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Lago-Silva M, Cid MM, Quiñoá E, Freire F. P/M Macromolecular Switch Based on Conformational Control Exerted by an Achiral Side Chain within an Axially Chiral Locked Pendant. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:752-759. [PMID: 38150582 PMCID: PMC10786024 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches, supramolecular chemistry, and polymers can be combined to create stimuli-responsive multichiral materials. Therefore, by acting on the extended/bent conformational composition of an achiral arm, it is possible to create a macromolecular gear, where different supramolecular interactions can be activated/deactivated to control the helical sense of a polymer containing up to five different chiral axial motifs. For this, a chiral allene with a flexible achiral arm was introduced as a pendant in poly(phenylacetylene). Through flexible arm control between extended and bent conformations, it is possible to selectively induce either a P or M helical sense in the polymer, while the relative spatial distribution of the substituents in the allene remains unaltered in two perpendicular planes (configurationally locked). These results show that complex dynamic multichiral materials can be obtained by the polymerization of appropriate monomers that combine chirality, switching properties, and the ability to generate chiral supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lago-Silva
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Magdalena Cid
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Emilio Quiñoá
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Félix Freire
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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2
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Portela-Pino J, Talavera M, Chiussi S, Bolaño S, Peña-Gallego Á, Alonso-Gómez JL. Development of robust chiroptical systems through spirobifluorenes. Chirality 2024; 36:e23624. [PMID: 37823399 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiroptical responses are valuable for the structural determination of dissymmetric molecules. However, the development of everyday applications based on chiroptical systems is yet to come. We have been earlier using axially chiral allenes for the construction of linear, cyclic, and cage-shaped molecules that present remarkable chiroptical responses. Additionally, we have developed chiral surfaces through upstanding chiral architectures. Since the goal is to obtain robust chiroptical materials, more recently we have been studying spirobifluorenes (SBFs), a well-established building block in optoelectronic applications. After theoretical and experimental demonstration, the suitability of chiral SBFs for the development of robust chiroptical systems was certified by the construction all-carbon double helices, flexible shape-persistent macrocycles, chiral frameworks for surface functionalization, and structures featuring helical or spiroconjugated molecular orbitals. Here, we give an overview of our contribution to these matters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Talavera
- University of Vigo, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Vigo, Spain
| | - Stefano Chiussi
- CINTECX, University of Vigo, Applied Physic Department, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra Bolaño
- University of Vigo, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Vigo, Spain
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3
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Ozcelik A, Pereira-Cameselle R, Alonso-Gómez JL. From Allenes to Spirobifluorenes: On the Way to Device-compatible Chiroptical Systems. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201013164534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a huge growth in the construction of chiral systems to
expand the scope of chiroptical applications. Dependence of chiroptical response on molecular
conformation typically leads to low chiroptical intensities of chiral systems that feature
several conformations in solution. In this respect, allenes were employed for the preparation
of open and cyclic oligomers as well as molecular cages, presenting remarkable chiroptical
responses in solution. Their molecular chirality was also transferred to metal surfaces, yet
photoisomerization of allenes limited their further exploration. In search of a more robust
chiral axis, theoretical and experimental studies confirmed that spirobifluorenes could give
rise to stable systems with tailored optical and chiroptical properties. Additionally, incorporating
a conformational lock into spirobifluorene cyclic architectures served as an efficient
strategy towards the generation of distinct helical molecular orbitals. This review article outlines our results on developing
device-compatible chiroptical systems through axially chiral allenes and spirobifluorenes. The contribution
from other research groups is presented briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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4
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Garner MH, Corminboeuf C. Correlation between Optical Activity and the Helical Molecular Orbitals of Allene and Cumulenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:8028-8033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc H. Garner
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Ozcelik A, Peña-Gallego MDLÁ, Pereira-Cameselle R, Alonso-Gómez JL. Design and synthesis of chiral spirobifluorenes. Chirality 2020; 32:464-473. [PMID: 32053262 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chiroptical spectroscopic methods serve as a practical tool for the structural characterization of chiral systems based on the interaction with polarized light. The higher sensitivity of these methods, compared with their achiral counterparts, not only enables the determination of absolute configuration and conformational preferences, but also supramolecular interactions may be monitored. In order to expand the applicability of chiroptical systems, the development of functional materials exhibiting intense chiroptical responses is essential. As a proof of principle, we previously constructed chiroptical interfaces via thioacetate-derivatized allenes. Because of the photoisomerization issues associated with allenes, we have recently proposed their replacement by spirobifluorenes to achieve robust chiroptical systems. Thus, we hereby present the design and synthesis of chiral spirobifluorenes bearing thioacetates suitable for suface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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6
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Ozcelik A, Pereira-Cameselle R, Poklar Ulrih N, Petrovic AG, Alonso-Gómez JL. Chiroptical Sensing: A Conceptual Introduction. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E974. [PMID: 32059394 PMCID: PMC7071115 DOI: 10.3390/s20040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiroptical responses have been an essential tool over the last decades for chemical structural elucidation due to their exceptional sensitivity to geometry and intermolecular interactions. In recent times, there has been an increasing interest in the search for more efficient sensing by the rational design of tailored chiroptical systems. In this review article, advances made in chiroptical systems towards their implementation in sensing applications are summarized. Strategies to generate chiroptical responses are illustrated. Theoretical approaches to assist in the design of these systems are discussed. The development of efficient chiroptical reporters in different states of matter, essential for the implementation in sensing devises, is reviewed. In the last part, remarkable examples of chiroptical sensing applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (A.O.); (R.P.-C.)
| | | | - Natasa Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Ana G. Petrovic
- Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA
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7
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Garner MH, Jensen A, Hyllested LOH, Solomon GC. Helical orbitals and circular currents in linear carbon wires. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4598-4608. [PMID: 31123570 PMCID: PMC6496982 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disubstituted odd-carbon cumulenes are linear carbon wires with helical π-orbitals, which results in circular current around the wire.
Disubstituted odd-carbon cumulenes are linear carbon wires with near-degenerate helical π-orbitals. Such cumulenes are chiral molecules but their electronic structure consists of helical orbitals of both chiralities. For these helical molecular orbitals to give rise to experimentally observable effects, the near-degenerate orbitals of opposite helicities must be split. Here we show how pyramidalized single-faced π-donors, such as the amine substituent, provide a strategy for splitting the helical molecular orbitals. The chirality induced by the amine substituents allow for systematic control of the helicity of the frontier orbitals. We examine how the helical orbitals in odd-carbon cumulenes control the coherent electron transport properties, and we explicitly predict two modes in the experimental single-molecule conductance for these molecules. We also show that the current density through these linear wires exhibits strong circular currents. The direction of the circular currents is systematically controlled by the helicity of the frontier molecular orbitals, and is therefore altered by changing between the conformations of the molecule. Furthermore, the circular currents are subject to a full ring-reversal around antiresonances in the Landauer transmission, emphasizing the relation to destructive quantum interference. With circular currents present around truly linear carbon wires, cumulenes are promising candidates for novel applications in molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Garner
- Department of Chemistry , Nano-Science Center , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - Anders Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , Nano-Science Center , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - Louise O H Hyllested
- Department of Chemistry , Nano-Science Center , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Department of Chemistry , Nano-Science Center , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
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8
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Ozcelik A, Pereira-Cameselle R, von Weber A, Paszkiewicz M, Carlotti M, Paintner T, Zhang L, Lin T, Zhang YQ, Barth JV, van den Nobelen T, Chiechi RC, Jakob M, Heiz U, Chiussi S, Kartouzian A, Klappenberger F, Alonso-Gómez JL. Device-Compatible Chiroptical Surfaces through Self-Assembly of Enantiopure Allenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4548-4553. [PMID: 29551068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiroptical methods have been proven to be superior compared to their achiral counterparts for the structural elucidation of many compounds. To expand the use of chiroptical systems to everyday applications, the development of functional materials exhibiting intense chiroptical responses is essential. Particularly, tailored and robust interfaces compatible with standard device operation conditions are required. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of chiral allenes and their use for the functionalization of gold surfaces. The self-assembly results in a monolayer-thin room-temperature-stable upstanding chiral architecture as ascertained by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure. Moreover, these nanostructures anchored to device-compatible substrates feature intense chiroptical second harmonic generation. Both straightforward preparation of the device-compatible interfaces along with their chiroptical nature provide major prospects for everyday applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A von Weber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - M Paszkiewicz
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - M Carlotti
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , Groningen 9747 AG , The Netherlands
| | - T Paintner
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - L Zhang
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - T Lin
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - Y-Q Zhang
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - J V Barth
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | | | - R C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , Groningen 9747 AG , The Netherlands
| | - M Jakob
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - U Heiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | | | - A Kartouzian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - F Klappenberger
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
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9
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Castro-Fernández S, Yang R, García AP, Garzón IL, Xu H, Petrovic AG, Alonso-Gómez JL. Diverse Chiral Scaffolds from Diethynylspiranes: All-Carbon Double Helices and Flexible Shape-Persistent Macrocycles. Chemistry 2017; 23:11747-11751. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castro-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Vigo; Lagoas-Marcosende s/n Vigo 36310 Spain
| | - Ren Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 932 Lushan S Rd, Yuelu, Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - A. Patricio García
- Instituto de Física; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Apartado Postal 20-364 01000 México, D. F. México
| | - Ignacio L. Garzón
- Instituto de Física; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Apartado Postal 20-364 01000 México, D. F. México
| | - Hai Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 932 Lushan S Rd, Yuelu, Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Ana G. Petrovic
- Department of Life Sciences; New York Institute of Technology; 1855 Broadway New York NY 10023 USA
| | - J. Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Vigo; Lagoas-Marcosende s/n Vigo 36310 Spain
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10
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Míguez-Lago S, Cid MM, Alonso-Gómez JL. Covalent Organic Helical Cages as Sandwich Compound Containers. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Míguez-Lago
- Organic Chemistry Department; Vigo University; Lagoas-Marcosende s/n 36310 Vigo Galicia Spain
| | - M. Magdalena Cid
- Organic Chemistry Department; Vigo University; Lagoas-Marcosende s/n 36310 Vigo Galicia Spain
| | - J. Lorenzo Alonso-Gómez
- Organic Chemistry Department; Vigo University; Lagoas-Marcosende s/n 36310 Vigo Galicia Spain
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