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Davison N, McMullin CL, Zhang L, Hu SX, Waddell PG, Wills C, Dixon C, Lu E. Li vs Na: Divergent Reaction Patterns between Organolithium and Organosodium Complexes and Ligand-Catalyzed Ketone/Aldehyde Methylenation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6562-6576. [PMID: 36890641 PMCID: PMC10037334 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Organosodium chemistry is underdeveloped compared with organolithium chemistry, and all the reported organosodium complexes exhibit similar, if not identical, reactivity patterns to their lithium counterparts. Herein, we report a rare organosodium monomeric complex, namely, [Na(CH2SiMe3)(Me6Tren)] (1-Na) (Me6Tren: tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine) stabilized by a tetra-dentate neutral amine ligand Me6Tren. Employing organo-carbonyl substrates (ketones, aldehydes, amides, ester), we demonstrated that 1-Na features distinct reactivity patterns compared with its lithium counterpart, [Li(CH2SiMe3)(Me6Tren)] (1-Li). Based on this knowledge, we further developed a ligand-catalysis strategy to conduct ketone/aldehyde methylenations, using [NaCH2SiMe3]∞ as the CH2 feedstock, replacing the widely used but hazardous/expensive C═O methylenation methods, such as Wittig, Tebbe, Julia/Julia-Kocieński, Peterson, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davison
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Paul G Waddell
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Corinne Wills
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Casey Dixon
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Erli Lu
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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2
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Hung TY, Kuck D, Chow HF. Donor-Acceptor Tribenzotriquinacene-Based Molecular Wizard Hats Bearing Three ortho-Benzoquinone Units. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203749. [PMID: 36585931 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two π-extended bay-bridged tribenzotriquinacenes ("TBTQ wizard hats") 12 and 16 bearing three mutually conjugated, alternating veratrole-type and ortho-benzoquinone units were synthesized. The electronic properties of these complementarily arranged, nonplanar push-pull systems are affected by the fusion with the rigid, C3 -symmetric TBTQ core to a different extent, as revealed by X-ray structural analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclovoltammetry. The combination of three quinone units within the original TBTQ core and three veratrole-type bay bridging units in 12 gives rise to a more efficiently π-conjugated chromophore, as reflected by the shallower shape of wizard hat and its absorption in the visible up to 750 nm in comparison to 16. Congener 12 contains an aromatic 18-π electron system in contrast to the cross-conjugated analog 16. X-ray structure analysis of the precursor dodecaether 15 revealed the formation of a cage-like supramolecular dimer, in which the peripheral dioxane-type ether groups interlace by twelve noncovalent C-H⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅O bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Yu Hung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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3
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Buchner MR, Thomas-Hargreaves LR. s-Block chemistry in weakly coordinating solvents. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16916-16922. [PMID: 34738606 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03443j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline earth metal catalysis has been a growing field in recent years. To enhance reactivity and to understand the metal-substrate interactions in more detail, reactions are increasingly carried out in weakly coordinating solvents. This article gives an overview over the two main approaches to facilitate this, which are either through the employment of highly dipolar haloaryls as solvents, or by increasing the solubility of the ligand systems. The resulting coordination modes and reactivities are presented together with the synthetic strategies. Additionally, the latest results of group 1 complex chemistry in aliphatic solvents are illustrated and future challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lewis R Thomas-Hargreaves
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Zhu Y, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Two-Fold Reduction of Dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene with Group 1 Metals: From Lithium to Cesium. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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5
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Lucchesini F, Grasse M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Tellenbröker J, Kuck D. Merging Tribenzotriquinacene and Triptycene. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lucchesini
- Department of Pharmacy; Università degli Studi di Genova; Viale Cembrano 4 16147 Genova Italy
| | - Michael Grasse
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jörg Tellenbröker
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
- Center for Molecular Materials (CM; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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6
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Kuck D, Linke J, Teichmann LC, Barth D, Tellenbröker J, Gestmann D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Bögge H. Centrohexaindane: six benzene rings mutually fixed in three dimensions - solid-state structure and six-fold nitration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11722-37. [PMID: 26728545 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07005h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The solid-state molecular structure of centrohexaindane (), a unique hydrocarbon comprising six benzene rings clamped to each other in three dimensions around a neopentane core, and the molecular packing in crystals of ·CHCl3 are reported. The molecular Td-symmetry and the Cartesian orientation of the six indane wings of in the solid state have been confirmed. The course and limitation of electrophilic aromatic substitution of are demonstrated for the case of nitration. Based on nitration experiments of a lower congener of , tribenzotriquinacene , the six-fold nitrofunctionalisation of has been achieved in excellent yield, giving four constitutional isomers, two nonsymmetrical ( and ) and two C3-symmetrical ones ( and ), all of which contain one single nitro group in each of the six benzene rings. The relative yields of the four isomers (∼3 : 1 : 1 : 3) point to a random electrophilic attack of the electrophiles at the twelve formally equivalent outer positions of the aromatic periphery of , suggesting electronic independence of its six aromatic π-electron systems. In turn, the pronounced conformational rigidity of the centrohexacyclic framework of enables the unequivocal structural identification of the isomeric hexanitrocentrohexaindanes by (1)H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jens Linke
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Lisa Christin Teichmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Dieter Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Jörg Tellenbröker
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Detlef Gestmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beate Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Bögge
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Greschner W, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Gröger H, Kuck D. Enantiomerically Pure Tribenzotriquinacenes through Stereoselective Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13764-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Greschner W, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Gröger H, Kuck D. Enantiomerenreine Tribenzotriquinacene durch stereoselektive Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Mughal EU, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Li ZM, Wei J, Kuck D, Cao X. Tribenzotriquinacene-Based Triscyclophanes: Intra- and Inter-WingC3v-Symmetrical Extension of the Bowl-Shaped Tribenzotriquinacene Core. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Mughal EU, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Kuck D. Tribenzotriquinacenes that Bear Three Peripheral Pentaphenylphenyl Residues: Steric Crowding at a Bowl-Shaped Core. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Sumner NJ, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Zabula AV, Petrukhina MA. Double-Concave Binding of Bicorannulenyl Dianion: Cesium vs Lithium Salts. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500396m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Sumner
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Sarah N. Spisak
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Alexander V. Zabula
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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