1
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Chen PJ, Yao CA, Chien PC, Tsai HJ, Chen YR, Chuang JH, Chou PL, Lee GC, Lin W, Lin Y. Paeonol Derivative, 6'-Methyl Paeonol, Attenuates Aβ-Induced Pathophysiology in Cortical Neurons and in an Alzheimer's Disease Mice Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:724-734. [PMID: 38290213 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbs themselves and various herbal medicines are great resources for discovering therapeutic drugs for various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the common neurodegenerative diseases. Utilizing mouse primary cortical neurons and DiBAC4(3), a voltage-sensitive indicator, we have set up a drug screening system and identified an herbal extraction compound, paeonol, obtained from Paeonia lactiflora; this compound is able to ameliorate the abnormal depolarization induced by Aβ42 oligomers. Our aim was to further find effective paeonol derivatives since paeonol has been previously studied. 6'-Methyl paeonol, one of the six paeonol derivatives surveyed, is able to inhibit the abnormal depolarization induced by Aβ oligomers. Furthermore, 6'-methyl paeonol is able to alleviate the NMDA- and AMPA-induced depolarization. When a molecular mechanism was investigated, 6'-methyl paeonol was found to reverse the Aβ-induced increase in ERK phosphorylation. At the animal level, mice injected with 6'-methyl paeonol showed little change in their basic physical parameters compared to the control mice. 6'-Methyl paeonol was able to ameliorate the impairment of memory and learning behavior in J20 mice, an AD mouse model, as measured by the Morris water maze. Thus, paeonol derivatives could provide a structural foundation for developing and designing an effective compound with promising clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chien-An Yao
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - Pei-Li Chou
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
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2
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Taniguchi M, LaRocca CA, Bernat JD, Lindsey JS. Digital Database of Absorption Spectra of Diverse Flavonoids Enables Structural Comparisons and Quantitative Evaluations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1087-1119. [PMID: 36848595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids play diverse roles in plants, comprise a non-negligible fraction of net primary photosynthetic production, and impart beneficial effects in human health from a plant-based diet. Absorption spectroscopy is an essential tool for quantitation of flavonoids isolated from complex plant extracts. The absorption spectra of flavonoids typically consist of two major bands, band I (300-380 nm) and band II (240-295 nm), where the former engenders a yellow color; in some flavonoids the absorption tails to 400-450 nm. The absorption spectra of 177 flavonoids and analogues of natural or synthetic origin have been assembled, including molar absorption coefficients (109 from the literature, 68 measured here). The spectral data are in digital form and can be viewed and accessed at http://www.photochemcad.com. The database enables comparison of the absorption spectral features of 12 distinct types of flavonoids including flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin, epigallocatechin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringin), 3-hydroxyflavanones (e.g., taxifolin, silybin), isoflavones (e.g., daidzein, genistein), flavones (e.g., diosmin, luteolin), and flavonols (e.g., fisetin, myricetin). The structural features that give rise to shifts in wavelength and intensity are delineated. The availability of digital absorption spectra for diverse flavonoids facilitates analysis and quantitation of these valuable plant secondary metabolites. Four examples are provided of calculations─multicomponent analysis, solar ultraviolet photoprotection, sun protection factor (SPF), and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)─for which the spectra and accompanying molar absorption coefficients are sine qua non.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Connor A LaRocca
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jake D Bernat
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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3
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Huang P, Lu J, Jin L, Liu E, Li L. A DFT/TDDFT Investigation on Fluorescence and Electronic Properties of Chromone Derivatives. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:453-458. [PMID: 36441339 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of quick and precise detection technologies for active compounds in vivo is critical for disease prevention, diagnosis and pathological investigation. The fluorescence signal of the fluorophore usually defines the probe's sensitivity to the chemical being examined. Many natural compounds containing flavone and isoflavone scaffolds exhibit a certain amount fluorescence, albeit with poor fluorescence quantum yields. Therefore, we used density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations to investigate the fluorescence characteristics of chromium-derived fluorophores in more depth. Different substituents are introduced at different positions of the chromone. As weak electron donor groups, alkyl and aromatic groups were discovered to have varying quantum yields on the fluorophore scaffold, and longer alkyl chains are favorable to enhance fluorescence quantum yield. In comparison to the amino group, substituted amino group can avoid group rotation, and the introduction of cyclic amines such as pyrrolidine and heterocyclic amines can improve optical characteristics. The electron-donating methoxy group at position 6 helps to increase the fluorescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Jiufu Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Lingxia Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Ernu Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Li Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
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4
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Guo L, Zhang W, Xie Y, Chen X, Olmstead EE, Lian M, Zhang B, Zaytseva YY, Evers BM, Spielmann HP, Liu X, Watt DS, Liu C. Diaminobutoxy-substituted Isoflavonoid (DBI-1) Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of GLUT1 Inhibitor BAY-876 by Modulating Metabolic Pathways in Colon Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:740-750. [PMID: 35247917 PMCID: PMC9081236 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo significant "metabolic remodeling" to provide sufficient ATP to maintain cell survival and to promote rapid growth. In colorectal cancer cells, ATP is produced by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and by substantially elevated cytoplasmic glucose fermentation (i.e., the Warburg effect). Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression is significantly increased in colorectal cancer cells, and GLUT1 inhibitors block glucose uptake and hence glycolysis crucial for cancer cell growth. In addition to ATP, these metabolic pathways also provide macromolecule building blocks and signaling molecules required for tumor growth. In this study, we identify a diaminobutoxy-substituted isoflavonoid (DBI-1) that inhibits mitochondrial complex I and deprives rapidly growing cancer cells of energy needed for growth. DBI-1 and the GLUT1 inhibitor, BAY-876, synergistically inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. This study suggests that an electron transport chain inhibitor (i.e., DBI-1) and a glucose transport inhibitor, (i.e., BAY-876) are potentially effective combination for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Guo
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Xi Chen
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Emma E. Olmstead
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Mengqiang Lian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baochen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - H. Peter Spielmann
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China,Correspondence to: , ,
| | - David S. Watt
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Correspondence to: , ,
| | - Chunming Liu
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,Correspondence to: , ,
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5
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Wang Y, Jia S, Yu Z, Wen H, Cui H. Insights Into the Detection Selectivity of Redox and Non-redox Based Probes for the Superoxide Anion Using Coumarin and Chromone as the Fluorophores. Front Chem 2021; 9:753621. [PMID: 34912779 PMCID: PMC8667960 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.753621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the applicability of various superoxide anion sensors which were designed based on either redox or non-redox mechanisms. Firstly, both redox- and non-redox-based superoxide anion probes were designed and synthesized using either coumarin or chromone as the fluorophores, and the photophysical properties of these probes were measured. Subsequently, the sensing preference of both types of probes toward various reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated. We found that non-redox-based O2 •- probes exhibited broad sensing ability toward various ROS. By contrast, redox based O2 •- probes showed a clear reactivity hierarchy which was well correlated to the oxidizing strength of the ROS. Lastly, the detection selectivity of redox-based O2 •- recognizing probes was also observed when balancing various factors, such as reactant ROS concentrations, temperature, and changing reaction transformation rates. Herein, we concluded the selectivity advantage of redox-based O2 •- probes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huaqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Chen Y, Gao Y, He Y, Zhang G, Wen H, Wang Y, Wu QP, Cui H. Determining Essential Requirements for Fluorophore Selection in Various Fluorescence Applications Taking Advantage of Diverse Structure-Fluorescence Information of Chromone Derivatives. J Med Chem 2020; 64:1001-1017. [PMID: 33307695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report our work exploring the essential requirements for fluorophore selection during the development of various fluorescence applications. We assembled a library of chromone-derived fluorophores with diverse structure-fluorescence properties, which allowed us to choose the fluorophore pairs with similar structures but differing fluorescence properties and compared the performance of the selected fluorophore pairs in three types of commonly used fluorescence applications. We found that the selection standard of a suitable fluorophore is variable depending on the application. (1) In fluorescence imaging, fluorophores with strong and constant fluorescence under various conditions, such as a large pH range, are preferred. Notably, (2) in the detection of bioactive species, fluorophores with relatively lower fluorescence quantum yield favor the detection sensitivity. Furthermore, (3) in enzymatic assays employing fluorescence, the key parameter is the binding affinity between the fluorophore and the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 8 Liangxiang Donglu, Beijing 102488, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujun He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qin-Pei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 8 Liangxiang Donglu, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Huaqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
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7
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Miura K, Onodera C, Takagi M, Koyama R, Hirano T, Nishio T, Hakamata W. Screening, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Isoflavone Derivatives as Inhibitors of Human Golgi β-Galactosidase. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:753-761. [PMID: 32741916 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genes GLB1 and GALC encode GLB1 isoform 1 and galactocerebrosidase, respectively, which exhibit β-galactosidase activity in human lysosomes. GLB1 isoform 1 has been reported to play roles in rare lysosomal storage diseases. Further, its β-galactosidase activity is the most widely used biomarker of senescent and aging cells; hence, it is called senescence-associated β-galactosidase. Galactocerebrosidase plays roles in Krabbe disease. We previously reported a novel β-galactosidase activity in the Golgi apparatus of human cells; however, the protein responsible for this activity could not be identified. Inhibitor-derived chemical probes can serve as powerful tools to identify the responsible protein. In this study, we first constructed a cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) system for Golgi β-galactosidase inhibitors, and then screened inhibitors from two compound libraries using the HTS system, in vitro assay, and cytotoxicity assay. An isoflavone derivative was identified among the final Golgi β-galactosidase inhibitor compound hits. Molecular docking simulations were performed to redesign the isoflavone derivative into a more potent inhibitor, and six designed derivatives were then synthesized. One of the derivatives, ARM07, exhibited potent inhibitory activity against β-galactosidase, with an IC50 value of 14.8 µM and competitive inhibition with Ki value of 13.3 µM. Furthermore, the in vitro and cellular inhibitory activities of ARM07 exceeded those of deoxygalactonojirimycin. ARM07 may contribute to the development of affinity-based chemical probes to identify the protein responsible for the newly discovered Golgi β-galactosidase activity. The therapeutic relevance of ARM07 against lysosomal storage diseases and its effect on senescent cells should be evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Chihiro Onodera
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Motonari Takagi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Ryosuke Koyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Takako Hirano
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Toshiyuki Nishio
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Wataru Hakamata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
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8
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Yu H, Song R, Kong Y, Cao T, Chen Y. Synthesis, crystal structure and spectral properties of a copper(II) complex with flavonoxylacetate ligand. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1755035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangyang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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9
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Gao W, Chen Z, Yang Y, Jiang J, Feng Z, Zhang X, Yuan X, Zhang P. Base-catalyzed oxidative dearomatization of multisubstituted phloroglucinols: An easy access to C-glucosyl 3,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dienone derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2019; 484:107756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Yan N, He Y, Wen H, Lai F, Yin D, Cui H. A Suzuki-Miyaura method for labelling proliferating cells containing incorporated BrdU. Analyst 2019; 143:1224-1233. [PMID: 29431786 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01934c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation cell proliferation assay is the most commonly used method for assessing DNA replication. The current detection of BrdU in cells relies on antibody immunostaining, but has various limitations including low antibody specificity and poor tissue penetration. In this study, we utilised a Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to develop a chemical method to label cellular BrdU with fluorescent boronic acid probes. The coupling conditions were optimised for complex cellular environments, and the key observation was the need to use oxygen scavengers and zerovalent palladium to prevent side reactions and increase the rate of coupling. The reliability and specificity of the BrdU Suzuki-Miyaura labelling method were verified under various biological conditions. The applicability of the BrdU Suzuki-Miyaura labelling methodology was also investigated, and we show that labelling cellular BrdU is highly sensitive and reliable, which is comparable to the ideal performance of BrdU immunostaining. Moreover, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction protocol provides high BrdU recognition specificity. Taken together, the BrdU Suzuki-Miyaura labelling protocol provides an attractive alternative to the more traditional cell proliferation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
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11
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He Y, Wen J, Cui Q, Lai F, Yin D, Cui H. Quantitative Evaluation of in Vivo Target Efficacy of Anti-tumor Agents via an Immunofluorescence and EdU Labeling Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:812. [PMID: 30104973 PMCID: PMC6077270 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methods used to evaluate in vivo target efficacy of selected compound include western blot to semi-quantitatively analyze protein expression. However, problems arise as it is difficult to compare in vivo target efficacy of anti-tumor agents with the same mode of action. It is therefore desirable to develop a protocol that can quantitatively display in vivo target efficacy while also providing other useful information. In this study EdU labeling was used to mark out the proliferating area. The tumor tissue was accordingly divided into proliferating and non-proliferating areas. Fifteen tumor related proteins were stained by immunofluorescence and were found to express in either the proliferating or non-proliferating areas. This allows the quantitative analysis of protein expressions within the precise area. With simple image analysis, our method gave precise percent changes of protein expression and cell proliferation between the drugs treated group and the control group. Additional information, such as, the status of protein expression can also be obtained. This method exhibits high sensitivity, and provides a quantitative approach for in vivo evaluation of target efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fangfang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dali Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Exploration of the Fluorescent Properties and the Modulated Activities against Sirtuin Fluorogenic Assays of Chromenone-Derived Natural Products. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051063. [PMID: 29724067 PMCID: PMC6100537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromenone-derived natural products include chromones (flavone, isoflavone) and coumarins. Chromenone compounds not only exhibit impressive biological activities, but also are an important resource of experimentally used fluorophores, such as, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC). Various chromenone compounds have reported to have weak fluorescence, and this has the potential to interfere with the measurements during AMC fluorogenic assays and result in non-robust assay readouts. Several flavones and isoflavones were found as SIRT1 activators, while fluorogenic sirtuin assays utilized AMC labelled peptides as the substrates. In this study we investigated whether the fluorescent properties of chromenone-derived natural products interrupt the measurement of SIRT1/2 modulated activities. We found that the reported SIRT1 activators: flavones were detected with the SIRT1 activation activity, but isoflavones were not detected with SIRT1 activation activity, and instead that they were found to be fluorogenic compounds. Another chromenone compound, osthole, exhibited a moderate SIRT2 inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 10 μM. In conclusion, the fluorescent properties of these chromenone compounds do affect the measurement of the sirtuin activities of both inhibitors and activators. However, if the possible fluorescence properties are mitigated in the assay readout, these fluorogenic assays enable the screening of activity modulators.
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13
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A Mild Aqueous Sonogashira Reaction as a Fluorescent Labeling Strategy for 5-Bromide-2'-Deoxyuridine. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010154. [PMID: 29329267 PMCID: PMC6017456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
C5-modified uridines are a valuable class of nucleoside analogues, both as potent chemotherapy agents and through their use as the conjunction site in DNA labeling strategies. As an important C5-modified uridine, BrdU has been used in cell proliferation assays since the 1980s. Currently, the detection of BrdU relies on traditional immunostaining; however, this approach has its limitations. Thus, it is desirable, albeit difficult, to develop chemistry methods to fluorescently label BrdU in a cellular context. In the present study, we report our efforts toward developing a robust chemistry methodology for BrdU fluorescent labeling. The Sonogashira reaction was chosen as the key reaction, and various alkynyl groups (aliphatic or aryl) containing fluorescent dyes were synthesized to cross-couple with BrdU. Various bases and catalyst systems were screened to evaluate the optimum conditions. A mild aqueous Sonogashira reaction (K₂PdCl₄, S-Phos, n-Bu₄N⁺OH-, Sodium d-isoascorbate, EtOH/H₂O = 1:1, 37 °C, Ar) was obtained to enable high-yielding BrdU fluorescent labeling.
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14
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Cai S, Kong Y, Xiao D, Chen Y, Wang Q. Primary aminomethyl derivatives of kaempferol: hydrogen bond-assisted synthesis, anticancer activity and spectral properties. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1921-1931. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02927f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary aminomethyl derivatives of kaempferol with anticancer activity were synthesized by a combination strategy involving a hydrogen bond-assisted process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Yangyang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Dan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Qiuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
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15
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Rafique J, Saba S, Schneider AR, Franco MS, Silva SM, Braga AL. Metal- and Solvent-Free Approach to Access 3-Se/S-Chromones from the Cyclization of Enaminones in the Presence of Dichalcogenides Catalyzed by KIO 3. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2280-2290. [PMID: 31457578 PMCID: PMC6641037 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a greener protocol for the one-pot synthesis of 3-Se/S-4H-chromen-4-ones. The desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields using 2-hydroxyphenyl enaminones and half equivalents of various odorless diorganyl dichalcogenides (S/Se) in the presence of glycerol (5 molar equiv) and KIO3 (15 mol %) as the catalyst under solvent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Rafique
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Department
of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women
University, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Alex R. Schneider
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S. Franco
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Symara M. Silva
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Braga
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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16
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Matsui JK, Lang SB, Heitz DR, Molander GA. Photoredox-Mediated Routes to Radicals: The Value of Catalytic Radical Generation in Synthetic Methods Development. ACS Catal 2017; 7:2563-2575. [PMID: 28413692 PMCID: PMC5388068 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has experienced a revitalized interest from the synthesis community during the past decade. For example, photoredox/Ni dual catalysis protocols have been developed to overcome several inherent limitations of palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings by invoking a single-electron transmetalation pathway. This Perspective highlights advances made by our laboratory since the inception of the photoredox/Ni cross-coupling of benzyltrifluoroborates with aryl bromides. In addition to broadening the scope of trifluoroborate coupling partners, research using readily oxidized hypervalent silicates as radical precursors that demonstrate functional group compatibility is highlighted. The pursuit of electrophilic coupling partners beyond (hetero)aryl bromides has also led to the incorporation of several new classes of C(sp2)-hybridized substrates into light-mediated cross-coupling. Advances to expand the radical toolbox by utilizing feedstock chemicals (e.g., aldehydes) to access radicals that were previously inaccessible from trifluoroborates and silicates are also emphasized. Additionally, several organic photocatalysts have been investigated as replacements for their expensive iridium- and ruthenium-based counterparts. Lastly, the net C-H functionalization of the radical partner in an effort to improve atom economy is presented. An underlying theme in all of these studies is the value of generating radicals in a catalytic manner, rather than stoichiometrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Simon B. Lang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Drew R. Heitz
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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17
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Yu FC, Lin XR, Liu ZC, Zhang JH, Liu FF, Wu W, Ma YL, Qu WW, Yan SJ, Lin J. Beyond the Antagonism: Self-Labeled Xanthone Inhibitors as Modeled "Two-in-One" Drugs in Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:873-889. [PMID: 30023617 PMCID: PMC6044579 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Self-labeled inhibitors (SLIs) are promising for creating links, ranging from cancer therapy and metastatic pathways to mechanistic elucidation. In this study, a new category of "two-in-one" fluorescent xanthone inhibitors was developed for the systematic evaluation of anticancer activity and the selective imaging of cytoplasm in vitro. These xanthone inhibitors presented high fluorescent brightness, working over a wide pH range enabled by a "switchable reaction" of the heterocyclic backbone. The strength and nature of fluorescence were probed via spectroscopic methods and density functional theory calculations on the molecular level, respectively. Along with the potent anticancer activity, which was demonstrated using MTT and clonogenic assays with high fluorescent brightness in the cytoplasm, SLI 3fd could be established as a modeled self-monitoring drug in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chao Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of
Education), Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center in University
for Crude Drugs and Pharmaceutical Intermediates, School of Chemical
Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
- Faculty of Life Science
and Technology and Faculty of Science, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Rong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Zhi-Cheng Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of
Education), Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center in University
for Crude Drugs and Pharmaceutical Intermediates, School of Chemical
Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
- Faculty of Life Science
and Technology and Faculty of Science, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science
and Technology and Faculty of Science, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Faculty of Life Science
and Technology and Faculty of Science, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Faculty of Life Science
and Technology and Faculty of Science, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Lu Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of
Education), Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center in University
for Crude Drugs and Pharmaceutical Intermediates, School of Chemical
Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Qu
- Faculty of Life Science
and Technology and Faculty of Science, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Yan
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of
Education), Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center in University
for Crude Drugs and Pharmaceutical Intermediates, School of Chemical
Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of
Education), Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center in University
for Crude Drugs and Pharmaceutical Intermediates, School of Chemical
Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
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18
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Matsui JK, Molander GA. Direct α-Arylation/Heteroarylation of 2-Trifluoroboratochromanones via Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2017; 19:436-439. [PMID: 28078893 PMCID: PMC5295361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Utilizing
photoredox/nickel dual catalysis, diverse flavanones
have been synthesized by coupling novel 2-trifluoroboratochromanone
building blocks with aryl and heteroaryl bromide partners. The newly
reported trifluoroboratochromanones can be easily accessed
from the corresponding chromones on multigram scale. This represents
a general route for accessing natural and unnatural flavanones that
were previously formed through a synthetically more restrictive ring
closure route from chalcone precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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19
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A Morphological identification cell cytotoxicity assay using cytoplasm-localized fluorescent probe (CLFP) to distinguish living and dead cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:257-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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He C, Preiss L, Wang B, Fu L, Wen H, Zhang X, Cui H, Meier T, Yin D. Structural Simplification of Bedaquiline: the Discovery of 3-(4-(N,N-Dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl)quinoline-Derived Antitubercular Lead Compounds. ChemMedChem 2016; 12:106-119. [PMID: 27792278 PMCID: PMC5298006 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bedaquiline (BDQ) is a novel and highly potent last-line antituberculosis drug that was approved by the US FDA in 2013. Owing to its stereo-structural complexity, chemical synthesis and compound optimization are rather difficult and expensive. This study describes the structural simplification of bedaquiline while preserving antitubercular activity. The compound's structure was split into fragments and reassembled in various combinations while replacing the two chiral carbon atoms with an achiral linkage instead. Four series of analogues were designed; these candidates retained their potent antitubercular activity at sub-microgram per mL concentrations against both sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Six out of the top nine MIC-ranked candidates were found to inhibit mycobacterial ATP synthesis activity with IC50 values between 20 and 40 μm, one had IC50 >66 μm, and two showed no inhibition, despite their antitubercular activity. These results provide a basis for the development of chemically less complex, lower-cost bedaquiline derivatives and describe the identification of two derivatives with antitubercular activity against non-ATP synthase related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxian He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function ofNatural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College andChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and DrugabilityEvaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College andChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Laura Preiss
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic TumorResearch Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 97 Ma Chang Street, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic TumorResearch Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 97 Ma Chang Street, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and DrugabilityEvaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College andChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and DrugabilityEvaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College andChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huaqing Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and DrugabilityEvaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College andChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Thomas Meier
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dali Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function ofNatural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College andChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
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21
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Alcívar León C, Echeverría G, Piro O, Ulic S, Jios J, Burgos Paci M, Argüello G. The role of halogen C–X1⋯X2–C contact on the preferred conformation of 2-perhalomethylchromones in solid state. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Mayakrishnan S, Arun Y, Balachandran C, Emi N, Muralidharan D, Perumal PT. Synthesis of cinnolines via Rh(iii)-catalysed dehydrogenative C–H/N–H functionalization: aggregation induced emission and cell imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1958-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02045j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rh(iii) catalysed C–H/N–H functionalization was developed to construct cinnolines. These compounds exhibit prominent fluorescence properties and successfully applied in the cancer cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakalai Mayakrishnan
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI
- Chennai
- India
| | - Yuvaraj Arun
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI
- Chennai
- India
| | | | - Nobuhiko Emi
- Department of Hematology
- Fujita Health University
- Aichi 470-1192
- Japan
| | - Doraiswamy Muralidharan
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI
- Chennai
- India
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23
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Wen H, Cui Q, Meng H, Lai F, Wang S, Zhang X, Chen X, Cui H, Yin D. A high-resolution method to assess cell multinucleation with cytoplasm-localized fluorescent probes. Analyst 2016; 141:4010-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00613b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell multinucleation is closely related to chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jinan
- China
| | - Hui Meng
- College of Pharmacy
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jinan
- China
| | - Fangfang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Huaqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Dali Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- China
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