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Vasiļevska A, Slanina T. Structure-property-function relationships of stabilized and persistent C- and N-based triaryl radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:252-264. [PMID: 38086625 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05706b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Structurally similar C- and N-based triaryl radicals are among the most commonly used structural motifs in stable, open-shell, organic molecules. The application of such species is associated with their stability, properties and structural design. This study summarizes the basic stabilization and persistence principles of C- and N-based triaryl radicals and highlights recent advances in design strategies of radicals tailored for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vasiļevska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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2
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Chang D, Zhu J, Sun Y, Chi K, Qiao Y, Wang T, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Lu X. From closed-shell edge-extended kekulenes to open-shell carbonylated cycloarene diradicaloid. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6087-6094. [PMID: 37293645 PMCID: PMC10246668 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise synthesis of cycloarenes remains a challenging topic in both organic chemistry and materials science due to their unique fully fused macrocyclic π-conjugated structure. Herein, a series of alkoxyl- and aryl-cosubstituted cycloarenes (kekulene and edge-extended kekulene derivatives, K1-K3) were conveniently synthesized and an unexpected transformation of the anthryl-containing cycloarene K3 into a carbonylated cycloarene derivative K3-R was disclosed by controlling the temperature and gas atmosphere of the Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed cyclization reaction. All their molecular structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The crystallographic data, NMR measurements, and theoretical calculations reveal their rigid quasi-planar skeletons, dominant local aromaticities, and decreasing intermolecular π-π stacking distance with extension of the two opposite edges. The much lower oxidation potential for K3 by cyclic voltammetry explains its unique reactivity. Moreover, carbonylated cycloarene derivative K3-R shows a remarkable stability, large diradical character, a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T = -1.81 kcal mol-1), and weak intramolecular spin-spin coupling. Most importantly, it represents the first example of carbonylated cycloarene diradicaloids as well as the first example of radical-acceptor cycloarenes and will shed some light on synthesis of extended kekulenes and conjugated macrocyclic diradicaloids and polyradicaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jiangyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yutao Sun
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Kai Chi
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yanjun Qiao
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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Hill NDD, Lilienthal E, Bender CO, Boeré RT. Accurate Crystal Structures of C 12H 9CN, C 12H 8(CN) 2, and C 16H 11CN Valence Isomers Using Nonspherical Atomic Scattering Factors. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16213-16229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. D. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Elaura Lilienthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Christopher O. Bender
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
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Yamada H, Kuzuhara D, Suzuki M, Hayashi H, Aratani N. Synthesis and Morphological Control of Organic Semiconducting Materials Using the Precursor Approach. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Choe E. Roles and action mechanisms of herbs added to the emulsion on its lipid oxidation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1165-1179. [PMID: 32802555 PMCID: PMC7406613 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality of food emulsions is mainly determined by their physicochemical stability such as lipid oxidation, and herbs as antioxidative food materials are added to improve their quality and shelf-life. Despite the extensive researches, the chemistry and implications of herb addition in the lipid oxidation of emulsions are still confusing. This review intended to provide the information on the roles and action mechanisms of herbs in the lipid oxidation of food emulsions, with focuses on polyphenols. Polyphenols act as antioxidants mainly via reactive oxygen species scavenging and metal chelating; however, their oxidation products and reducing capacity to more reactive metal ions increase the lipid oxidation. Factors such as structure, concentration, and distribution determine their anti- or prooxidant role. Interactions, synergism and antagonism, among polyphenol compounds and the effects of tocopherols derived from oil on the antioxidant activity of herbs were also described with the involving action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunok Choe
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212 Republic of Korea
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Ma Y, Jia ZM, Bai FY, Pan XM, Zhao L. Theoretical study on the formation mechanisms, dynamics and the effective catalysis of the nitrophenols. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of; China
| | - Zi-man Jia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California, Los Angeles, California; 90095 United States
| | - Feng-yang Bai
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of; China
| | - Xiu-mei Pan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of; China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of; China
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De J, Gupta SP, Bala I, Kumar S, Pal SK. Phase Behavior of a New Class of Anthraquinone-Based Discotic Liquid Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13849-13860. [PMID: 29117677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Five novel columnar liquid crystalline compounds (4.1-4.5) consisting of a central anthraquinone core carrying four alkoxy chains (R = n-C6H13, n-C8H17, n-C10H21, n-C12H25, and 3,7-dimethyl octyl) with two diagonally opposite 1-ethynyl-4-pentylbenzene units were synthesized, and their phase transitions were investigated between changes in the molecular structure and their self-assembly into the columnar mesophases. Small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) studies were performed to deduce the exact nature of the mesophases, and their corresponding electron density maps were derived from the intensities of the peaks observed in the diffraction patterns. A comparison of compounds with different alkoxy chains indicated that the soft crystal columnar rectangular (Crcolrec) phase was stable at lower temperature for the shortest peripheral alkoxy chain (4.1; R = n-C6H13) and was found to exhibit the columnar hexagonal (Colh) phase and then the discotic nematic (ND) phase with increasing temperature. In contrast, increasing the peripheral chain length to n-C8H17 or the branched one (4.2 and 4.5) stabilized the Colh phase at lower temperature and showed the ND phase at higher temperature. Further increase in chain length (4.3 and 4.4; n-C10H21, n-C12H25) demonstrated the formation of the ND phase. Conductivity measurement in the Colh mesophase was found to be almost 10 times higher in magnitude than the corresponding Crcolrec phase. The HOMO-LUMO band gap of all the compounds was found to be in the range from 2.79 to 2.82 eV, which is quite less and comparable with the optical energy band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Santosh Prasad Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute , C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560 080, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
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Miao F, Lim ZL, Hu P, Dong S, Qi Q, Zhang X, Wu J. BODIPY blocked anthroxyl radicals: the substituent effect on reactivity and fluorescence turn-on detection of a hydroxyl radical. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3188-3191. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00586e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stable BODIPY-substituted anthroxyl radicals were obtained, which can be used for selective fluorescence turn-on detection of a hydroxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Miao
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Zheng Long Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Qingbiao Qi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Innovis
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De J, Setia S, Pal SK. Synthesis, Mesomorphism and Photoluminescence of a New Class of Anthracene-based Discotic Liquid Crystals. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City; Manauli- 140306 India
| | - Shilpa Setia
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City; Manauli- 140306 India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City; Manauli- 140306 India
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Hong N, Qiu X, Deng W, He Z, Li Y. Effect of aggregation behavior and phenolic hydroxyl group content on the performance of lignosulfonate doped PEDOT as a hole extraction layer in polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19676k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation behaviour and –OH content of lignosulfonate play a key role for the promising performance when PEDOT:LS acts as the HEL in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanlong Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhicai He
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
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Hayashi H, Suzuki M, Kuzuhara D, Aratani N, Yamada H. Development and Application of Extended π-Conjugated Functional Materials for Solution-Processed Organic Devices. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
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