: 28789549 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal rod diffusion near a wall is modeled and simulated based on a constrained Stokesian dynamic model of chains-of-spheres. By modeling colloidal rods as chains-of-spheres, complete diffusion tensors are computed for colloidal rods in bulk media and near interfaces, including hydrodynamic interactions, translation-rotation coupling, and all diffusion modes in the particle and lab frames. Simulated trajectories based on the chain-of-spheres diffusion tensor are quantified in terms of typical experimental quantities such as mean squared positional and angular displacements as well as autocorrelation functions. Theoretical expressions are reported to predict measured average diffusivities as well as the crossover from short-time anisotropic translational diffusion along the rod's major axis to isotropic diffusion. Diffusion modes are quantified in terms of closed form empirical fits to model results to aid their use in interpretation and prediction of experiments involving colloidal rod diffusion in interfacial and confined systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Yang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Michael A Bevan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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18
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Chen Y, Xu Q, Jin Y, Qian X, Liu L, Liu J, Ganesan V. Design of End-to-End Assembly of Side-Grafted Nanorods in a Homopolymer Matrix. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yangfu Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xin Qian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Zimmermann M, John D, Grigoriev D, Puretskiy N, Böker A. From 2D to 3D patches on multifunctional particles: how microcontact printing creates a new dimension of functionality. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2301-2309. [PMID: 29504010 PMCID: PMC5870046 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00163d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward approach for the precise multifunctional surface modification of particles with three-dimensional patches using microcontact printing is presented. By comparison to previous works it was possible to not only control the diameter, but also to finely tune the thickness of the deposited layer, opening up the way for three-dimensional structures and orthogonal multifunctionality. The use of PEI as polymeric ink, PDMS stamps for microcontact printing on silica particles and the influence of different solvents during particle release on the creation of functional particles with three-dimensional patches are described. Finally, by introducing fluorescent properties by incorporation of quantum dots into patches and by particle self-assembly via avidin-biotin coupling, the versatility of this novel modification method is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany. and Chair of Polymer Materials and Polymer Technologies, University Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniela John
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Grigoriev
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Nikolay Puretskiy
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany. and Chair of Polymer Materials and Polymer Technologies, University Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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20
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de Leon AC, Rodier BJ, Luo Q, Hemmingsen CM, Wei P, Abbasi K, Advincula R, Pentzer EB. Distinct Chemical and Physical Properties of Janus Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7485-7493. [PMID: 28696656 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Janus particles have recently garnered significant attention for their distinct properties compared to particles that are homogeneously functionalized. Moreover, high aspect ratio Janus particles that are rod-like or planar (i.e., nanosheets) are especially intriguing considering their interfacial properties as well as their ability to assemble into higher order and hybrid structures. To date, major challenges facing the exploration and utilization of 2D Janus particles are scalability of synthesis, characterization of tailored chemical functionalization, and ability to introduce a diverse set of functionalities. Herein, a facile method to access Janus 2D graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets by combining a Pickering-type emulsion and grafting-from polymerization via ATRP is reported. Janus GO nanosheets bearing PMMA on one face as well as the symmetrically functionalized analogue are prepared, and the chemical, thermal, structural, surface, and interfacial properties of these materials are characterized. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry coupled with Langmuir-Blodgett films is shown to be an ideal route to conclusively establish asymmetric functionalization of 2D materials. This work not only provides a facile route for the preparation of Janus nanosheets but also demonstrates the direct visualization of polymer grown from the surface of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al C de Leon
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, School of Engineering, and §Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Bradley J Rodier
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, School of Engineering, and §Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Qinmo Luo
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, School of Engineering, and §Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Christina M Hemmingsen
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, School of Engineering, and §Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Peiran Wei
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, School of Engineering, and §Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kevin Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, School of Engineering, and §Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Rigoberto Advincula
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, School of Engineering, and §Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Emily B Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, School of Engineering, and §Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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21
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Ravaine S, Duguet E. Synthesis and assembly of patchy particles: Recent progress and future prospects. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Samantaray K, Bhol P, Sahoo B, Barik SK, Jathavedan K, Sahu BR, Suar M, Bhat SK, Mohanty PS. Template-Free Assembly in Living Bacterial Suspension under an External Electric Field. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1019-1024. [PMID: 30023626 PMCID: PMC6044750 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although template-assisted self-assembly methods are very popular in materials and biological systems, they have certain limitations such as lack of tunability and switchable functionality because of the irreversible association of cells and their matrix components. With an aim to achieve more tunability, we have made an attempt to investigate the self-assembly behavior of rod-shaped living bacteria subjected to an external alternating electric field using confocal microscopy. We demonstrate that rod-shaped living bacteria dispersed in a low salinity aqueous medium form different types of reversible freely suspended structures when subjected to an external alternating electric field. At low field strength, an oriented phase is observed where individual bacterium orients with its major axis aligned along the field direction. At intermediate field strength, bacteria align in the form of one-dimensional (1D) chains that lie along the field direction. Further, at high field strength, more bacteria associate with these 1D chains laterally to form a two-dimensional (2D) array. At higher bacterial concentration, these field-induced 2D arrays extend to form three-dimensional columnar structures. These results are discussed in the context of previously reported studies on bacterial self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Samantaray
- School
of Biotechnology and School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Prachi Bhol
- School
of Biotechnology and School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Bhabani Sahoo
- Institute
of Life Science, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Barik
- School
of Biotechnology and School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Kiran Jathavedan
- Polymer
Science & Engineering Division, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Bikash Ranjan Sahu
- School
of Biotechnology and School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School
of Biotechnology and School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Suresh K. Bhat
- Polymer
Science & Engineering Division, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Priti Sundar Mohanty
- School
of Biotechnology and School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
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23
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Crassous JJ, Demirörs AF. Multiscale directed self-assembly of composite microgels in complex electric fields. SOFT MATTER 2016; 13:88-100. [PMID: 27906392 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00857g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the application of localized electric fields for reversible directed self-assembly of colloidal particles in 3 dimensions. Electric field microgradients, arising from the use of micro-patterned electrodes, were utilized to direct the localization and self-assembly of polarizable (charged) particles resulting from a combination of dielectrophoretic and multipolar forces. Deionized dispersions of spherical and ellipsoidal core-shell microgels were employed for investigating their assembly under an external alternating electric field. We demonstrated that the frequency of the field allowed for an exquisite control over the localization of the particles and their self-assembled structures near the electrodes. We extended this approach to concentrated binary dispersions consisting of polarizable and less polarizable composite microgels. Furthermore, we utilized the thermosensitivity of the microgels to adjust the effective volume fraction and the dynamics of the system, which provided the possibility to dynamically "solidify" the assembly of the field-responsive particles by a temperature quench from their initial fluid state into an arrested crystalline state. Reversible solidification enables us to re-write/reconstruct various 3 dimensional assemblies by varying the applied field frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme J Crassous
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ahmet F Demirörs
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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24
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Vutukuri HR, Preisler Z, Besseling TH, van Blaaderen A, Dijkstra M, Huck WTS. Dynamic self-organization of side-propelling colloidal rods: experiments and simulations. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9657-9665. [PMID: 27869286 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there is a growing interest in designing artificial analogues of living systems, fueled not only by potential applications as 'smart micro-machines', but also by the demand for simple models that can be used to study the behavior of their more complex natural counterparts. Here, we present a facile, internally driven, experimental system comprised of fluorescently labeled colloidal silica rods of which the self-propulsion is powered by the decomposition of H2O2 catalyzed by a length-wise half Pt coating of the particles in order to study how shape anisotropy and swimming direction affect the collective behavior. We investigated the emerging structures and their time evolution for various particle concentrations in (quasi-)two dimensional systems for three aspect ratios of the rods on a single particle level using a combination of experiments and simulations. We found that the dynamic self-organization relied on a competition between self-propulsion and phoretic attractions induced by phoresis of the rods. We observed that the particle clustering behavior depends on the concentration as well as the aspect ratio of the rods. Our findings provide a more detailed understanding of dynamic self-organization of anisotropic particles and the role the propulsion direction plays in internally driven systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Zdeněk Preisler
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Thijs H Besseling
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Yariv E. Dielectrophoretic sphere-wall repulsion due to a uniform electric field. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6277-6284. [PMID: 27384257 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00462h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When a zero-net-charge particle is placed under a uniform electric field, the decay of the Maxwell stress with the third power of distance ensures a nil electric force. A nonzero force may nonetheless be generated in the presence of a planar wall due to a mechanism which resembles conventional dielectrophoresis under nonuniform fields. In the prototypical case of a spherical particle this force acts perpendicular to the wall; its magnitude depends upon the pertinent boundary conditions governing the electric potential. When a particle is suspended in an electrolyte solution, where the double-layer structure ensures zero net charge, these conditions are electrokinetic in nature; they involve a balance between bulk conduction and diffusion, represented by normal derivatives, and an effective surface-conduction mechanism, represented by surface-Laplacian terms whose magnitude is quantified by appropriate Dukhin numbers. The dimensionless force depends upon the particle and wall Dukhin numbers as well as the ratio λ of the size of the particle to its distance from the wall. The remote-particle limit λ ≪ 1 is addressed using successive reflections. Calculation of the first few terms in the asymptotic expansion of the force only requires the evaluation of a single reflection from the wall. The leading-order term, scaling as λ(4), is repulsive, with a magnitude that varies non-monotonically with the particle Dukhin number and is independent of the wall Dukhin number. Surface conditions on the wall enter only at the O(λ(5)) leading-order correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Yariv
- Department of Mathematics, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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26
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Mohorič T, Kokot G, Osterman N, Snezhko A, Vilfan A, Babič D, Dobnikar J. Dynamic Assembly of Magnetic Colloidal Vortices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5094-5101. [PMID: 27128501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic colloids in external time-dependent fields are subject to complex induced many-body interactions governing their self-assembly into a variety of equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium structures such as chains, networks, suspended membranes, and colloidal foams. Here, we report experiments, simulations, and theory probing the dynamic assembly of superparamagnetic colloids in precessing external magnetic fields. Within a range of field frequencies, we observe dynamic large-scale structures such as ordered phases composed of precessing chains, ribbons, and rotating fluidic vortices. We show that the structure formation is inherently coupled to the buildup of torque, which originates from internal relaxation of induced dipoles and from transient correlations among the particles as a result of short-lived chain formation. We discuss in detail the physical properties of the vortex phase and demonstrate its potential in particle-coating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaž Mohorič
- International Research Center for Soft Matter, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gašper Kokot
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natan Osterman
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexey Snezhko
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrej Vilfan
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Babič
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Dobnikar
- International Research Center for Soft Matter, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
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27
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Wang K, Jin SM, Xu J, Liang R, Shezad K, Xue Z, Xie X, Lee E, Zhu J. Electric-Field-Assisted Assembly of Polymer-Tethered Gold Nanorods in Cylindrical Nanopores. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4954-60. [PMID: 27054687 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate the confined assembly of polymer-tethered gold nanorods in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) channels with the assistance of electric field (EF). Various interesting hybrid assemblies, such as single-, double-, triple-, or quadruple-helix, linear, and hexagonally packed structures are obtained by adjusting pore size in AAO channels, ligand length, and EF orientation. Correspondingly, surface plasmonic property of the assemblies can thus be tuned. This strategy, by coupling of external-field and cylindrically confined assembly, is believed to be a promising approach for generating ordered hybrid assemblies with hierarchical structures, which may find potential applications in photoelectric devices, biosensors, and data storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Seon-Mi Jin
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Khurram Shezad
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Eunji Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
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28
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Zhao B, Zhou H, Liu C, Long Y, Yang G, Tung CH, Song K. Fabrication and directed assembly of magnetic Janus rods. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Varied morphologies and aspect ratios of magnetic Janus rods have been synthesized via a wet-chemical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hui Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yue Long
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Sciences
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Kai Song
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Sciences
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100190
- China
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29
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Crassous JJ, Mihut AM, Månsson LK, Schurtenberger P. Anisotropic responsive microgels with tuneable shape and interactions. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15971-15982. [PMID: 26367504 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly monodisperse polystyrene/poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PS-PNIPMAM) core-shell composite microgels were synthesized and further nanoengineered in either ellipsoidal, faceted or bowl-shaped particles. Beside their anisotropy in shape, the microgel design enables an exquisite control of the particle conformation, size and interactions from swollen and hydrophilic to collapsed and hydrophobic using temperature as an external control variable. The post-processing procedures and the characterization of the different particles are first presented. Their potential as model systems for the investigation of the effects of anisotropic shape and interactions on the phase behavior is further demonstrated. Finally, the self-assembly of bowl-shaped composite microgel particles is discussed, where the temperature and an external AC electric field are employed to control the interactions from repulsive to attractive and from soft repulsive to dipolar, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme J Crassous
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
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30
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Edwards TD, Yang Y, Everett WN, Bevan MA. Reconfigurable multi-scale colloidal assembly on excluded volume patterns. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13612. [PMID: 26330058 PMCID: PMC4557032 DOI: 10.1038/srep13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to create multi-scale, periodic colloidal assemblies with unique properties is important to emerging applications. Dynamically manipulating colloidal structures via tunable kT-scale attraction can provide the opportunity to create particle-based nano- and microstructured materials that are reconfigurable. Here, we report a novel tactic to obtain reconfigurable, multi-scale, periodic colloidal assemblies by combining thermoresponsive depletant particles and patterned topographical features that, together, reversibly mediate local kT-scale depletion interactions. This method is demonstrated in optical microscopy experiments to produce colloidal microstructures that reconfigure between well-defined ordered structures and disordered fluid states as a function of temperature and pattern feature depth. These results are well described by Monte Carlo simulations using theoretical depletion potentials that include patterned excluded volume. Ultimately, the approach reported here can be extended to control the size, shape, orientation, and microstructure of colloidal assemblies on multiple lengths scales and on arbitrary pre-defined pattern templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara D. Edwards
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Yuguang Yang
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | | | - Michael A. Bevan
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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Tasoglu S, Yu CH, Liaudanskaya V, Guven S, Migliaresi C, Demirci U. Magnetic Levitational Assembly for Living Material Fabrication. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1469-76, 1422. [PMID: 25872008 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional living materials with microscale compositional topographies are prevalent in nature. However, the creation of biomaterials composed of living micro building blocks, each programmed by composition, functionality, and shape, is still a challenge. A powerful yet simple approach to create living materials using a levitation-based magnetic method is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Connecticut; 191 Auditorium Road Storrs CT 06269 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Connecticut; 260 Glenbrook Road Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Chu Hsiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Connecticut; 191 Auditorium Road Storrs CT 06269 USA
- Center for Bioengineering; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Volha Liaudanskaya
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Trento 38123 Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering; Biotech Research Center; University of Trento; Via Sommarive 9 38123 Trento Italy
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory; Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection; Department of Radiology; Stanford School of Medicine; Palo Alto CA 94304 USA
| | - Sinan Guven
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory; Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection; Department of Radiology; Stanford School of Medicine; Palo Alto CA 94304 USA
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Trento 38123 Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering; Biotech Research Center; University of Trento; Via Sommarive 9 38123 Trento Italy
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Center for Bioengineering; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA 02115 USA
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory; Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection; Department of Radiology; Stanford School of Medicine; Palo Alto CA 94304 USA
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Boehm SJ, Lin L, Guzmán Betancourt K, Emery R, Mayer JS, Mayer TS, Keating CD. Formation and frequency response of two-dimensional nanowire lattices in an applied electric field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5779-5786. [PMID: 25978144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ordered two-dimensional (2D) lattices were formed by assembling silica-coated solid and segmented Au nanowires between coplanar electrodes using alternating current (ac) electric fields. Dielectrophoretic forces from the ac field concentrated wires between the electrodes, with their long axis aligned parallel to the field lines. After reaching a sufficient particle density, field-induced dipolar interactions resulted in the assembly of dense 2D lattices that spanned the electrodes, a distance of at least ten wire lengths. The ends of neighboring Au wires or segments overlapped a fraction of their length to form lattice structures with a "running bond" brickwork-like pattern. The observed lattice structures were tunable in three distinct ways: (1) particle segmentation pattern, which fixed the lattice periodicity for a given field condition; (2) ac frequency, which varied lattice periodicity in real time; and (3) switching the field on/off, which converted between lattice and smectic particle organizations. Electric field simulations were performed to understand how the observed lattice periodicity depends on the assembly conditions and particle segmentation. Directed self-assembly of well-ordered 2D metallic nanowire lattices that can be designed by Au striping pattern and reconfigured by changes in field conditions could enable new types of switchable optical or electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Boehm
- †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lan Lin
- †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kimberly Guzmán Betancourt
- †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Robyn Emery
- †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Mayer
- †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Theresa S Mayer
- †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christine D Keating
- †Departments of Chemistry and ‡Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Song P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Hollingsworth AD, Weck M, Pine DJ, Ward MD. Patchy Particle Packing under Electric Fields. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3069-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5127903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Song
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Center
for Soft Matter Research and Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Andrew D. Hollingsworth
- Center
for Soft Matter Research and Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - David J. Pine
- Center
for Soft Matter Research and Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Shah AA, Schultz B, Zhang W, Glotzer SC, Solomon MJ. Actuation of shape-memory colloidal fibres of Janus ellipsoids. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:117-24. [PMID: 25384169 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many natural micrometre-scale assemblies can be actuated to control their optical, transport and mechanical properties, yet such functionality is lacking in colloidal structures synthesized thus far. Here, we show with experiments and computer simulations that Janus ellipsoids can self-assemble into self-limiting one-dimensional fibres with shape-memory properties, and that the fibrillar assemblies can be actuated on application of an external alternating-current electric field. Actuation of the fibres occurs through a sliding mechanism that permits the rapid and reversible elongation and contraction of the Janus-ellipsoid chains by ~36% and that on long timescales leads to the generation of long, uniform self-assembled fibres. Colloidal-scale actuation might be useful in microrobotics and in applications of shape-memory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush A Shah
- 1] Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] [3]
| | - Benjamin Schultz
- 1] Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2]
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- 1] Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [3] Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [4] Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Michael J Solomon
- 1] Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Vutukuri HR, Smallenburg F, Badaire S, Imhof A, Dijkstra M, van Blaaderen A. An experimental and simulation study on the self-assembly of colloidal cubes in external electric fields. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:9110-9119. [PMID: 25311761 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When a suspension of colloidal particles is placed in an oscillating electric field, the contrast in dielectric constant between the particles and the solvent induces a dipole moment in each of the colloidal particles. The resulting dipole-dipole interactions can strongly influence the phase behavior of the system. We investigate the phase behavior of cube-shaped colloidal particles in electric fields, using both experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. In addition to a string fluid phase and a body centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal phase, we observe a columnar phase consisting of hexagonally ordered strings of rotationally disordered cubes. By simulating the system for a range of pressures and electric field strengths, we map out the phase diagram, and compare the results to the experimentally observed phases. Additionally, we estimate the accuracy of a point-dipole approximation on the alignment of cubes in string-like clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Kuijk A, Troppenz T, Filion L, Imhof A, van Roij R, Dijkstra M, van Blaaderen A. Effect of external electric fields on the phase behavior of colloidal silica rods. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6249-55. [PMID: 25017809 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00957f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effect of external electric fields on the behavior of colloidal silica rods. We find that the electric fields can be used to induce para-nematic and para-smectic phases, and to reduce the number of defects in smectic phases. At high field strengths, a new crystal structure was observed that consisted of strings of rods ordered in a hexagonal pattern in which neighboring rods were shifted along their length. We also present a simple model to describe this system, which we used in computer simulations to calculate the phase diagram for rods of L/D = 6, with L the end-to-end length of the rods and D the diameter of the rods. Our theoretical predictions for the phase behavior agree well with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Kuijk
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Guided and magnetic self-assembly of tunable magnetoceptive gels. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4702. [PMID: 25175148 PMCID: PMC4153407 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of components into complex functional patterns at microscale is common in nature, and used increasingly in numerous disciplines such as optoelectronics, microfabrication, sensors, tissue engineering and computation. Here, we describe the use of stable radicals to guide the self-assembly of magnetically tunable gels, which we call ‘magnetoceptive’ materials at the scale of hundreds of microns to a millimeter, each can be programmed by shape and composition, into heterogeneous complex structures. Using paramagnetism of free radicals as a driving mechanism, complex heterogeneous structures are built in the magnetic field generated by permanent magnets. The overall magnetic signature of final structure is erased via an antioxidant vitamin E, subsequent to guided self-assembly. We demonstrate unique capabilities of radicals and antioxidants in fabrication of soft systems with heterogeneity in material properties, such as porosity, elastic modulus and mass density; then in bottom-up tissue engineering and finally, levitational and selective assembly of microcomponents. Self-assembly of micrometre-sized building blocks into complex functional patterns provides a useful tool for tissue engineering applications. Here, Tasoglu et al. present a practical method to guide the assembly of magnetically tunable gels in a magnetic field without physical contact.
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