1
|
Svensson Grape E, Rooth V, Nero M, Willhammar T, Inge AK. Structure of the active pharmaceutical ingredient bismuth subsalicylate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1984. [PMID: 35418171 PMCID: PMC9008038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure determination of pharmaceutical compounds is invaluable for drug development but remains challenging for those that form as small crystals with defects. Bismuth subsalicylate, among the most commercially significant bismuth compounds, is an active ingredient in over-the-counter medications such as Pepto-Bismol, used to treat dyspepsia and H. pylori infections. Despite its century-long history, the structure of bismuth subsalicylate is still under debate. Here we show that advanced electron microscopy techniques, namely three-dimensional electron diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy, can give insight into the structure of active pharmaceutical ingredients that are difficult to characterize using conventional methods due to their small size or intricate structural features. Hierarchical clustering analysis of three-dimensional electron diffraction data from ordered crystals of bismuth subsalicylate revealed a layered structure. A detailed investigation using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy showed variations in the stacking of layers, the presence of which has likely hindered structure solution by other means. Together, these modern electron crystallography techniques provide a toolbox for structure determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug discovery, demonstrated by this study of bismuth subsalicylate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Svensson Grape
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Rooth
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Nero
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Willhammar
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Ken Inge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Andleeb S, Imtiaz-ud-Din. Recent progress in designing the synthetic strategies for bismuth based complexes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
3
|
Labeling Stem Cells with a New Hybrid Bismuth/Carbon Nanotube Contrast Agent for X-Ray Imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:2183051. [PMID: 31281232 PMCID: PMC6594287 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2183051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The poor retention and survival of cells after transplantation to solid tissue represent a major obstacle for the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapies. The ability to track stem cells in vivo can lead to a better understanding of the biodistribution of transplanted cells, in addition to improving the analysis of stem cell therapies' outcomes. Here, we described the use of a carbon nanotube-based contrast agent (CA) for X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging as an intracellular CA to label bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Porcine MSCs were labeled without observed cytotoxicity. The CA consists of a hybrid material containing ultra-short single-walled carbon nanotubes (20-80 nm in length, US-tubes) and Bi(III) oxo-salicylate clusters which contain four Bi3+ ions per cluster (Bi4C). The CA is thus abbreviated as Bi4C@US-tubes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wrobel L, Rüffer T, Korb M, Krautscheid H, Meyer J, Andrews PC, Lang H, Mehring M. Homo- and Heteroleptic Coordination Polymers and Oxido Clusters of Bismuth(III) Vinylsulfonates. Chemistry 2018; 24:16630-16644. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Wrobel
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Harald Krautscheid
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Leipzig; 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Jens Meyer
- STOE & Cie GmbH; 64295 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Philip C. Andrews
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weber M, Thiele G, Dornsiepen E, Weimann DP, Schalley CA, Dehnen S, Mehring M. Impact of the Exchange of the Coordinating Solvent Shell in [Bi38
O45
(OMc)24
(dmso)9
] by Alcohols: Crystal Structure, Gas Phase Stability, and Thermoanalysis. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Weber
- Professur Koordinationschemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; Strasse der Nationen 62 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Günther Thiele
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckestrasse 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Eike Dornsiepen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW); Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Dominik P. Weimann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW); Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Professur Koordinationschemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; Strasse der Nationen 62 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Preda AM, Schneider WB, Rainer M, Rüffer T, Schaarschmidt D, Lang H, Mehring M. Heteroaryl bismuthines: a novel synthetic concept and metalπ heteroarene interactions. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:8269-8278. [PMID: 28617492 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01437f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The alkoxide Bi[OCMe2(2-C4H3S)]3 (1) is formed by the reaction of three equiv. of the alcohol HOCMe2(2-C4H3S) with Bi(OtBu)3 and subsequent hydrolysis provides the bismuth oxido cluster [Bi4O2{OCMe2(2-C4H3S)}8] (2). In contrast, the reaction of Bi(OtBu)3 and Bi[N(SiMe3)2]3 with the silanols HOSiMe2(2-C4H3X) (X = O, S, Se, and NMe), HOSiMe2(2-C4H2S-5-SiMe3) and HOSiMe2(3-C4H3S) leads to the formation of tris(heteroaryl)bismuthines Bi(2-C4H2X-5-R)3 [where X = O, R = H (3); X = S, R = H (4); X = S, R = SiMe3 (5); X = NMe, R = H (6); X = Se, R = H (7)] and Bi(3-C4H3S)3 (8). For the silanols, bismuth-carbon bond formation is observed rather than silanol-alcoholate or silanol-amide exchange. The structures of compounds 1, 2, and 4-7a in the solid state were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction and all compounds except 5 show London dispersion type bismuthπ heteroarene interactions. For the bismuthine Bi(2-C4H3Se)3 (7), two polymorphs were isolated depending on the conditions of crystallization. At 8 °C, polymorph I (7a) crystallizes from an n-hexane solution in the triclinic space group P1[combining macron], whereas polymorph II (7b) crystallizes at 20 °C from a CH2Cl2/n-pentane solution in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The heteroaryl bismuthines 3 and 4 exhibit 2D network structures as a result of bismuthπ heteroarene interactions, whereas for the pyrrole derivative 6 the dispersion type interactions provide separated dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Preda
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanaya T, Suzuki K, Sato R, Yamaguchi K, Mizuno N. Creation of bismuth-tungsten oxide nanoclusters using lacunary polyoxometalates. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:7384-7387. [PMID: 28540948 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three types of heterometallic bismuth-tungsten oxide nanoclusters were successfully synthesized by the reactions of lacunary silicotungstates (trivacant [A-α-SiW9O34]10- and divacant [γ-SiW10O36]8-) and Bi3+ in organic solvents. Lone pairs on Bi3+ acted as structure-directing groups in these nanoclusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Hanaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adcock AK, Batrice RJ, Bertke JA, Knope KE. Structural Diversity of Bismuth(III) Thiophenemonocarboxylates Isolated from Aqueous Solutions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa K. Adcock
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets, NW 20057 Washington DC USA
| | - Rami J. Batrice
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets, NW 20057 Washington DC USA
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets, NW 20057 Washington DC USA
| | - Karah E. Knope
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets, NW 20057 Washington DC USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Andleeb S, Donaldson SL, Schipper DE, Loera Fernandez II, ud Din I, Whitmire KH. Anionic Bismuth Oxido Clusters with Pendant Silver Cations: Synthesis and Structures of {[Bi
4
(µ
3
‐O)
2
(TFA)
9
Ag(tol)
2
]
2
} and {Bi
4
(µ
3
‐O)
2
(TFA)
10
(AgPPh
3
)
2
}
n. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohaila Andleeb
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐e‐Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Desmond E. Schipper
- Department of Chemistry, MS 60 Rice University 6100 Main St. 77005 Houston TX USA
| | | | - Imtiaz ud Din
- Department of Chemistry, MS 60 Rice University 6100 Main St. 77005 Houston TX USA
| | - Kenton H. Whitmire
- Department of Chemistry, MS 60 Rice University 6100 Main St. 77005 Houston TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hernández-Rivera M, Kumar I, Cho SY, Cheong BY, Pulikkathara MX, Moghaddam SE, Whitmire KH, Wilson LJ. High-Performance Hybrid Bismuth-Carbon Nanotube Based Contrast Agent for X-ray CT Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5709-5716. [PMID: 28072512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used for a plethora of biomedical applications, including their use as delivery vehicles for drugs, imaging agents, proteins, DNA, and other materials. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new CNT-based contrast agent (CA) for X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging. The CA is a hybrid material derived from ultrashort single-walled carbon nanotubes (20-80 nm long, US-tubes) and Bi(III) oxo-salicylate clusters with four Bi(III) ions per cluster (Bi4C). The element bismuth was chosen over iodine, which is the conventional element used for CT CAs in the clinic today due to its high X-ray attenuation capability and its low toxicity, which makes bismuth a more-promising element for new CT CA design. The new CA contains 20% by weight bismuth with no detectable release of bismuth after a 48 h challenge by various biological media at 37 °C, demonstrating the presence of a strong interaction between the two components of the hybrid material. The performance of the new Bi4C@US-tubes solid material as a CT CA has been assessed using a clinical scanner and found to possess an X-ray attenuation ability of >2000 Hounsfield units (HU).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Hernández-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry MS-60, Rice University , P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry MS-60, Rice University , P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephen Y Cho
- Department of Chemistry MS-60, Rice University , P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Benjamin Y Cheong
- CHI St. Luke's Health - Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center , 6720 Bertner Avenue, MC 2-270 Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | - Sakineh E Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry MS-60, Rice University , P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kenton H Whitmire
- Department of Chemistry MS-60, Rice University , P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Lon J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry MS-60, Rice University , P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wrobel L, Rüffer T, Korb M, Lang H, Mehring M. Bismuth(III) Anthranilates - Synthesis and Characterization of a Coordination Polymer and a Polynuclear Oxido Cluster. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Wrobel
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften; Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Loera Fernandez II, Donaldson SL, Schipper DE, Andleeb S, Whitmire KH. Anionic Bismuth-Oxido Carboxylate Clusters with Transition Metal Countercations. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11560-11569. [PMID: 27740751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Six new anionic bismuth-oxido clusters containing trifluoroacetate ligands were prepared. These include two new Bi6O8 clusters: [M(NCMe)2(H2O)4]3[Bi6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4(CF3CO2)12] with an octahedral Bi6O4(OH)4 core (M = Ni, 1a; Co, 1b) and four Bi4O2 clusters, {[Co(NCMe)6][Bi4(μ3-O)2(CF3CO2)10]}n (2a), {[Co{HC(MeCO)2(MeCNH)}2][Bi4(μ3-O)2(CF3CO2)10]·2[CF3CO2]·2[CF3CO2H]·2[H2O]}n (2b), {[Cu(NCMe)4]2[Bi4(μ3-O)2(CF3CO2)10]·2[CF3CO2H]}n (2c), and {[Me4N]2[Bi4(μ3-O)2(CF3CO2)10]·2[CF3CO2H]}n (2d). These are among the first bismuth-oxido anionic clusters synthesized, and the first to have transition metal countercations. The Bi6O8 anion in 1a and 1b is a high-symmetry octahedron. Additionally, two of the new Bi4O2 clusters are arranged in 1D polymeric structures via bridging carboxylate ligands. The cation in compound 2c had not been previously characterized and was also observed in the synthesis of [Co{HC(MeCO)2(MeCNH)}2][Bi(NO3)6] (3). The new compounds were characterized using single crystal X-ray crystallography and elemental analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael I Loera Fernandez
- Chemistry Department, Rice University , 6100 Main St. MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Samantha L Donaldson
- Chemistry Department, Rice University , 6100 Main St. MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Desmond E Schipper
- Chemistry Department, Rice University , 6100 Main St. MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sohaila Andleeb
- Chemistry Department, Rice University , 6100 Main St. MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kenton H Whitmire
- Chemistry Department, Rice University , 6100 Main St. MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Design and synthesis of two luminescent Zn(II)-based coordination polymers with different structures regulated by different solvent system. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Metal Oxido Clusters of Group 13–15 Elements. CLUSTERS – CONTEMPORARY INSIGHT IN STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Kumar I, Bhattacharya P, Whitmire KH. Structural diversity in phenyl bismuth(III) bis(carboxylate) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
16
|
Kumar I, Andrews P, Whitmire KH. The Unexpected Isolation of Bismuth Tris(carboxylate) Hydrates: Syntheses and Structures of [Bi(Hsal)3(H2O)] and [Bi(Hanth)3(H2O)] (H2sal = 2-OH-C6H4CO2H, Hanth = 2-NH2-C6H4CO2H). Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201403019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
17
|
Schlesinger M, Pathak A, Richter S, Sattler D, Seifert A, Rüffer T, Andrews PC, Schalley CA, Lang H, Mehring M. Salicylate‐Functionalized Bismuth Oxido Clusters: Hydrolysis Processes and Microbiological Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maik Schlesinger
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, http://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/koord/
| | - Amita Pathak
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sebastian Richter
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Sattler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Seifert
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Polymerchemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Philip C. Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, http://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/koord/
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumar I, Bhattacharya P, Whitmire KH. Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Triphenylbismuth(V) Bis(carboxylate) Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500337z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ish Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, MS60, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Prateek Bhattacharya
- Department
of Chemistry, MS60, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Kenton H. Whitmire
- Department
of Chemistry, MS60, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| |
Collapse
|