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Şologan M, Padelli F, Giachetti I, Aquino D, Boccalon M, Adami G, Pengo P, Pasquato L. Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for Proton and Dual Proton/Fluorine MRI. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E879. [PMID: 31200518 PMCID: PMC6631171 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles carrying fluorinated ligands in their monolayer are, by themselves, contrast agents for 19F magnetic resonance imaging displaying high sensitivity because of the high density of fluorine nuclei achievable by grafting suitable ligands on the gold core surface. Functionalization of these nanoparticles with Gd(III) chelates allows adding a further functional activity to these systems, developing materials also acting as contrast agents for proton magnetic resonance imaging. These dual mode contrast agents may allow capitalizing on the benefits of 1H and 19F magnetic resonance imaging in a single diagnostic session. In this work, we describe a proof of principle of this approach by studying these nanoparticles in a high field preclinical scanner. The Gd(III) centers within the nanoparticles monolayer shorten considerably the 19F T1 of the ligands but, nevertheless, these systems display strong and sharp NMR signals which allow recording good quality 19F MRI phantom images at nanoparticle concentration of 20 mg/mL after proper adjustment of the imaging sequence. The Gd(III) centers also influence the T1 relaxation time of the water protons and high quality 1H MRI images could be obtained. Gold nanoparticles protected by hydrogenated ligands and decorated with Gd(III) chelates are reported for comparison as 1H MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Şologan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Francesco Padelli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Isabella Giachetti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Domenico Aquino
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Boccalon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gianpiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- INSTM Trieste Research Unit, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paolo Pengo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lucia Pasquato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- INSTM Trieste Research Unit, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Fluorinated MRI contrast agents and their versatile applications in the biomedical field. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1157-1175. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI has been recognized as one of the most applied medical imaging techniques in clinical practice. However, the presence of background signal coming from water protons in surrounding tissues makes sometimes the visualization of local contrast agents difficult. To remedy this, fluorine has been introduced as a reliable perspective, thanks to its magnetic properties being relatively close to those of protons. In this review, we aim to give an overall description of fluorine incorporation in contrast agents for MRI. The different kinds of fluorinated probes such as perfluorocarbons, fluorinated dendrimers, polymers and paramagnetic probes will be described, as will their imaging applications such as chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging, physico-chemical changes detection, drug delivery, cell tracking and inflammation or tumors detection.
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Peterson KL, Srivastava K, Pierre VC. Fluorinated Paramagnetic Complexes: Sensitive and Responsive Probes for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging. Front Chem 2018; 6:160. [PMID: 29876342 PMCID: PMC5974164 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of chemical and physiological processes is becoming more widespread. The strength of this technique comes from the negligible background signal in in vivo19F MRI and the large chemical shift window of 19F that enables it to image concomitantly more than one marker. These same advantages have also been successfully exploited in the design of responsive 19F probes. Part of the recent growth of this technique can be attributed to novel designs of 19F probes with improved imaging parameters due to the incorporation of paramagnetic metal ions. In this review, we provide a description of the theories and strategies that have been employed successfully to improve the sensitivity of 19F probes with paramagnetic metal ions. The Bloch-Wangsness-Redfield theory accurately predicts how molecular parameters such as internuclear distance, geometry, rotational correlation times, as well as the nature, oxidation state, and spin state of the metal ion affect the sensitivity of the fluorine-based probes. The principles governing the design of responsive 19F probes are subsequently described in a "how to" guide format. Examples of such probes and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted through a synopsis of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN, United States
| | - Kriti Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Valérie C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Sarkar A, Biton IE, Neeman M, Datta A. A macrocyclic 19 F-MR based probe for Mn 2+ sensing. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zhang K, Xu XH, Qing FL. Copper-catalyzed oxidative trifluoroethoxylation of aryl boronic acids with CF 3 CH 2 OH. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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