1
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Blilid S, Boundor M, Katir N, El Achaby M, Lahcini M, Majoral JP, Bousmina M, El Kadib A. Expanding Chitosan Reticular Chemistry Using Multifunctional and Thermally Stable Phosphorus-Containing Dendrimers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blilid
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070 Fès, Morocco
- IMED-Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, B.P. 549, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Boundor
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070 Fès, Morocco
| | - Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070 Fès, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660−Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Lahcini
- IMED-Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, B.P. 549, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660−Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Jean Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Mosto Bousmina
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070 Fès, Morocco
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070 Fès, Morocco
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2
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Kacem M, Katir N, El Haskouri J, Essoumhi A, El Kadib A. Gold nanoparticles grown on a hydrophobic and texturally tunable PDMS-like framework. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00274k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sol-gel analogue of PDMS was used to built hydrophobic siloxane supports, while confining gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieme Kacem
- Euromed Research Center
- Engineering Division
- Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF)
- Route de Meknes
- Rond-point de Bensouda
| | - Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Center
- Engineering Division
- Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF)
- Route de Meknes
- Rond-point de Bensouda
| | - Jamal El Haskouri
- Instituto de Ciència de los Materials de la Universidad de Valencia
- Calle catedratico José Beltran
- 2 CP 46980 Paterna Valencia
- Spain
| | - Abdellatif Essoumhi
- Chemicals Process and Applied Materials
- Polydisciplinary Faculty
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University
- 23000 Beni Mellal
- Morocco
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center
- Engineering Division
- Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF)
- Route de Meknes
- Rond-point de Bensouda
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3
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Majoral JP, Zablocka M, Ciepluch K, Milowska K, Bryszewska M, Shcharbin D, Katir N, El Kadib A, Caminade AM, Mignani S. Hybrid phosphorus–viologen dendrimers as new soft nanoparticles: design and properties. Org Chem Front 2021; 8:4607-4622. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
Abstract
Design of new families of dendritic soft nanoparticles constituted of phosphorus, viologen and carbosilane fragments and their properties as nanomaterials and applications in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- CNRS
- UPR 8241
- 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4
- France
| | - Maria Zablocka
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Science
- 90001 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Karol Ciepluch
- Division of Medical Biology
- Jan Kochanowski University
- Kielce
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Milowska
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- Lodz
- Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- Lodz
- Poland
| | | | - Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Center
- Engineering Division
- Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF)
- Fès
- Morocco
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center
- Engineering Division
- Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF)
- Fès
- Morocco
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- CNRS
- UPR 8241
- 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4
- France
| | - Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique
- Université Paris Descartes
- PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité
- CNRS UMR 860
- 75006 Paris
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4
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Katir N, Benayad A, Rouchon D, Marcotte N, El Brahmi N, Majoral JP, Bousmina M, El Kadib A. Interfacial complexation driven three-dimensional assembly of cationic phosphorus dendrimers and graphene oxide sheets. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:314-321. [PMID: 36132467 PMCID: PMC9473195 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High content nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus heteroatoms assembled in tree-like dendrimers (DG n ) are confined within the galleries of two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO). The presence of the ternary diethyl-N-ethyl-ammonium groups on the dendrimer peripheries ensures the exfoliation of graphene sheets thereby affording interfacially bridged, three-dimensional heteroatom-enriched graphene-based hybrid nanostructures (DG n -GO). Dendrimer generation (from 1 to 4) that reflects the bulkiness of these conceived nano-trees impacts increasingly the degree of dispersion-exfoliation and sheet desordering. The long-term stability of these aqueous suspensions associated with their handling flexibility allows uniform accommodation of the resulting hybrid materials as flame-retardants in bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez (UEMF) Route de Meknes 30000 Fès Morocco
| | - Anass Benayad
- CEA, LITEN, Department of Nanomaterials, MINATEC 17 rue des martyrs F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 09 France
| | - Denis Rouchon
- CEA, LETI, Department of Nanomaterials Minatec Campus F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 09 France
| | - Nathalie Marcotte
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253, CNRS/ENSCM/UM 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale Montpellier F-34295 Cedex France
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez (UEMF) Route de Meknes 30000 Fès Morocco
| | - Jean Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC) CNRS 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Mosto Bousmina
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez (UEMF) Route de Meknes 30000 Fès Morocco
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez (UEMF) Route de Meknes 30000 Fès Morocco
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5
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Interactions gold/phosphorus dendrimers. Versatile ways to hybrid organic–metallic macromolecules. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Peña-González CE, Pedziwiatr-Werbicka E, Martín-Pérez T, Szewczyk EM, Copa-Patiño JL, Soliveri J, Pérez-Serrano J, Gómez R, Bryszewska M, Sánchez-Nieves J, de la Mata FJ. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of dendronized silver and gold nanoparticles with cationic carbosilane dendrons. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:55-61. [PMID: 28577968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Water soluble silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) capped with cationic carbosilane dendrons have been synthesized by direct reaction in water of dendrons, silver precursor and a reducing agent. These nanoparticles have been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), elemental analysis, and zeta potential (ZP). The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the cationic dendrons and dendronized AgNPs and AuNPs with these dendrons have been evaluated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial -including resistant strains- and yeast strains, respectively. The results stand out for the activity of AgNPs covered with first generation dendron compared with this free dendron and corresponding dendronized AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia E Peña-González
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Elzbieta Pedziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tania Martín-Pérez
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eligia M Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 137 Pomorska Street, 90-235 Lodz, Poland
| | - José L Copa-Patiño
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Soliveri
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Serrano
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Javier Sánchez-Nieves
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - F Javier de la Mata
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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7
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Katir N, Brahmi Y, Majoral JP, Bousmina M, El Kadib A. Ternary cooperative assembly--polymeric condensation of photoactive viologen, phosphonate-terminated dendrimers and crystalline anatase nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:17716-9. [PMID: 26489786 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07872e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoactive viologen fragments were covalently embedded within the material framework during the self-assembly and sol-gel polymerisation of phosphonate-terminated dendrimers and soluble titanium-oxo-species. The resulting porous anisotropic phosphonate-bridged-crystalline anatase materials serve as new hosts to disperse and stabilize small gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez (UEMF), Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Harazem, Fès, Morocco.
| | - Younes Brahmi
- Université Mohamed V Agdal, Faculté des Sciences Av. Ibn Battouta, BP 1014 and MAScIR fondation, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jean Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC) CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Mosto Bousmina
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez (UEMF), Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Harazem, Fès, Morocco.
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez (UEMF), Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Harazem, Fès, Morocco.
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8
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Katir N, El Brahmi N, Marcotte N, Majoral JP, Bousmina M, El Kadib A. Orthogonal Synthesis of Covalent Polydendrimer Frameworks by Fusing Classical and Onion-Peel Phosphorus-Based Dendritic Units. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Katir
- Euromed
Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070 Fès, Morocco
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed
Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070 Fès, Morocco
| | - Nathalie Marcotte
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253, CNRS/ENSCM/UM, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, Montpellier F-34295 Cedex, France
| | - Jean Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Mosto Bousmina
- Euromed
Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070 Fès, Morocco
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed
Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070 Fès, Morocco
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9
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Caminade AM, Ouali A, Laurent R, Turrin CO, Majoral JP. Coordination chemistry with phosphorus dendrimers. Applications as catalysts, for materials, and in biology. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Kawauchi T, Oguchi Y, Sawayama J, Nagai K, Iyoda T. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Dendritic Viologen-Arranged Molecules with an ω-Mercaptoalkyl Group and Their Self-Assembled Monolayers Complexed with Various Anions. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kawauchi
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Oguchi
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Jun Sawayama
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagai
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Iyoda
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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11
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Katir N, El Brahmi N, El Kadib A, Mignani S, Caminade AM, Bousmina M, Majoral JP. Synthesis of onion-peel nanodendritic structures with sequential functional phosphorus diversity. Chemistry 2015; 21:6400-8. [PMID: 25754619 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of novel families of phosphorus-based macromolecular architectures called "onion peel" phosphorus nanodendritic systems is reported. This construct is based on the versatility of methods of synthesis using several building blocks and on the capability of these systems to undergo regioselective reactions within the cascade structure. Sustainable metal-free routes such as the Staudinger reaction or Schiff-base condensation, involving only water and nitrogen as byproducts, allow access to several dendritic macromolecules bearing up to seven different phosphorus units in their backbone, each of them featuring specific reactivity. The presence of the highly aurophilic P=N-P=S fragment enables selective ligation of Au(I) within the dendritic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Institute, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070 Fès (Morocco)
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12
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Abbassi L, Chabre YM, Kottari N, Arnold AA, André S, Josserand J, Gabius HJ, Roy R. Multifaceted glycodendrimers with programmable bioactivity through convergent, divergent, and accelerated approaches using polyfunctional cyclotriphosphazenes. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cyclotriphosphazene-based platform facilitates versatile synthesis of glycodendrimers active as inhibitors of two biomedically relevant lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Abbassi
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Yoann M. Chabre
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Naresh Kottari
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Alexandre A. Arnold
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- 80539 Munich
- Germany
| | - Johan Josserand
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- 80539 Munich
- Germany
| | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
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13
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Brahmi Y, Katir N, Agullo JAM, Primo A, Bousmina M, Pierre Majoral J, Garcia H, El Kadib A. Organophosphonate bridged anatase mesocrystals: low temperature crystallization, thermal growth and hydrogen photo-evolution. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15544-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02367j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuning P-doping: phosphorus dendrimers enabled access, at 60 °C, to ultra-stable organophosphonate-bridged-anatase mesocrystals with a promising water-splitting photo-activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Brahmi
- Université Mohamed V Agdal
- Faculté des Sciences Av. Ibn Battouta
- BP 1014 and MAScIR foundation
- Rabat
- Morocco
| | - Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Center
- Engineering Division
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF)
- 30070 Fès
- Morocco
| | - Juan Antonio Macia Agullo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica CSIC-UPV and Departamento de Quimica. Univ. Politicnica de Valencia
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Ana Primo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica CSIC-UPV and Departamento de Quimica. Univ. Politicnica de Valencia
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Mosto Bousmina
- Euromed Research Center
- Engineering Division
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF)
- 30070 Fès
- Morocco
| | | | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica CSIC-UPV and Departamento de Quimica. Univ. Politicnica de Valencia
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center
- Engineering Division
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF)
- 30070 Fès
- Morocco
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