1
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Rowley JV, Wall PA, Yu H, Howard MJ, Baker DL, Kulak A, Green DC, Thornton PD. Triggered and monitored drug release from bifunctional hybrid nanocomposites. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01227d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-coated carbon dot-containing calcium carbonate nanoparticles are reported as unique nanocomposites capable of encapsulating a chemotherapeutic drug and displaying afterglow behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason V. Rowley
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Patrick A. Wall
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Huayang Yu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark J. Howard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Daniel L. Baker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alexander Kulak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David C. Green
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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2
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Tinajero-Díaz E, Kimmins SD, García-Carvajal ZY, Martínez de Ilarduya A. Polypeptide-based materials prepared by ring-opening polymerisation of anionic-based α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides: A platform for delivery of bioactive-compounds. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Synthesis of poly(Asparagine-co-phenylalanine) copolymers, analogy with thermosensitive poly(acrylamide-co-styrene) copolymers and formation of PEGylated nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Yu H, Ingram N, Rowley JV, Green DC, Thornton PD. Meticulous Doxorubicin Release from pH-Responsive Nanoparticles Entrapped within an Injectable Thermoresponsive Depot. Chemistry 2020; 26:13352-13358. [PMID: 32330327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The dual stimuli-controlled release of doxorubicin from gel-embedded nanoparticles is reported. Non-cytotoxic polymer nanoparticles are formed from poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(benzyl glutamate) that, uniquely, contain a central ester link. This connection renders the nanoparticles pH-responsive, enabling extensive doxorubicin release in acidic solutions (pH 6.5), but not in solutions of physiological pH (pH 7.4). Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles were found to be stable for at least 31 days and lethal against the three breast cancer cell lines tested. Furthermore, doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles could be incorporated within a thermoresponsive poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) gel depot, which forms immediately upon injection of poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) in dimethyl sulfoxide solution into aqueous solution. The combination of the poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) gel and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(benzyl glutamate) nanoparticles yields an injectable doxorubicin delivery system that facilities near-complete drug release when maintained at elevated temperatures (37 °C) in acidic solution (pH 6.5). In contrast, negligible payload release occurs when the material is stored at room temperature in non-acidic solution (pH 7.4). The system has great potential as a vehicle for the prolonged, site-specific release of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Yu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicola Ingram
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jason V Rowley
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David C Green
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul D Thornton
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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5
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Yu H, Ingram N, Rowley JV, Parkinson S, Green DC, Warren NJ, Thornton PD. Thermoresponsive polysarcosine-based nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysarcosine modified with limited molar amounts of (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) yields a block copolymer capable of forming thermoresponsive nanoparticles that are suitable for controlled release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Yu
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - Nicola Ingram
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences
- Wellcome Trust Brenner Building
- St James's University Hospital
- Leeds
- UK
| | | | - Sam Parkinson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
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6
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Gebru H, Wang X, Li Z, Liu J, Xu J, Wang H, Xu S, Wei F, Zhu H, Guo K. Brønsted base mediated one-pot synthesis of catechol-ended amphiphilic polysarcosine-b-poly(N-butyl glycine) diblock copolypeptoids. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Catechol moiety offers a versatile platform in the preparation of functionalized polymers, but it is not usually compatible with catalysis in polymerizations. To address these challenges, we suggest employment of one Brønsted base in masking the activity of catechol moiety and to modulate the polymerization. Based on this strategy, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of sarcosine N-carboxyanhydrides (Sar-NCA) was carried out using dopamine hydrochloride as an initiator and triethylamine as a Brønsted base. PSar with predicted molecular weights (M
n,NMR=3.7 kg mol−1) and narrow dispersities (Đ<1.13) was prepared. Catechol initiator was successfully linked to PSar end as confirmed by MALDI-ToF MS. Subsequently, copolymerization of N-butyl glycine N-carboxyanhydrides (Bu-Gly-NCA) from the PSar in one-pot produced catechol end-functionalized amphiphilic polysarcosine-block-poly(N-butyl glycine) diblock copolypeptoids (cat-PSar-b-PGlyBu). Further, cat-PSar-b-PGlyBu enabled the aqueous dispersion of manganese oxide nanoparticles which was attributable to the anchor of the diblock copolymers onto the surface of the nanoparticles. The strategy for catechol masking and polymerization mediating by one Brønsted base offered a new avenue into the synthesis of catechol-ended block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemariam Gebru
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Mizan-Tepi University , PO Box 260 , Tepi , Ethiopia
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Haixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Songquan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Fulan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
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7
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Birke A, Ling J, Barz M. Polysarcosine-containing copolymers: Synthesis, characterization, self-assembly, and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Mohamed HA, Khuphe M, Boardman SJ, Shepherd S, Phillips RM, Thornton PD, Willans CE. Polymer encapsulation of anticancer silver–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10474-10477. [PMID: 35540495 PMCID: PMC9078921 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers have been developed for the encapsulation of organometallic drugs. silver–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes have shown significant promise as anticancer and antibacterial compounds, and have been studied as the payload in these carriers. Simple modification of the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand structure enables solubility properties and interaction with the polymer to be tuned. Amphiphilic block copolymers have been developed for the encapsulation of silver anticancer drugs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Khuphe
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | | | - S. Shepherd
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Huddersfield
- Huddersfield
- UK
| | - R. M. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Huddersfield
- Huddersfield
- UK
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9
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Duro-Castano A, Nebot VJ, Niño-Pariente A, Armiñán A, Arroyo-Crespo JJ, Paul A, Feiner-Gracia N, Albertazzi L, Vicent MJ. Capturing "Extraordinary" Soft-Assembled Charge-Like Polypeptides as a Strategy for Nanocarrier Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702888. [PMID: 28834624 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of nanomedicines is a challenging task given the complex architectures required for the construction of nanosized carriers with embedded therapeutic properties and the complex interface of these materials with the biological environment. Herein, an unexpected charge-like attraction mechanism of self-assembly for star-shaped polyglutamates in nonsalty aqueous solutions is identified, which matches the ubiquitous "ordinary-extraordinary" phenomenon previously described by physicists. For the first time, a bottom-up methodology for the stabilization of these nanosized soft-assembled star-shaped polyglutamates is also described, enabling the translation of theoretical research into nanomaterials with applicability within the drug-delivery field. Covalent capture of these labile assemblies provides access to unprecedented architectures to be used as nanocarriers. The enhanced in vitro and in vivo properties of these novel nanoconstructs as drug-delivery systems highlight the potential of this approach for tumor-localized as well as lymphotropic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Duro-Castano
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent J Nebot
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amaya Niño-Pariente
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Armiñán
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Arroyo-Crespo
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alison Paul
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Natalia Feiner-Gracia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Price DJ, Khuphe M, Davies RPW, McLaughlan JR, Ingram N, Thornton PD. Poly(amino acid)-polyester graft copolymer nanoparticles for the acid-mediated release of doxorubicin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8687-8690. [PMID: 28722060 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have emerged as highly effective drug delivery vehicles. We combine N-carboxyanhydride and O-carboxyanhydride ring opening polymerisations to synthesise a poly(amino acid)-polyester graft copolymer capable of encapsulating, and subsequently releasing doxorubicin via acid-mediated hydrolysis. Consequently, the nanoparticles detailed are extremely promising vehicles for the controlled delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert P W Davies
- Oral Biology (School of Dentistry), University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James R McLaughlan
- School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicola Ingram
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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11
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12
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Cui S, Pan X, Gebru H, Wang X, Liu J, Liu J, Li Z, Guo K. Amphiphilic star-shaped poly(sarcosine)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and solution properties. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:679-690. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We firstly synthesized amphiphilic three-armed star-shaped poly(sarcosine)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers (s-PSar-b-PCLs), and investigated the solution properties and biocompatibility of the copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saide Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xianfu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Hailemariam Gebru
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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13
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Shirbin SJ, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Heath DE, Qiao GG. Macroporous Hydrogels Composed Entirely of Synthetic Polypeptides: Biocompatible and Enzyme Biodegradable 3D Cellular Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2981-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Shirbin
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel E. Heath
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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14
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Khuphe M, Mahon CS, Thornton PD. Glucose-bearing biodegradable poly(amino acid) and poly(amino acid)-poly(ester) conjugates for controlled payload release. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1792-1801. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00535g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The glucoseamine-initiated ring-opening polymerisation of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides and O-carboxanhydrides to yield amphiphilic block copolymers that are capable of self-assembly in aqueous solution to form well-defined, glucose-presenting, particles is reported.
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15
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Yao Y, Xu D, Liu C, Guan Y, Zhang J, Su Y, Zhao L, Meng F, Luo J. Biodegradable pH-sensitive polyurethane micelles with different polyethylene glycol (PEG) locations for anti-cancer drug carrier applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20613a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable pH sensitive polyurethane micelles with a dense brush like coating of PEG were prepared. The PTX-loaded PEG-g-PU-3 micelles exhibited potent cytotoxicity against H460 cancer cells compared to PEG-b-PU-3 and PEG-c-PU-3 micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Yao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- China
| | - Deqiu Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- China
| | - Yayuan Guan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- China
| | - Jiya Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- China
| | - Yuling Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- China
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- China
| | - Fancui Meng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- China
| | - Jianbin Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- China
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16
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Khuphe M, Mukonoweshuro B, Kazlauciunas A, Thornton PD. A vegetable oil-based organogel for use in pH-mediated drug delivery. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:9160-9167. [PMID: 26414286 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organogels prepared with vegetable oils as the liquid organic phase present an excellent platform for the controlled delivery of hydrophobic guest molecules. We disclose a graft copolymer comprised of a poly(L-serine) backbone linked to alkane side-chains by hydrolytically susceptible ester bonds, that is capable of gelating edible safflower oil. The thermoresponsive organogel formed, which is non-cytotoxic, is capable of withholding guest molecules before undergoing targeted disassembly upon incubation in solutions of acidic pH, permitting the directed release of payload molecules. The presented material offers an extremely promising candidate for the controlled delivery of hydrophobic agents within acidic environments, such as cancer tumour sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mthulisi Khuphe
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Blessing Mukonoweshuro
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Paul D Thornton
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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