1
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Eyvazi N, Biagooi M, Nedaaee Oskoee S. Molecular dynamics investigation of charging process in polyelectrolyte-based supercapacitors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1098. [PMID: 35058494 PMCID: PMC8776737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercapacitors are one of the technologically impressive types of energy storage devices that are supposed to fill the gap between chemical batteries and dielectric capacitors in terms of power and energy density. Many kinds of materials have been investigated to be used as supercapacitors' electrolytes to overcome the known limitations of them. The properties of polymer-based electrolytes show a promising way to defeat some of these limitations. In this paper, a simplified model of polymer-based electrolytes between two electrodes is numerically investigated using the Molecular Dynamics simulation. The simulations are conducted for three different Bjerrum lengths and a typical range of applied voltages. The results showed a higher differential capacitance compared to the cases using ionic-liquid electrolytes. Our investigations indicate a rich domain in molecular behaviors of polymer-based electrolytes that should be considered in future supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Eyvazi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Morad Biagooi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - SeyedEhsan Nedaaee Oskoee
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran.
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran.
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2
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Abstract
Solid-state polymer electrolytes and high-concentration liquid electrolytes, such as water-in-salt electrolytes and ionic liquids, are emerging materials to replace the flammable organic electrolytes widely used in industrial lithium-ion batteries. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the ion transport mechanisms and optimize the ion transport properties. This perspective reviews the current understanding of the ion transport and polymer dynamics in liquid and polymer electrolytes, comparing the similarities and differences in the two types of electrolytes. Combining recent experimental and theoretical findings, we attempt to connect and explain ion transport mechanisms in different types of small-molecule and polymer electrolytes from a theoretical perspective, linking the macroscopic transport coefficients to the microscopic, molecular properties such as the solvation environment of the ions, salt concentration, solvent/polymer molecular weight, ion pairing, and correlated ion motion. We emphasize universal features in the ion transport and polymer dynamics by highlighting the relevant time and length scales. Several outstanding questions and anticipated developments for electrolyte design are discussed, including the negative transference number, control of ion transport through precision synthesis, and development of predictive multiscale modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yun Son
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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3
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Lebold KM, Noid WG. Dual-potential approach for coarse-grained implicit solvent models with accurate, internally consistent energetics and predictive transferability. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:164113. [PMID: 31675902 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual-potential approach promises coarse-grained (CG) models that accurately reproduce both structural and energetic properties, while simultaneously providing predictive estimates for the temperature-dependence of the effective CG potentials. In this work, we examine the dual-potential approach for implicit solvent CG models that reflect large entropic effects from the eliminated solvent. Specifically, we construct implicit solvent models at various resolutions, R, by retaining a fraction 0.10 ≤ R ≤ 0.95 of the molecules from a simple fluid of Lennard-Jones spheres. We consider the dual-potential approach in both the constant volume and constant pressure ensembles across a relatively wide range of temperatures. We approximate the many-body potential of mean force for the remaining solutes with pair and volume potentials, which we determine via multiscale coarse-graining and self-consistent pressure-matching, respectively. Interestingly, with increasing temperature, the pair potentials appear increasingly attractive, while the volume potentials become increasingly repulsive. The dual-potential approach not only reproduces the atomic energetics but also quite accurately predicts this temperature-dependence. We also derive an exact relationship between the thermodynamic specific heat of an atomic model and the energetic fluctuations that are observable at the CG resolution. With this generalized fluctuation relationship, the approximate CG models quite accurately reproduce the thermodynamic specific heat of the underlying atomic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Lebold
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - W G Noid
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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4
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Frischknecht AL, Paren BA, Middleton LR, Koski JP, Tarver JD, Tyagi M, Soles CL, Winey KI. Chain and Ion Dynamics in Precise Polyethylene Ionomers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Paren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - L. Robert Middleton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jason P. Koski
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jacob D. Tarver
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-1070, United States
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-1070, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Christopher L. Soles
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-1070, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Abbott LJ, Lawson JW. Effects of Side Chain Length on Ionic Aggregation and Dynamics in Polymer Single-Ion Conductors. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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6
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Franco AA, Rucci A, Brandell D, Frayret C, Gaberscek M, Jankowski P, Johansson P. Boosting Rechargeable Batteries R&D by Multiscale Modeling: Myth or Reality? Chem Rev 2019; 119:4569-4627. [PMID: 30859816 PMCID: PMC6460402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses concepts, approaches, tools, and outcomes of multiscale modeling used to design and optimize the current and next generation rechargeable battery cells. Different kinds of multiscale models are discussed and demystified with a particular emphasis on methodological aspects. The outcome is compared both to results of other modeling strategies as well as to the vast pool of experimental data available. Finally, the main challenges remaining and future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A. Franco
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), CNRS UMR
7314, Université de Picardie Jules
Verne, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Rucci
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), CNRS UMR
7314, Université de Picardie Jules
Verne, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Daniel Brandell
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström
Laboratory, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christine Frayret
- Laboratoire
de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), CNRS UMR
7314, Université de Picardie Jules
Verne, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Hub de l’Energie,
15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Miran Gaberscek
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Department
for Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrik Johansson
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, CNRS
FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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7
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Wu S, Liu S, Zhang Z, Chen Q. Dynamics of Telechelic Ionomers with Distribution of Number of Ionic Stickers at Chain Ends. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Wu
- State Key Lab Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Renmin St. 5625, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd., Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Lab Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Renmin St. 5625, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- State Key Lab Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Renmin St. 5625, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Lab Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Renmin St. 5625, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd., Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Frischknecht AL, Winey KI. The evolution of acidic and ionic aggregates in ionomers during microsecond simulations. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:064901. [PMID: 30769997 DOI: 10.1063/1.5085069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed microsecond-long, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on a series of precise poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) ionomers neutralized with lithium, with three different spacer lengths between acid groups on the ionomers and at two temperatures. Ionic aggregates form in these systems with a variety of shapes ranging from isolated aggregates to percolated aggregates. At the lower temperature of 423 K, the ionic aggregate morphologies do not reach a steady-state distribution over the course of the simulations. At the higher temperature of 600 K, the aggregates are sufficiently mobile that they rearrange and reach steady state after hundreds of nanoseconds. For systems that are 100% neutralized with lithium, the ions form percolated aggregates that span the simulation box in three directions, for all three spacer lengths (9, 15, and 21). In the partially neutralized systems, the morphology includes lithium ion aggregates that may also include some unneutralized acid groups, along with a coexisting population of acid group aggregates that form through hydrogen bonding. In the lithium ion aggregates, unneutralized acid groups tend to be found on the ends or sides of the aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie L Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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9
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10
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Keith JR, Mogurampelly S, Aldukhi F, Wheatle BK, Ganesan V. Influence of molecular weight on ion-transport properties of polymeric ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:29134-29145. [PMID: 29085931 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05489k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on polymerized 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium-hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids, studying the influence of the polymer molecular weight on the ion mobilities and the mechanisms underlying ion transport, including ion-association dynamics, ion hopping, and ion-polymer coordinations. With an increase in polymer molecular weight, the diffusivity of the hexafluorophosphate (PF6-) counterion decreases and plateaus above seven repeat units. The diffusivity is seen to correlate well with the ion-association structural relaxation time for pure ionic liquids, but becomes more correlated with ion-association lifetimes for larger molecular weight polymers. By analyzing the diffusivity of ions based on coordination structure, we unearth a transport mechanism in which the PF6- moves by "climbing the ladder" while associated with four polymeric cations from two different polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Keith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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11
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Sampath J, Hall LM. Effect of Neutralization on the Structure and Dynamics of Model Ionomer Melts. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janani Sampath
- William G. Lowrie Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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12
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Dunn NJH, Lebold KM, DeLyser MR, Rudzinski JF, Noid W. BOCS: Bottom-up Open-source Coarse-graining Software. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:3363-3377. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. H. Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Lebold
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Michael R. DeLyser
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joseph F. Rudzinski
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - W.G. Noid
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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13
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Keith JR, Mogurampelly S, Wheatle BK, Ganesan V. Influence of side chain linker length on ion‐transport properties of polymeric ionic liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Keith
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at AustinAustin Texas78712
| | - Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at AustinAustin Texas78712
| | - Bill K. Wheatle
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at AustinAustin Texas78712
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at AustinAustin Texas78712
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14
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Abstract
In this review we summarize recent efforts in understanding nano-aggregation in acid- and ion-containing polymer systems. The acid and ionic groups have specific interactions that drive aggregation and alter polymer behavior at the nano-, micro-, and bulk length scales. Advancements in synthetic methods, characterization techniques, and computer simulations have enabled researchers to better understand the morphologies and dynamics, particularly at the nanoscale. This overview of recent advancements in nano-aggregated polymer systems highlights the current understanding of the field and presents promising directions for future investigations and new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Robert Middleton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
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15
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Rudzinski JF, Lu K, Milner ST, Maranas JK, Noid WG. Extended Ensemble Approach to Transferable Potentials for Low-Resolution Coarse-Grained Models of Ionomers. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:2185-2201. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Rudzinski
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Keran Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott T. Milner
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Janna K. Maranas
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - William G. Noid
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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16
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Lu K, Maranas JK, Milner ST. Depletion attraction of sheet-like ion aggregates in low-dielectric ionomer melts. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:064901. [PMID: 28201882 DOI: 10.1063/1.4973931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionomers are polymers in which an ionic group is covalently bonded to the polymer backbone. Ion aggregates in ionomers have morphologies that allow for the packing of the attached polymer backbone. Using ion-only coarse-grained molecular dynamics, we observe that string-like ion aggregates become flat and sheet-like at lower dielectric constants. A consequence of the changing morphology is that the sheet-like aggregates self-assemble to form ordered, lamellar structures. We use a simple thermodynamic model to demonstrate that depletion attraction mediated by small aggregates can explain the observed order. Our results suggest that depletion attraction can drive ions to form structures that have the size scale suggested by direct visualization, produce the commonly observed experimental correlation peak from X-ray and neutron scattering, and satisfy chain-packing constraints that have been demonstrated to be important in simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keran Lu
- The Pennsylvania State University, 120 Fenske Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Janna K Maranas
- The Pennsylvania State University, 120 Fenske Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Scott T Milner
- The Pennsylvania State University, 120 Fenske Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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17
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LaFemina NH, Chen Q, Colby RH, Mueller KT. The diffusion and conduction of lithium in poly(ethylene oxide)-based sulfonate ionomers. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki H. LaFemina
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Karl T. Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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18
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Dunn NJH, Noid WG. Bottom-up coarse-grained models with predictive accuracy and transferability for both structural and thermodynamic properties of heptane-toluene mixtures. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:204124. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4952422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. H. Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - W. G. Noid
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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19
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Lu K, Maranas JK, Milner ST. Ion-mediated charge transport in ionomeric electrolytes. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3943-3954. [PMID: 27019986 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ionomers, or single-ion conductors, serve as a model system to study ion transport in polymeric systems. Conductivity is a system property that depends on the net charge transport in the system. The mechanism through which ions are transported can dramatically change the contribution of an ion's self-motion (i.e. diffusion coefficient) to the conductivity of the system. For example, positive and negative ions diffusing as a pair have no net contribution to conductivity. In a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation of sodium-neutralized poly(PEO-co-sulfoisophthalate), we show that ion transport is mediated through consecutive coordination with ion pairs and higher order clusters due to the high density of ions. This transport mechanism is highly efficient and shows evidence of cation relaying. We show that larger ion aggregates can serve as ion-conducting paths for positive charges, and demonstrate how a highly ordered ion aggregate network can improve conductivity by enhancing correlated ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keran Lu
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 120 Fenske Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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20
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Mogurampelly S, Borodin O, Ganesan V. Computer Simulations of Ion Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2016; 7:349-71. [PMID: 27070764 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-034655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms and optimizing ion transport in polymer membranes have been the subject of active research for more than three decades. We present an overview of the progress and challenges involved with the modeling and simulation aspects of the ion transport properties of polymer membranes. We are concerned mainly with atomistic and coarser level simulation studies and discuss some salient work in the context of pure binary and single ion conducting polymer electrolytes, polymer nanocomposites, block copolymers, and ionic liquid-based hybrid electrolytes. We conclude with an outlook highlighting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712;
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Electrochemistry Branch, RDRL-SED-C, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783-1138;
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712;
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21
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Vijayaraghavan P, Brown JR, Hall LM. Modeling the Effect of Polymer Composition on Ionic Aggregation in Poly(propylene glycol)‐Based Ionenes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Jonathan R. Brown
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 151 W. Woodruff Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 151 W. Woodruff Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
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22
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Wang JHH, Yang CHC, Masser H, Shiau HS, O’Reilly MV, Winey KI, Runt J, Painter PC, Colby RH. Ion States and Transport in Styrenesulfonate Methacrylic PEO9 Random Copolymer Ionomers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathy Han-Chang Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | | | | | - Michael V. O’Reilly
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
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23
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Buitrago CF, Bolintineanu DS, Seitz ME, Opper KL, Wagener KB, Stevens MJ, Frischknecht AL, Winey KI. Direct Comparisons of X-ray Scattering and Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Precise Acid Copolymers and Ionomers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5022117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan S. Bolintineanu
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | - Kathleen L. Opper
- George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mark J. Stevens
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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Ting CL, Stevens MJ, Frischknecht AL. Structure and Dynamics of Coarse-Grained Ionomer Melts in an External Electric Field. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501916z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Ting
- Sandia
National Laboratories, and ‡Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Mark J. Stevens
- Sandia
National Laboratories, and ‡Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Sandia
National Laboratories, and ‡Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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