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Han J, Zheng F, Chen M, Geng S, Zhang Q, Lin Z, Wu Z, Pu J, Dai H, Zhang X. Visualized concentration sensors based on fluorescence indication in a dye-doped polymer microwire. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4029-4040. [PMID: 36785380 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate visualized microwire sensors based on fluorescence indication for detecting the concentrations of the aqueous solutions. The single Rhodamine (RhB) doped polymer microwires (PMWs) which are excited by the waveguiding excitation method are used as the sensory area. According to the fluorescent microimages of the PMWs, stable periodic oscillations could be observed in the RhB-doped PMWs. The fluorescent period which is dependent on the concentration is further analyzed by image processing and information extraction algorithms. Corresponding to a 1.0% change, the period length change of the visualized sensor reaches ∼380 nm, ∼270 nm, and ∼300 nm in NaCl, KCl, and sucrose solutions, respectively. The dection limits of the three solutions are estimated to be around 1.5 × 10-4%. The dye-doped PMW sensors by fluorescence indication and image analysis proposed here realize the direct visualized detection in concentration sensing, making it possible to avoid the challenges of stability and weak signal detection and offer a potentially stable and cost-effective approach for micro/nanofiber sensor application.
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Tang J, Qiu G, Cao X, deMello A, Wang J. Microfluid Switching-Induced Transient Refractive Interface. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3521-3529. [PMID: 36356161 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The laminar flow interface (LFI) developed at low Reynolds numbers is one of the most prominent features of microscale flows and has been employed in a diverse range of optofluidic applications. The formation of LFIs usually requires the manipulation of multiple streams within a microchannel using a complex hydrodynamic pumping system. Herein, we present a new type of LFI that is generated by fluid switching within a three-dimensional (3D) microlens-incorporating microfluidic chip (3D-MIMC). Since Poiseuille flows exhibit a parabolic velocity profile, the LFI is cone-like in shape and acts as a transient refractive interface (TRI), which is sensitive to the refractive index (RI) and the Péclet number (Pe) of the switching fluids. In response to the TRI, the intensity of the transmitted light can be intensified or attenuated depending on the sequence of fluid switching operations. By incorporating three-dimensional (3D) microlenses and increasing the Pe values, the profile and amplitude of the intensity peak are both significantly improved. The limit of detection (LoD) for a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at Pe = 1363 is as low as 0.001% (w/w), representing an improvement of 1-2 orders of magnitude when compared to existing optofluidic concentration sensors based on intensity modulation. Fluid switching of a variety of inorganic and organic sample fluids confirms that the specific optical response (Kor) correlates positively with both Pe and the specific RI (Knc), obeying a linear relationship. This model is further verified through cross-validations and used to estimate the molecular diffusion coefficient (D) of a range of species. Furthermore, by virtue of the TRI, we achieve a sensitive measurement of optical-equivalent total dissolved solids (OE-TDS) for environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiukai Tang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich8093, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf8600, Switzerland
| | - Guangyu Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich8093, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf8600, Switzerland.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Xiaobao Cao
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich8093, Switzerland.,Guangzhou Lab, International Bio Island, Haizhu District, Guangzhou510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Andrew deMello
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich8093, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf8600, Switzerland
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Kerschbaumer NM, Fochler LI, Reichenspurner M, Rieger S, Fedoruk M, Feldmann J, Lohmüller T. Twisted light Michelson interferometer for high precision refractive index measurements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:29722-29734. [PMID: 36299140 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using orbital angular momentum beams in a Michelson interferometer opens the possibility for non-invasive measurements of refractive index changes down to 10-6 refractive index units. We demonstrate the application of a twisted light interferometer to directly measure the concentration of NaCl and glucose solutions label-free and in situ and to monitor temperature differences in the mK-µK range. From these measurements we can extract a correlation of the refractive index to concentration and to temperature from a liquid sample which is in good agreement with literature. Applying this type of twisted light interferometry yields a novel, robust, and easily implementable method for in situ monitoring of concentration and temperature changes in microfluidic samples.
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Peng W. In-fibre micro-channel: its potential for in-fibre detection. Analyst 2022; 147:828-833. [PMID: 35103720 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Micro-channels (μ-channels) in microstructure fibres can be regarded as natural in-fibre flow channels. Thus, the advent of microstructure fibres with μ-channels makes it possible to realize in-fibre integrated microfluidic devices, and microstructure fibres with μ-channels provide the possibility of creating new online monitoring systems and define new concepts. Herein, we developed a novel compact in-fibre detection platform, which is combined with a μ-channel in a new-type microstructure fibre, side-hole fibre, for in-fibre detection. The optical component of this proposed in-fibre detection platform is made of a simple cross-axial open-cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer. This miniaturized cross-axial open-cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer is formed by a 45°-angled side-hole fibre, which is fabricated by a simple end-face polishing process. For a 45°-angled fibre, the incident optical axis can be steered based on total internal reflection at the oblique fibre-air interface, and the reflected light will enter the side-hole μ-channel, and the front and rear inner μ-channel walls form the cavity; the natural in-fibre μ-channel functions as a (liquid/gas) flow channel. Experimentally, this proposed in-fibre detection platform was fabricated, and its spectral characteristics were investigated. Its relative humidity characteristics and potential application in breath sensing were calibrated by measuring the evolution of the reflection spectrum. As a whole, the proposed detection platform demonstrates the advantages of simple structure, easy fabrication without additional sensitive materials, and potential application in breath sensing or lab-in-fibre technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpu Zhang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Tang J, Qiu G, Zhang X, Wang J. A 3D-cascade-microlens optofluidic chip for refractometry with adjustable sensitivity. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3784-3792. [PMID: 34581391 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00570g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Refractive index (RI) sensing as a label-free and non-invasive method has been playing an important role in industrial metrology, biochemical detection, and environmental analysis. Due to the combined advantages of microoptics and microfluidics, optofluidic RI sensors have attracted growing interest. Despite a variety of prototypes of optofluidic RI sensors, comprehensive improvement in sensitivity, detection range, fabrication procedures and cost can still bring substantial benefits to the field. In this work, we fabricated a 3D-cascade-microlens optofluidic chip (3DCMOC) for RI sensing. Two-photon stereolithography was employed to fabricate the chip mold, with which the 3DCMOC could be easily manufactured via mold replication. By virtue of integrating four detection channels configured with different numbers (1, 3, 5, and 7) of cascaded microlenses within the 3DCMOC, adjustable sensitivity for RI sensing has been demonstrated through measuring standard sucrose solutions. It was found that the seven-microlens configuration achieved an excellent sensitivity (mean: 21 ± 5 AU·RIU (refractive index unit)-1) and resolution (mean: 3.8 × 10-5 ± 0.9 × 10-5 RIU) at a cost of a narrow linear dynamic range (LDR, 1.3326-1.3548). In contrast, the single-microlens configuration led to an extended LDR (1.3326-1.5120 tested) despite the lower sensitivity (mean: 2.6 ± 0.2 AU·RIU-1) and resolution (mean: 1.5 × 10-4 ± 0.1 × 10-4 RIU). Furthermore, the use of the 3DCMOC was investigated via real-time salinity sensing and analysis of urine specific gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiukai Tang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Guangyu Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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Liu X, Liu Y, Wang Z. A twist sensor based on polarization-maintaining fibers with different cladding diameters. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0003338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350,
China
| | - Yange Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350,
China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350,
China
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Zu L, Zhang H, Miao Y, Li B, Yao J. Microfiber coupler with a Sagnac loop for water pollution detection. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:5859-5864. [PMID: 31503887 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.005859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of chloride ion concentrations has been studied for the purpose of monitoring the quality of water resources. In this paper, a chloride ion sensor based on a microfiber coupler with a Sagnac loop is proposed. The microfiber coupler, which acts as the sensing unit and has a diameter of 10 μm and a length of 1 mm, is fabricated using the flame-brushing technique, and the two ends are connected to form a Sagnac loop, which acts as a reflector to enhance the reflection in the structure. Experimental results show that the sensitivity reaches a maximum of 423 pm/‰ and that the detection limit for the chloride ion concentration is 0.447‰ at a wavelength of 1595 nm. The proposed sensor is characterized by a simple and easy manufacturing process, compact structure, and low cost; further, this sensing unit has great potential for applications in marine chloride detection and environmental safety monitoring, especially for monitoring building corrosion and water pollution.
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Tu X, Luo Y, Huang T, Gan J, Song C. Optofluidic refractive index sensor based on asymmetric diffraction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17809-17818. [PMID: 31252734 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel optofluidic refracrtive index (RI) sensor was proposed based on asymmetric Fraunhofer diffraction. In-plane optofluidic lens, light source, slit, diffraction pattern visualization zone and optical path were integrated into the microfluidic networks to avoid the manual alignment of the optical components as well as to reduce the cost of external bulky components. Unlike the conventional RI sensor, this device visualizes the bulk refractive index change of the liquid through a diffraction image, which is readily read-out for clinical diagnosis right at the point-of-care or on-site security check. In the experiment, the device can measure a RI change of as low as ~10-5 RIU. A low noise-equivalent detection limit (NEDL) of ~10-6 refractive index unit (RIU) and high sensitivity of ~1.1 × 104/RIU were achieved. The new device is practical and suitable to be extended for high throughput applications by simultaneously reading multiple chips with an 2D-array image sensor.
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9
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Yang F, Hlushko R, Wu D, Sukhishvili SA, Du H, Tian F. Ocean Salinity Sensing Using Long-Period Fiber Gratings Functionalized with Layer-by-Layer Hydrogels. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2134-2141. [PMID: 31459461 PMCID: PMC6648596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, accurate, and real-time measurements of ocean salinity are of great importance for a host of scientific, commercial, and defense applications. We demonstrate a highly sensitive, fast-responding fiber-optic salinity sensor that integrates long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) with ionic strength-responsive hydrogel. The submicron-thick hydrogel was synthesized via layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly of partially quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (qP4VP) and poly(acrylic acid), followed by chemical cross-linking. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurement of a hydrogel made of 37% quaternized qP4VP showed robust and reversible swelling/deswelling in solutions with salt concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 M (22.8-44.7 g/kg) around pH 8.1. The swelling/deswelling process induced large changes in the refractive index of the hydrogel, leading to resultant shift in the resonance wavelength (RW) of LPFGs. The salinity-dependent optical response of the hydrogel-coated LPFGs is in good agreement with ellipsometry measurement. LPFGs coated with the hydrogel exhibited a sensitivity of 7 nm RW shift/M (125.5 pm/‰) with a measurement time less than 5 s. The shift in the resonance wavelength correlated linearly with salt concentration, making quantification of measured salinity straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Raman Hlushko
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Svetlana A. Sukhishvili
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Henry Du
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Fei Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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Li C, Bai G, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Jian A. Optofluidics Refractometers. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E136. [PMID: 30424070 PMCID: PMC6187763 DOI: 10.3390/mi9030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Refractometry is a classic analytical method in analytical chemistry and biosensing. By integrating advanced micro- and nano-optical systems with well-developed microfluidics technology, optofluidics are shown to be a powerful, smart and universal platform for refractive index sensing applications. This paper reviews recent work on optofluidic refractometers based on different sensing mechanisms and structures (e.g., photonic crystal/photonic crystal fibers, waveguides, whisper gallery modes and surface plasmon resonance), and traces the performance enhancement due to the synergistic integration of optics and microfluidics. A brief discussion of future trends in optofluidic refractometers, namely volume sensing and resolution enhancement, are also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No. 10, Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100876, China.
| | - Gang Bai
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Shanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No. 10, Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100876, China.
| | - Aoqun Jian
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Shanxi Province and Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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Zhang N, Li K, Cui Y, Wu Z, Shum PP, Auguste JL, Dinh XQ, Humbert G, Wei L. Ultra-sensitive chemical and biological analysis via specialty fibers with built-in microstructured optofluidic channels. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:655-661. [PMID: 29362756 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
All-in-fiber optofluidics is an analytical tool that provides enhanced sensing performance with simplified analyzing system design. Currently, its advance is limited either by complicated liquid manipulation and light injection configuration or by low sensitivity resulting from inadequate light-matter interaction. In this work, we design and fabricate a side-channel photonic crystal fiber (SC-PCF) and exploit its versatile sensing capabilities in in-line optofluidic configurations. The built-in microfluidic channel of the SC-PCF enables strong light-matter interaction and easy lateral access of liquid samples in these analytical systems. In addition, the sensing performance of the SC-PCF is demonstrated with methylene blue for absorptive molecular detection and with human cardiac troponin T protein by utilizing a Sagnac interferometry configuration for ultra-sensitive and specific biomolecular specimen detection. Owing to the features of great flexibility and compactness, high-sensitivity to the analyte variation, and efficient liquid manipulation/replacement, the demonstrated SC-PCF offers a generic solution to be adapted to various fiber-waveguide sensors to detect a wide range of analytes in real time, especially for applications from environmental monitoring to biological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. and CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Kaiwei Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. and CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Zhifang Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. and CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Perry Ping Shum
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. and CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Jean-Louis Auguste
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS, University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Xuan Quyen Dinh
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore and Thales Solutions Asia Pte Ltd, R&T Centre, 28 Changi North Rise, Singapore
| | - Georges Humbert
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS, University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. and CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
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Zhang N, Humbert G, Wu Z, Li K, Shum PP, Zhang NMY, Cui Y, Auguste JL, Dinh XQ, Wei L. In-line optofluidic refractive index sensing in a side-channel photonic crystal fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:27674-27682. [PMID: 27906336 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.027674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An in-line optofluidic refractive index (RI) sensing platform is constructed by splicing a side-channel photonic crystal fiber (SC-PCF) with side-polished single mode fibers. A long-period grating (LPG) combined with an intermodal interference between LP01 and LP11 core modes is used for sensing the RI of the liquid in the side channel. The resonant dip shows a nonlinear wavelength shift with increasing RI over the measured range from 1.3330 to 1.3961. The RI response of this sensing platform for a low RI range of 1.3330-1.3780 is approximately linear, and exhibits a sensitivity of 1145 nm/RIU. Besides, the detection limit of our sensing scheme is improved by around one order of magnitude by introducing the intermodal interference.
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Tian J, Lu Z, Quan M, Jiao Y, Yao Y. Fast response Fabry-Perot interferometer microfluidic refractive index fiber sensor based on concave-core photonic crystal fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:20132-20142. [PMID: 27607621 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a fast response microfluidic Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer refractive index (RI) fiber sensor based on a concave-core photonic crystal fiber (CPCF), which is formed by directly splicing a section CPCF with a section of single mode fiber. The CPCF is made by cleaving a section of multimode photonic crystal fiber with an axial tension. The shallow concave-core of CPCF naturally forms the FP cavity with a very short cavity length. The inherent large air holes in the cladding of CPCF are used as the open channels to let liquid sample come in and out of FP cavity. In order to shorten the liquid channel length and eliminate the harmful reflection from the outside end face of the CPCF, the CPCF is cleaved with a tilted tensile force. Due to the very small cavity capacity, the short length and the large sectional area of the microfluidic channels, the proposed sensor provides an easy-in and easy-out structure for liquids, leading to great decrement of the measuring time. The proposed sensor exhibits fast measuring speed, the measuring time is less than 359 and 23 ms for distilled water and pure ethanol, respectively. We also experimentally study and demonstrate the superior performances of the sensor in terms of high RI sensitivity, good linear response, low temperature cross-sensitivity and easy fabrication.
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Kong X, Ye B, Yang Z, Chen B, Ling Y. Simultaneous detection of platelet-specific antibodies based on a photonic crystal-encoded suspension array. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 458:72-7. [PMID: 27129630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appearance of antibodies to platelets in the blood is an important cause of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and platelet glycoprotein (GP)-specific antibody detection may be helpful to diagnose this condition. METHODS Photonic crystal microspheres with different distinct reflection spectra were coated with anti-GPIIb, -GPIIIa, -GPIb and -GPIX monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to create a photonic crystal-encoded suspension array (PCSA). Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled goat anti-human IgG was added to detect human IgG simultaneously. The detection results were analysed by fluorescence microscopy. Parallel MoAb immobilization of platelet antigen (MAIPA) was used as a reference test. Both methods were used to analyse 63 clinical samples including serum from 32 ITP patients and 31 healthy humans. RESULTS The PCSA showed greater sensitivity than MAIPA in detecting anti-GPIIb (75.0% vs 31.1%) and GPIIIa (84.4% vs 40.6%) antibodies and similar sensitivity as MAIPA in detecting anti-GPIb (37.5% vs 34.4%) and GPIX (50.0% vs 40.8%) antibodies. The MAIPA and PCSA tests had similar specificity. The PCSA detected higher dilutions of serum containing anti-GPIIIa antibody or anti-GPIIb antibody than did MAIPA. The entire testing process was controlled within 3.5h. CONCLUSIONS The PCSA assay described has comparable or better sensitivity and specificity compared to the MAIPA and is more rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Baofen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zixue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yun Ling
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China; Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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