1
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Chen D, Lepori C, Guillot R, Gil R, Bezzenine S, Hannedouche J. A Rationally Designed Iron(II) Catalyst for C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) and C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408419. [PMID: 38774966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite the paramount importance of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) in academia and industry, and the great promise of iron to offer sustainable catalysis, iron-catalyzed SMC involving sp3-hybridized partners is still in its infancy. We herein report the development of a versatile, well-defined electron-deficient anilido-aldimine iron(II) catalyst. This catalyst effectively performed C(sp3)-C(sp2) and C(sp3)-C(sp3) SMC of alkyl halide electrophiles and (hetero)aryl boronic ester and alkyl borane nucleophiles respectively, in the presence of a lithium amide base. These couplings operated under mild reaction conditions and displayed wide functional group compatibility including various medicinally relevant N-, O- and S-based heterocycles. They also tolerated primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides (Br, Cl, I), electron-neutral, -rich and -poor boronic esters and primary and secondary alkyl boranes. Our methodology could be directly and efficiently applied to synthesize key intermediates relevant to pharmaceuticals and a potential drug candidate. For C(sp3)-C(sp2) couplings, radical probe experiments militated in favor of a carbon-centered radical derived from the electrophile. At the same time, reactions run with a pre-formed activated boron nucleophile coupled to competition experiments supported the involvement of neutral, rather than an anionic, (hetero)aryl boronic ester in the key transmetalation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghuang Chen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Clément Lepori
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Richard Gil
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Bezzenine
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
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2
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Wearing ER, Yeh YC, Terrones GG, Parikh SG, Kevlishvili I, Kulik HJ, Schindler CS. Visible light-mediated aza Paternò-Büchi reaction of acyclic oximes and alkenes to azetidines. Science 2024; 384:1468-1476. [PMID: 38935726 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj6771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The aza Paternò-Büchi reaction is a [2+2]-cycloaddition reaction between imines and alkenes that produces azetidines, four-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Currently, successful examples rely primarily on either intramolecular variants or cyclic imine equivalents. To unlock the full synthetic potential of aza Paternò-Büchi reactions, it is essential to extend the reaction to acyclic imine equivalents. Here, we report that matching of the frontier molecular orbital energies of alkenes with those of acyclic oximes enables visible light-mediated aza Paternò-Büchi reactions through triplet energy transfer catalysis. The utility of this reaction is further showcased in the synthesis of epi-penaresidin B. Density functional theory computations reveal that a competition between the desired [2+2]-cycloaddition and alkene dimerization determines the success of the reaction. Frontier orbital energy matching between the reactive components lowers transition-state energy (ΔGǂ) values and ultimately promotes reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Wearing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gianmarco G Terrones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seren G Parikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Corinna S Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1 BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC, Canada
- BC Cancer, Vancouver V5Z 1G1 BC, Canada
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3
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Yang H, Chen Z, Guo W, Gu Z. Synthesis of 2-Aryl Azetidines through Pd-Catalyzed Migration/Coupling of 3-Iodoazetidines and Aryl Boronic Acids. Org Lett 2022; 24:5731-5735. [PMID: 35901169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 3-iodoazetidines and nonheteroaryl boronic acids was reported. The [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yldicyclohexylphosphane ligand enabled the reaction that favored the formation of 2-aryl azetidines. The control experiments indicated that the reaction can proceed through either a palladium-hydride/dihydroazete complex or free dihydroazete intermediate followed by hydropalladation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
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4
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Musci P, Colella M, Altomare A, Romanazzi G, Sheikh NS, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Dynamic Phenomena and Complexation Effects in the α-Lithiation and Asymmetric Functionalization of Azetidines. Molecules 2022; 27:2847. [PMID: 35566200 PMCID: PMC9103493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work it is demonstrated that enantiomerically enriched N-alkyl 2-oxazolinylazetidines undergo exclusive α-lithiation, and that the resulting lithiated intermediate is chemically stable but configurationally labile under the given experimental conditions that afford enantioenriched N-alkyl-2,2-disubstituted azetidines. Although this study reveals the configurational instability of the diastereomeric lithiated azetidines, it points out an interesting stereoconvergence of such lithiated intermediates towards the thermodynamically stable species, making the overall process highly stereoselective (er > 95:5, dr > 85:15) after trapping with electrophiles. This peculiar behavior has been rationalized by considering the dynamics at the azetidine nitrogen atom, the inversion at the C-Li center supported by in situ FT-IR experiments, and DFT calculations that suggested the presence of η3-coordinated species for diastereomeric lithiated azetidines. The described situation contrasted with the demonstrated stability of the smaller lithiated aziridine analogue. The capability of oxazolinylazetidines to undergo different reaction patterns with organolithium bases supports the model termed “dynamic control of reactivity” of relevance in organolithium chemistry. It has been demonstrated that only 2,2-substituted oxazolinylazetidines with suitable stereochemical requirements could undergo C=N addition of organolithiums in non-coordinating solvents, leading to useful precursors of chiral (er > 95:5) ketoazetidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantaleo Musci
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Angela Altomare
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Christallography IC-CNR, Via Amendola 127/A, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Romanazzi
- DICATECh—Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.C.)
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5
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Bakas NJ, Sears JD, Brennessel WW, Neidig ML. A TMEDA-Iron Adduct Reaction Manifold in Iron-Catalyzed C(sp 2 )-C(sp 3 ) Cross-Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114986. [PMID: 35104376 PMCID: PMC8968675 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we expand the current molecular-level understanding of one of the most important and effective additives in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA). Focusing on relevant phenyl and ethyl Grignard reagents and slow nucleophile addition protocols commonly used in effective catalytic systems, TMEDA-iron(II)-aryl intermediates are identified via in situ spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and detailed reaction studies to be a part of an iron(II)/(III)/(I) reaction cycle where radical recombination with FePhBr(TMEDA) (2Ph ) results in selective product formation in high yield. These results differ from prior studies with mesityl Grignard reagent, where poor product selectivity and low catalytic performance can be attributed to homoleptic iron-ate species. Overall, this study represents a critical advance in how amine additives such as TMEDA can modulate selectivity and reactivity of organoiron species in cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki J Bakas
- Department of Chemistry, B31 Hutchison Hall, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Sears
- Department of Chemistry, B31 Hutchison Hall, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, B31 Hutchison Hall, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, B31 Hutchison Hall, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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6
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Bakas NJ, Sears JD, Brennessel WW, Neidig ML. A TMEDA–Iron Adduct Reaction Manifold in Iron‐Catalyzed C(sp
2
)−C(sp
3
) Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki J. Bakas
- Department of Chemistry B31 Hutchison Hall University of Rochester 120 Trustee Rd Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Sears
- Department of Chemistry B31 Hutchison Hall University of Rochester 120 Trustee Rd Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry B31 Hutchison Hall University of Rochester 120 Trustee Rd Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Department of Chemistry B31 Hutchison Hall University of Rochester 120 Trustee Rd Rochester NY 14627 USA
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7
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Kar S, Sanderson H, Roy K, Benfenati E, Leszczynski J. Green Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3637-3710. [PMID: 34910451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The principles of green chemistry (GC) can be comprehensively implemented in green synthesis of pharmaceuticals by choosing no solvents or green solvents (preferably water), alternative reaction media, and consideration of one-pot synthesis, multicomponent reactions (MCRs), continuous processing, and process intensification approaches for atom economy and final waste reduction. The GC's execution in green synthesis can be performed using a holistic design of the active pharmaceutical ingredient's (API) life cycle, minimizing hazards and pollution, and capitalizing the resource efficiency in the synthesis technique. Thus, the presented review accounts for the comprehensive exploration of GC's principles and metrics, an appropriate implication of those ideas in each step of the reaction schemes, from raw material to an intermediate to the final product's synthesis, and the final execution of the synthesis into scalable industry-based production. For real-life examples, we have discussed the synthesis of a series of established generic pharmaceuticals, starting with the raw materials, and the intermediates of the corresponding pharmaceuticals. Researchers and industries have thoughtfully instigated a green synthesis process to control the atom economy and waste reduction to protect the environment. We have extensively discussed significant reactions relevant for green synthesis, one-pot cascade synthesis, MCRs, continuous processing, and process intensification, which may contribute to the future of green and sustainable synthesis of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratik Kar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Hans Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Science, Section for Toxicology and Chemistry, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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8
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Colella M, Musci P, Cannillo D, Spennacchio M, Aramini A, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Development of a Continuous Flow Synthesis of 2-Substituted Azetines and 3-Substituted Azetidines by Using a Common Synthetic Precursor. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13943-13954. [PMID: 34291947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The generation and functionalization, under continuous flow conditions, of two different lithiated four-membered aza-heterocycles is reported. N-Boc-3-iodoazetidine acts as a common synthetic platform for the genesis of C3-lithiated azetidine and C2-lithiated azetine depending on the lithiation agent. Flow technology enables easy handling of such lithiated intermediates at much higher temperatures compared to batch processing. Flow technology combined with cyclopentylmethyl ether as an environmentally responsible solvent allows us to address sustainability concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Musci
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Debora Cannillo
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Spennacchio
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Aramini
- Department of Discovery, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Campo di Pile, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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9
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Nugent J, Shire BR, Caputo DFJ, Pickford HD, Nightingale F, Houlsby ITT, Mousseau JJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of All-Carbon Disubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iron-Catalyzed Kumada Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11866-11870. [PMID: 32346946 PMCID: PMC7383991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important motifs in drug design as surrogates for p-substituted arenes and alkynes. Access to all-carbon disubstituted BCPs via cross-coupling has to date been limited to use of the BCP as the organometallic component, which restricts scope due to the harsh conditions typically required for the synthesis of metallated BCPs. Here we report a general method to access 1,3-C-disubstituted BCPs from 1-iodo-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (iodo-BCPs) by direct iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl and heteroaryl Grignard reagents. This chemistry represents the first general use of iodo-BCPs as electrophiles in cross-coupling, and the first Kumada coupling of tertiary iodides. Benefiting from short reaction times, mild conditions, and broad scope of the coupling partners, it enables the synthesis of a wide range of 1,3-C-disubstituted BCPs including various drug analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Bethany R. Shire
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Dimitri F. J. Caputo
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Helena D. Pickford
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Frank Nightingale
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Ian T. T. Houlsby
- Syngenta Ltd.Jealott's Hill International Research CentreBracknellRG42 6EYUK
| | | | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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10
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Nugent J, Shire BR, Caputo DFJ, Pickford HD, Nightingale F, Houlsby ITT, Mousseau JJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of All‐Carbon Disubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iron‐Catalyzed Kumada Cross‐Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Bethany R. Shire
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Dimitri F. J. Caputo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Helena D. Pickford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Frank Nightingale
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Ian T. T. Houlsby
- Syngenta Ltd. Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell RG42 6EY UK
| | | | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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11
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Liu Z, Luan N, Shen L, Li J, Zou D, Wu Y, Wu Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Hiyama Cross-Couplings of Arylsilanes with 3-Iodoazetidine: Synthesis of 3-Arylazetidines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12358-12365. [PMID: 31532668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The first palladium-catalyzed Hiyama cross-coupling reactions of arylsilanes with 3-iodoazetidine were described. The protocol provides a convenient access to a variety of useful 3-arylazetidines which are of great interest in pharmaceutical laboratories in moderate to good yields (30%-88%). In addition, this strategy has the advantage of easy operation and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Liu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Luan
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Linhua Shen
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Li
- Tetranov Biopharm, LLC. and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Zhengzhou , 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Zou
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China.,Tetranov Biopharm, LLC. and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Zhengzhou , 450052 , People's Republic of China.,Tetranov International, Inc. 100 Jersey Avenue, Suite A340 , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Yangjie Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
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12
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Reidl TW, Anderson LL. Divergent Functionalizations of Azetidines and Unsaturated Azetidines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Reidl
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago, IL USA
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago, IL USA
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13
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Mondal K, Halder P, Gopalan G, Sasikumar P, Radhakrishnan KV, Das P. Chloroform as a CO surrogate: applications and recent developments. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5212-5222. [PMID: 31080990 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The carbonyl moiety is one of the indispensable sub-units in organic synthesis with significant applications in medicinal as well as materials chemistry. Hence the insertion of a carbonyl group via simple and highly efficient routes has been one of the most challenging tasks for organic chemists. Though the direct utilisation of CO gas in carbonylation is the fundamental procedure for the construction of carbonyl compounds, it has certain drawbacks due to its toxic and explosive nature. As a result, the need for cheap and efficient CO surrogates has gained much attention nowadays by which CO gas can be easily generated in situ or ex situ. In this review we discuss the advantages of chloroform as CO surrogate and have surveyed recent carbonylation reactions where chloroform has been used as CO source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Mondal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004, India.
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14
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Piontek A, Bisz E, Szostak M. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals: In Pursuit of Sustainability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11116-11128. [PMID: 29460380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of precious metals has led to the development of sustainable strategies for metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The establishment of new catalytic methods using iron is attractive owing to the low cost, abundance, ready availability, and very low toxicity of iron. In the last few years, sustainable methods for iron-catalyzed cross-couplings have entered the critical area of pharmaceutical research. Most notably, iron is one of the very few metals that have been successfully field-tested as highly effective base-metal catalysts in practical, kilogram-scale industrial cross-couplings. In this Minireview, we critically discuss the strategic benefits of using iron catalysts as green and sustainable alternatives to precious metals in cross-coupling applications for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. The Minireview provides an essential introduction to the fundamental aspects of practical iron catalysis, highlights areas for improvement, and identifies new fields to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Piontek
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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15
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Piontek A, Bisz E, Szostak M. Eisenkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungen in der Synthese von Pharmazeutika: Streben nach Nachhaltigkeit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Piontek
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street 45-052 Opole Polen
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street 45-052 Opole Polen
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street 45-052 Opole Polen
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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16
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Barré B, Gonnard L, Guérinot A, Cossy J. Cobalt-Catalyzed (Hetero)arylation of Saturated Cyclic Amines with Grignard Reagents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061449. [PMID: 29904007 PMCID: PMC6099817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(Hetero)aryl substituted saturated cyclic amines are ubiquitous scaffolds in biologically active molecules. Metal-catalyzed cross-couplings between halogeno N-heterocycles and organometallic species are efficient and modular reactions to access these attractive scaffolds. An overview of our work concerning the cobalt-catalyzed arylation of iodo-substituted cyclic amines is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Barré
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University 10, rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Laurine Gonnard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University 10, rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Amandine Guérinot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University 10, rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University 10, rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
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17
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Dequirez G, Bourotte M, Porras de Francisco E, Remuiñan Blanco MJ, Déprez B, Willand N. Microwave-Assisted Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling using Nickel as Catalyst to Rapidly Access to 3-Arylazetidine. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Dequirez
- Université de Lille; Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 (Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems); F-59000 Lille France
| | - Marilyne Bourotte
- Université de Lille; Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 (Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems); F-59000 Lille France
| | - Esther Porras de Francisco
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW); Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC); GlaxoSmithKline; Severo Ochoa 2 28760 Tres Cantos Spain
| | - Modesto J. Remuiñan Blanco
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW); Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC); GlaxoSmithKline; Severo Ochoa 2 28760 Tres Cantos Spain
| | - Benoit Déprez
- Université de Lille; Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 (Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems); F-59000 Lille France
| | - Nicolas Willand
- Université de Lille; Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 (Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems); F-59000 Lille France
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18
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Reidl TW, Son J, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Facile Synthesis of Azetidine Nitrones and Diastereoselective Conversion into Densely Substituted Azetidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11579-11583. [PMID: 28707372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An electrocyclization route to azetidine nitrones from N-alkenylnitrones was discovered that provides facile access to these unsaturated strained heterocycles. Reactivity studies showed that these compounds undergo a variety of reduction, cycloaddition, and nucleophilic addition reactions to form highly substituted azetidines with excellent diastereoselectivity. Taken together, these transformations provide a fundamentally different approach to azetidine synthesis than traditional cyclization by nucleophilic displacement and provide novel access to a variety of underexplored strained heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W Reidl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald J Wink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Reidl TW, Son J, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Facile Synthesis of Azetidine Nitrones and Diastereoselective Conversion into Densely Substituted Azetidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Reidl
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Donald J. Wink
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
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20
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Zhang Y, Geng Z, Li J, Zou D, Wu Y, Wu Y. Ligand-Controlled Palladium-Catalyzed Pyridylation of 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-3-iodoazetidine: Regioselective Synthesis of 2- and 3-Heteroarylazetidines. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Geng
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Li
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Zou
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Henan Province People's Republic of China
- Tetranov International, Inc.; 100 Jersey Avenue, Suite A340 New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
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21
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Antermite D, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Recent advances in the chemistry of metallated azetidines. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:34-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01665k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The almost unexplored four-membered azetidines represent a particularly interesting class of molecules, among the family of saturated nitrogen heterocycles. This review reports recent developments in direct metal-based functionalization of the azetidine ring, focusing on the regio- and stereoselectivity of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Antermite
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari
- Bari 70125
- Italy
| | | | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari
- Bari 70125
- Italy
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22
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Pancholi AK, Geden JV, Clarkson GJ, Shipman M. Asymmetric Synthesis of 2-Substituted Azetidin-3-ones via Metalated SAMP/RAMP Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7984-92. [PMID: 27447363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
2-Substituted azetidin-3-ones can be prepared in good yields and enantioselectivities (up to 85% ee) by a one-pot procedure involving the metalation of the SAMP/RAMP hydrazones of N-Boc-azetidin-3-one, reaction with a wide range of electrophiles, including alkyl, allyl, and benzyl halides and carbonyl compounds, followed by hydrolysis using oxalic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa K Pancholi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna V Geden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Shipman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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23
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Guérinot A, Cossy J. Iron-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Couplings Using Organometallics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:49. [PMID: 27573401 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, iron-catalyzed cross-couplings have emerged as an important tool for the formation of C-C bonds. A wide variety of alkenyl, aryl, and alkyl (pseudo)halides have been coupled to organometallic reagents, the most currently used being Grignard reagents. Particular attention has been devoted to the development of iron catalysts for the functionalization of alkyl halides that are generally challenging substrates in classical cross-couplings. The high functional group tolerance of iron-catalyzed cross-couplings has encouraged organic chemists to use them in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Even if some points remain obscure, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling and several hypotheses have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Guérinot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL* Research Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL* Research Institute, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Legros
- Normandie Université COBRA UMR 6014 Université Rouen INSA Rouen and CNRS 1 rue Lucien Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Bruno Figadère
- CNRS BioCIS UMR 8076 Labex LERMIT Université Paris Sud and CNRS 5 rue J. B. Clément 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
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25
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Mako TL, Byers JA. Recent advances in iron-catalysed cross coupling reactions and their mechanistic underpinning. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in iron-catalysed cross coupling from 2010–2015 are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston College
- Chestnut Hill
- USA
| | - J. A. Byers
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston College
- Chestnut Hill
- USA
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26
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27
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Jensen KL, Nielsen DU, Jamison TF. A General Strategy for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Azetidines and Aziridines through Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Chemistry 2015; 21:7379-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Nassoy ACMA, Raubo P, Harrity JPA. Synthesis and indole coupling reactions of azetidine and oxetane sulfinate salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5914-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00975h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azetidine and oxetane sulfinate salts are easily prepared from commercially available 3-iodoheterocycle precursors in a three-step sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Raubo
- Research and Development
- AstraZeneca
- Macclesfield
- UK
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