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Mao QY, Wang XQ, Lin F, Yu MW, Fan HT, Zheng Q, Liu LC, Zhang CC, Li DR, Lin HS. Scorpiones, Scolopendra and Gekko Inhibit Lung Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Ameliorating Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3803-8. [PMID: 38850481 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Buthus martensii karsch (Scorpiones), Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch (Scolopendra) and Gekko gecko Linnaeus (Gekko) could ameliorate the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and inhibit lung cancer growth and metastasis by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α) signaling pathway. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with luciferase labeled LL/2-luc-M38 cell suspension to develop lung cancer models, with rapamycin and cyclophosphamide as positive controls. Carboxy methyl cellulose solutions of Scorpiones, Scolopendra and Gekko were administered intragastrically as 0.33, 0.33, and 0.83 g/kg, respectively once daily for 21 days. Fluorescent expression were detected every 7 days after inoculation, and tumor growth curves were plotted. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine CD31 and HIF-1α expressions in tumor tissue and microvessel density (MVD) was analyzed. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway-related proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect serum basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mice. RESULTS Scorpiones, Scolopendra and Gekko prolonged the survival time and inhibited lung cancer metastasis and expression of HIF-1α (all P<0.01). Moreover, Scorpiones, Scolopendra and Gekko inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, they also decreased the expression of CD31, MVD, bFGF, TGF-β1 and VEGF compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Scorpiones, Scolopendra and Gekko all showed beneficial effects on lung cancer by ameliorating the hypoxic tumor microenvironment via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yuan Mao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xue-Qian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ming-Wei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Hui-Ting Fan
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lan-Chun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chu-Chu Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dao-Rui Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Hong-Sheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
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Baudou FG, Fusco L, Giorgi E, Diaz E, Municoy S, Desimone MF, Leiva L, De Marzi MC. Physicochemical and biological characterization of nanovenoms, a new tool formed by silica nanoparticles and Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zou X, Wang Y, Yu Y, He J, Zhao F, Xi C, Zhang C, Cao Z. BmK NSP, a new sodium channel activator from Buthus martensii Karsch, promotes neurite outgrowth in primary cultured spinal cord neurons. Toxicon 2020; 182:13-20. [PMID: 32353571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion venom is a rich source of bioactive compounds that affect neuronal excitability by modulating the activities of various channels/receptors. In the current study, guided by a Ca2+ mobilization assay, we purified a new neuroactive peptide designated as BmK NSP (Buthus martensii Karsch neurite-stimulating peptide, MW: 7064.30 Da). The primary structure of BmK NSP was determined by Edman degradation. BmK NSP concentration-dependently elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with an EC50 value of 4.18 μM in primary cultured spinal cord neurons (SCNs). Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ abolished BmK NSP-triggered Ca2+ response. Moreover, we demonstrated that BmK NSP-induced Ca2+ response was partially suppressed by the inhibitors of L-type Ca2+ channels, Na+-Ca2+ exchangers and NMDA receptors and was abolished by voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) blocker, tetrodotoxin. Whole-cell patch clamp recording demonstrated that BmK NSP delayed VGSC inactivation (EC50 = 1.10 μM) in SCNs. BmK NSP enhanced neurite outgrowth in a non-monotonic manner that peaked at ~30 nM in SCNs. BmK NSP-promoted neurite outgrowth was suppressed by the inhibitors of L-type Ca2+ channels, NMDA receptors, and VGSCs. Considered together, these data demonstrate that BmK NSP is a new α-scorpion toxin that enhances neurite outgrowth through main routes of Ca2+ influx. Modulation of VGSC activity by α-scorpion toxin might represent a novel strategy to regulate the neurogenesis in SCNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zou
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Chuchu Xi
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Supervision & Inspection Center of Green & Degradable Materials, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, No. 3 E. Jialingjiang Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210019, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Ye M, Misra SK, De AK, Ostadhossein F, Singh K, Rund L, Schook L, Pan D. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Globular Orphan Nuclear Receptor Regulator with Biological Activity in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10739-10752. [PMID: 30375864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous cancer variants of mesenchymal origin. Their genetic heterogeneity coupled with uncertain histogenesis makes them difficult to treat and results in poor prognosis. In this work, we show that structure-based drug discovery involving computational modeling can be used to identify a new retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist ligand with a bis(indolyl)methane scaffold. This agent co-self-assembles with an amphiphilic diblock copolymer resulting in nanoparticles (Nano-RXR) with excellent kinetic stability, which were evaluated for efficacy and safety in transformed sarcoma cells, 63-3 Cre and 141-10 Cre of pig origin, and in rodent xenograft models. Responses at gene and protein levels established the treatment approach as a highly effective RXR agonist across cell, rodent, and "Oncopig" models. Interestingly, Nano-RXR was not only able to modulate metabolic and transporter genes related to orphan nuclear receptors but also played a major role in modulating programmed cell death in sarcomas developed in Oncopigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Ye
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Arun K De
- Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Agricultural Animal Care and Use Program , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Laurie Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Agricultural Animal Care and Use Program , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Lawrence Schook
- Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Agricultural Animal Care and Use Program , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Mills Breast Cancer Institute , Carle Foundation Hospital , 502 N. Busey , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Carle-Illinois College of Medicine , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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Banerjee S, Gnanamani E, Lynch SR, Zuñiga FZ, Jiménez-Vargas JM, Possani LD, Zare RN. An Alkaloid from Scorpion Venom: Chemical Structure and Synthesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1899-1904. [PMID: 30028606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While most scorpion venom components identified in the past are peptidic or proteinic in nature, we report here a new alkaloid isolated from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Megacormus gertschi. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometric investigations elucidate the structure of the alkaloid as ( Z)- N-(2-(1 H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacrylamide (1). A chemical method of synthesizing this alkaloid is also described. Although abundant in venom, the above alkaloid was not found to have insecticidal activity. Structural analysis suggests that this venom alkaloid might be of potential interest for evaluating its medicinal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibdas Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati , Karakambadi Road , Tirupati - 517507 , India
| | - Elumalai Gnanamani
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Stephen R Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Fernando Zamudio Zuñiga
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3 , Cuernavaca , Morelos 62210 , Mexico
| | - Juana María Jiménez-Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3 , Cuernavaca , Morelos 62210 , Mexico
| | - Lourival Domingos Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología , Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3 , Cuernavaca , Morelos 62210 , Mexico
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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Avci FG, Akbulut BS, Ozkirimli E. Membrane Active Peptides and Their Biophysical Characterization. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030077. [PMID: 30135402 PMCID: PMC6164437 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, an increasing number of studies have been reported on membrane active peptides. These peptides exert their biological activity by interacting with the cell membrane, either to disrupt it and lead to cell lysis or to translocate through it to deliver cargos into the cell and reach their target. Membrane active peptides are attractive alternatives to currently used pharmaceuticals and the number of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and peptides designed for drug and gene delivery in the drug pipeline is increasing. Here, we focus on two most prominent classes of membrane active peptides; AMPs and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Antimicrobial peptides are a group of membrane active peptides that disrupt the membrane integrity or inhibit the cellular functions of bacteria, virus, and fungi. Cell penetrating peptides are another group of membrane active peptides that mainly function as cargo-carriers even though they may also show antimicrobial activity. Biophysical techniques shed light on peptide–membrane interactions at higher resolution due to the advances in optics, image processing, and computational resources. Structural investigation of membrane active peptides in the presence of the membrane provides important clues on the effect of the membrane environment on peptide conformations. Live imaging techniques allow examination of peptide action at a single cell or single molecule level. In addition to these experimental biophysical techniques, molecular dynamics simulations provide clues on the peptide–lipid interactions and dynamics of the cell entry process at atomic detail. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in experimental and computational investigation of membrane active peptides with particular emphasis on two amphipathic membrane active peptides, the AMP melittin and the CPP pVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gizem Avci
- Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Kadikoy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Elif Ozkirimli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
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7
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Wang Y, Xing B, Li T, Wang C, Zhou M, Liu Y, Fan L, Hu L, Peng X, Xiang Y, Wang H, Kong T, Dong W, Guo Q. SVP-B5 peptide from Buthus martensii Karsch scorpion venom exerts hyperproliferative effects on irradiated hematopoietic cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5081-5086. [PMID: 29201218 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the radioprotective efficacy of scorpion venom peptide, fraction II (SVPII) from the venom of Buthus martensii Karsch. In the present study, the SVP-B5 polypeptide, which is one of the active components of SVPII, was purified using a two-step chromatographic process. SVP-B5 significantly promoted the proliferation of irradiated M-NFS-60 mouse-derived myelocytic leukemia cells. In addition, SVP-B5 effectively and persistently promoted hematopoietic recovery and expansion of hematopoietic cells after irradiation as demonstrated by cobblestone area forming cell and long-term bone marrow culture assays. Treatment of M-NFS-60 cells with SVP-B5 upregulated the expression of interleukin 3 receptor and activated the Janus kinase-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that SVP-B5 has growth factor-like properties and may be used as a therapeutic modality in the recovery of severe myelosuppression, which is a common side effect of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Baiqian Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Meixun Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Lingjie Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Tianhan Kong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Qifeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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Kampert T, Misra SK, Srivastava I, Tripathi I, Pan D. Phenotypically Screened Carbon Nanoparticles for Enhanced Combinatorial Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2017; 10:371-386. [PMID: 31719869 PMCID: PMC6816755 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-017-0490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive type of breast cancer with high resistance to current standard therapies. We demonstrate that phenotypically stratified carbon nanoparticle is highly effective in delivering a novel combinatorial triple drug formulation for synergistic regression of TNBC in vitro and in vivo. METHOD The combinatorial formulation is comprised of repurposed inhibitors of STAT3 (nifuroxazide), topoisomerase-II-activation-pathway (amonafide) and NFκb (pentoxifylline). Synergistic effect of drug combination was established in a panel of TNBC-lines comprising mesenchymal-stem-like, mesenchymal and basal-like cells along with non-TNBC-cells. The delivery of combinatorial drug formulation was achieved using a phenotypically screened carbon nanoparticles for TNBC cell lines. RESULTS Results indicated a remarkable five-fold improvement (IC50-6.75 µM) from the parent drugs with a combinatorial index <1 in majority of the TNBC cells. Multi-compartmental carbon nanoparticles were then parametrically assessed based on size, charge (positive/negative/neutral) and chemistry (functionalities) to study their likelihood of crossing endocytic barriers from phenotypical standpoint in TNBC lines. Interestingly, a combination of clathrin mediated, energy and dynamin dependent pathways were predominant for sulfonated nanoparticles, whereas pristine and phospholipid particles followed all the investigated endocytic pathways. CONCLUSIONS An exactitude 'omics' approach helps to predict that phospholipid encapsulated-particles will predominantly accumulate in TNBC comprising the drug-'cocktail'. We investigated the protein expression effects inducing synergistic effect and simultaneously suppressing drug resistance through distinct mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Kampert
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Carle Foundation Hospital, 611 West Park Street, Urbana, IL USA
- Institute for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Carle Foundation Hospital, 611 West Park Street, Urbana, IL USA
- Institute for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Carle Foundation Hospital, 611 West Park Street, Urbana, IL USA
- Institute for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Indu Tripathi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Carle Foundation Hospital, 611 West Park Street, Urbana, IL USA
- Institute for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Carle Foundation Hospital, 611 West Park Street, Urbana, IL USA
- Institute for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
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Al-Asmari AK, Riyasdeen A, Abbasmanthiri R, Arshaduddin M, Al-Harthi FA. Scorpion ( Androctonus bicolor) venom exhibits cytotoxicity and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:537-543. [PMID: 27721540 PMCID: PMC5051248 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.190742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The defective apoptosis is believed to play a major role in the survival and proliferation of neoplastic cells. Hence, the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is one of the targets for cancer treatment. Researchers are considering scorpion venom as a potent natural source for cancer treatment because it contains many bioactive compounds. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the anticancer property of Androctonus bicolor scorpion venom on cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scorpions were milked by electrical stimulation of telsons and lyophilized. The breast (MDA-MB-231) and colorectal (HCT-8) cancer cells were maintained in appropriate condition. The venom cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, and the cellular and nuclear changes were studied with propidium iodide and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain, respectively. The cell cycle arrest was examined using muse cell analyzer. RESULTS The A. bicolor venom exerted cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 and HCT-8 cells in a dose- and duration-dependent manner and induced apoptotic cell death. The treatment with this venom arrests the cancer cells in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS The venom selectively induces the rate of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and HCT-8 cells as reflected by morphological and cell cycle studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scientific evidence demonstrating the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by A. bicolor scorpion venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman K Al-Asmari
- Department of Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anvarbatcha Riyasdeen
- Department of Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Arshaduddin
- Department of Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Ali Al-Harthi
- Department of Dermatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Misra SK, Schwartz-Duval AS, Pan D. Genomic DNA Interactions Mechanize Peptidotoxin-Mediated Anticancer Nanotherapy. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2254-2261. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Bioengineering,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aaron S. Schwartz-Duval
- Department of Bioengineering,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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11
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Daza EA, Misra SK, Scott J, Tripathi I, Promisel C, Sharma BK, Topczewski J, Chaudhuri S, Pan D. Multi-Shell Nano-CarboScavengers for Petroleum Spill Remediation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41880. [PMID: 28157204 PMCID: PMC5291094 DOI: 10.1038/srep41880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly frequent petroleum contamination in water bodies continues to threaten our ecosystem, which lacks efficient and safe remediation tactics both on macro and nanoscales. Current nanomaterial and dispersant remediation methods neglect to investigate their adverse environmental and biological impact, which can lead to a synergistic chemical imbalance. In response to this rising threat, a highly efficient, environmentally friendly and biocompatible nano-dispersant has been developed comprising a multi-shelled nanoparticle termed 'Nano-CarboScavengers' (NCS) with native properties for facile recovery via booms and mesh tools. NCS treated different forms of petroleum oil (raw and distillate form) with considerable efficiency (80% and 91%, respectively) utilizing sequestration and dispersion abilities in tandem with a ~10:1 (oil: NCS; w/w) loading capacity. In extreme contrast with chemical dispersants, the NCS was found to be remarkably benign in in vitro and in vivo assays. Additionally, the carbonaceous nature of NCS broke down by human myeloperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase enzymes, revealing that incidental biological uptake can enzymatically digest the sugar based core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique A. Daza
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - John Scott
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - Indu Tripathi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Christine Promisel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Brajendra K. Sharma
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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Daza EA, Misra SK, Schwartz-Duval AS, Ohoka A, Miller C, Pan D. Nano-Cesium for Anti-Cancer Properties: An Investigation into Cesium Induced Metabolic Interference. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26600-26612. [PMID: 27662498 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of cesium chloride (CsCl) for cancer therapy ("high pH therapy") has been theorized to produce anticancer properties by raising intracellular pH to induce apoptosis. Although considered as "alternative medicine", little scientific evidence supports this theory. Alternatively, cells have no cesium ion (Cs+) mediated channels for clearance. Thus, such unstable electrochemical distributions have the severe potential to disrupt electrochemical dependent cellular processes, such as glucose cotransporters. Hence, a detailed investigation of pH changing effects and glucose uptake inhibition are warranted as a possible cesium-induced anticancer therapy. We developed and characterized cesium nanoparticles (38 ± 6 nm), termed NanoCs, for nanoparticle-mediated internalization of the ion, and compared its treatment to free CsCl. Our investigations suggest that neither NanoCs nor CsCl drastically changed the intracellular pH, negating the theory. Alternatively, NanoCs lead to a significant decrease in glucose uptake when compared to free CsCl, suggesting cesium inhibited glucose uptake. An apoptosis assay of observed cell death affirms that NanoCs leads tumor cells to initiate apoptosis rather than follow necrotic behavior. Furthermore, NanoCs lead to in vivo tumor regression, where H&E analysis confirmed apoptotic cell populations. Thus, NanoCs performed pH-independent anticancer therapy by inducing metabolic stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique A Daza
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aaron S Schwartz-Duval
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ayako Ohoka
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Callie Miller
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Misra SK, Mukherjee P, Chang HH, Tiwari S, Gryka M, Bhargava R, Pan D. Multi-functionality Redefined with Colloidal Carotene Carbon Nanoparticles for Synchronized Chemical Imaging, Enriched Cellular Uptake and Therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29299. [PMID: 27405011 PMCID: PMC4941412 DOI: 10.1038/srep29299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Typically, multiplexing high nanoparticle uptake, imaging, and therapy requires careful integration of three different functions of a multiscale molecular-particle assembly. Here, we present a simpler approach to multiplexing by utilizing one component of the system for multiple functions. Specifically, we successfully synthesized and characterized colloidal carotene carbon nanoparticle (C(3)-NP), in which a single functional molecule served a threefold purpose. First, the presence of carotene moieties promoted the passage of the particle through the cell membrane and into the cells. Second, the ligand acted as a potent detrimental moiety for cancer cells and, finally, the ligands produced optical contrast for robust microscopic detection in complex cellular environments. In comparative tests, C(3)-NP were found to provide effective intracellular delivery that enables both robust detection at cellular and tissue level and presents significant therapeutic potential without altering the mechanism of intracellular action of β-carotene. Surface coating of C(3) with phospholipid was used to generate C(3)-Lipocoat nanoparticles with further improved function and biocompatibility, paving the path to eventual in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Prabuddha Mukherjee
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Huei-Huei Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Saumya Tiwari
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Mark Gryka
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Pro-haloacetate Nanoparticles for Efficient Cancer Therapy via Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Modulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28196. [PMID: 27323896 PMCID: PMC4914936 DOI: 10.1038/srep28196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer agents based on haloacetic acids are developed for inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), an enzyme responsible for reversing the suppression of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Through molecular docking studies mono- and dihaloacetates are identified as potent PDK2 binders and matched their efficiency with dichloroacetic acid. In silico screening directed their conversion to phospholipid prodrugs, which were subsequently self-assembled to pro-haloacetate nanoparticles. Following a thorough physico-chemical characterization, the functional activity of these novel agents was established in wide ranges of human cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Results indicated that the newly explored PDK modulators can act as efficient agent for cancer regression. A Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) assay mechanistically confirmed that these agents trigger their activity through the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
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Misra SK, Mukherjee P, Ohoka A, Schwartz-Duval AS, Tiwari S, Bhargava R, Pan D. Vibrational spectroscopy and imaging for concurrent cellular trafficking of co-localized doxorubicin and deuterated phospholipid vesicles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2826-31. [PMID: 26763407 PMCID: PMC4868062 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous tracking of nanoparticles and encapsulated payload is of great importance and visualizing their activity is arduous. Here we use vibrational spectroscopy to study the in vitro tracking of co-localized lipid nanoparticles and encapsulated drug employing a model system derived from doxorubicin-encapsulated deuterated phospholipid (dodecyl phosphocholine-d38) single tailed phospholipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Misra
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle Foundation Hospital, 502 N. Busey St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - P Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - A Ohoka
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle Foundation Hospital, 502 N. Busey St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - A S Schwartz-Duval
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle Foundation Hospital, 502 N. Busey St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - S Tiwari
- Department of Bioengineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - R Bhargava
- Department of Bioengineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - D Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle Foundation Hospital, 502 N. Busey St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Misra SK, Ye M, Kim S, Pan D. Defined nanoscale chemistry influences delivery of peptido-toxins for cancer therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125908. [PMID: 26030072 PMCID: PMC4452514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an in-silico-to-in-vitro approach to develop well-defined, self-assembled, rigid-cored polymeric (Polybee) nano-architecture for controlled delivery of a key component of bee venom, melittin. A competitive formulation with lipid-encapsulated (Lipobee) rigid cored micelle is also synthesized. In a series of sequential experiments, we show how nanoscale chemistry influences the delivery of venom toxins for cancer regression and help evade systemic disintegrity and cellular noxiousness. A relatively weaker association of melittin in the case of lipid-based nanoparticles is compared to the polymeric particles revealed by energy minimization and docking studies, which are supported by biophysical studies. For the first time, the authors' experiment results indicate that melittin can play a significant role in DNA association-dissociation processes, which may be a plausible route for their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States of America
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Misra SK, Wang X, Srivastava I, Imgruet MK, Graff RW, Ohoka A, Kampert TL, Gao H, Pan D. Combinatorial therapy for triple negative breast cancer using hyperstar polymer-based nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16710-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07709e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the ability of a novel combinatorial therapy obtained from nanoparticles of hyperstar polymers encompassing drugs to selectively target triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation through STAT3 and topoisomerase-II pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Misra
- Department of Bioengineering
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Carle Foundation Hospital
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Carle Foundation Hospital
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - I. Srivastava
- Department of Bioengineering
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Carle Foundation Hospital
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Carle Foundation Hospital
| | - M. K. Imgruet
- Department of Bioengineering
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Carle Foundation Hospital
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Carle Foundation Hospital
| | - R. W. Graff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - A. Ohoka
- Department of Bioengineering
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Carle Foundation Hospital
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Carle Foundation Hospital
| | - T. L. Kampert
- Department of Bioengineering
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Carle Foundation Hospital
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Carle Foundation Hospital
| | - H. Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - D. Pan
- Department of Bioengineering
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Carle Foundation Hospital
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Carle Foundation Hospital
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Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Application of Disease-Directed Agents. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2015_91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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