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Zhang SQ, Cheng LX, Gong ZL, Duan WB, Tu B, Zhong YW, Zeng QD. Temperature-Triggered Self-Assembled Structural Transformation: From Pure Hydrogen-Bonding Quadrilateral Nanonetwork to Trihexagonal Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6571-6577. [PMID: 31002519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adequate control over the structures of molecular building blocks plays an important role in the fabrication of desired supramolecular nanostructures at interfaces. In this study, the formation of a pure hydrogen-bonding co-assembly supramolecular nanonetwork on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface was demonstrated by means of a scanning tunneling microscope. The thermal annealing process was conducted to monitor the temperature-triggered structural transformation of the self-assembled nanonetwork. On the basis of the single-molecule-level resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images, together with the density functional theory calculations, the formation mechanisms of the formed nanoarrays were proposed. The results have great significance with regard to controlled construction of complex nanostructures on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Lin-Xiu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Wu-Biao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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2
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Saravanan RK, Avasthi I, Prajapati RK, Verma S. Surface modification and pattern formation by nucleobases and their coordination complexes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24541-24560. [PMID: 35539208 PMCID: PMC9082088 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03903h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents recent progress concerning the organization of nucleobases on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), mica, Cu(110) and Au(111) surfaces, followed by their studies using microscopy methods such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interesting research prospects related to surface patterning by nucleobases, nucleobase-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metal–nucleobase coordination polymers are also discussed, which offer a wide array of functional molecules for advanced applications. Nucleobases and their analogs are able to invoke non-covalent interactions such as π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding, and possess the required framework to coordinate metal ions, giving rise to fascinating supramolecular architectures. The latter could be transferred to conductive substrates, such as HOPG and gold, for assessment by high-end tunneling microscopy under various conditions. Clear understanding of the principles governing nucleobase self-assembly and metal ion complexation, and precise control over generation of functional architectures, might lead to custom assemblies for targeted nanotechnological and nanomaterial applications. This review highlights recent advancements in surface patterning of nucleobases, their analogs including nucleobase-CNT hybrids and metal complexes, using various microscopy techniques for nanotechnological applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kamal Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur, 208016
- India
| | - Ilesha Avasthi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur, 208016
- India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur, 208016
- India
- Centre for Nanoscience
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur, 208016
- India
- Centre for Nanoscience
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Saravanan RK, Saha P, Venkatesh V, Gopakumar TG, Verma S. Coordination-Controlled One-Dimensional Molecular Chains in Hexapodal Adenine-Silver Ultrathin Films. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3976-3982. [PMID: 28290669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growth of a silver coordination polymer of a C3-symmetric hexaadenine ligand is studied on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), using high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM). This unusual ligand offers 6-fold multidentate coordination sites, and consequently, a multidimensional growth of coordination polymer is expected. Notably, each discrete hexapodal unit is bridged by two silver ions along one of the crystallographic directions, resulting in high interaction energy along this direction. When the polymer was deposited on an HOPG surface from a dilute solution, we observed abundant one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer chains, with a minimum width of approximately 4.5 nm. The single-crystal structure using X-ray analysis is compared with the surface patterns to reconcile and understand the structure of the 1D polymer on an HOPG surface. The energy levels of Ag-L1 within the proposed model were calculated, on the basis of the X-ray crystal structure, and compared to the ligand states to gain information about the electronic structure of ligand upon Ag coordination. On the basis of the wave functions of a few molecular orbitals (MOs) near the Fermi energy, it is surmised that unfilled MOs may play a crucial role in the transport properties of the Ag-L1 adlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kamal Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Soft Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Prithwidip Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Soft Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Viruthakasi Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Soft Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Thiruvancheril G Gopakumar
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Soft Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Soft Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
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Jana PK, Wang C, Jack RL, Chi L, Heuer A. Anomalous approach to thermodynamic equilibrium: Structure formation of molecules after vapor deposition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:052402. [PMID: 26651707 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.052402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe experiments and computer simulations of molecular deposition on a substrate in which the molecules (substituted adenine derivatives) self-assemble into ordered structures. The resulting structures depend strongly on the deposition rate (flux). In particular, there are two competing surface morphologies (α and β), which differ by their topology (interdigitated vs lamellar structure). Experimentally, the α phase dominates at both low and high flux, with the β phase being most important in the intermediate regime. A similar nonmonotonic behavior is observed on varying the substrate temperature. To understand these effects from a theoretical perspective, a lattice model is devised which reproduces qualitatively the topological features of both phases. Via extensive Monte Carlo studies we can, on the one hand, reproduce the experimental results and, on the other hand, obtain a microscopic understanding of the mechanisms behind this anomalous behavior. The results are discussed in terms of an interplay between kinetic trapping and temporal exploration of configuration space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Jana
- Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Can Wang
- Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Physikalisches Institut, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Robert L Jack
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Physikalisches Institut, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany and Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany and Center of Nonlinear Science CeNoS, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Germany
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Trawny D, Schlexer P, Steenbergen K, Rabe JP, Paulus B, Reissig HU. Dense or porous packing? Two-dimensional self-assembly of star-shaped mono-, bi-, and terpyridine derivatives. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:949-53. [PMID: 25652664 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly behavior of five star-shaped pyridyl-functionalized 1,3,5-triethynylbenzenes was studied at the interface between an organic solvent and the basal plane of graphite by scanning tunneling microscopy. The mono- and bipyridine derivatives self-assemble in closely packed 2D crystals, whereas the derivative with the more bulky terpyridines crystallizes with porous packing. DFT calculations of a monopyridine derivative on graphene, support the proposed molecular model. The calculations also reveal the formation of hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen atoms and a hydrogen atom of the neighboring central unit, as a small nonzero tunneling current was calculated within this region. The title compounds provide a versatile model system to investigate the role of multivalent steric interactions and hydrogen bonding in molecular monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Trawny
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany); Current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
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Cui L, Miao X, Xu L, Hu Y, Deng W. Self-assembly polymorphism of 2,7-bis-nonyloxy-9-fluorenone: solvent induced the diversity of intermolecular dipole–dipole interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3627-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04773g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dielectric variance of homologous acids induced different coadsorption behaviors. Intermolecular dipolar interaction stabilized the arrangements of fluorenone moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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