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Franquesa-Viñas P, Ribas-Ariño J, Santiago R, Deumal M. Enhancing Intramolecular Ferromagnetic Coupling in Tetrathiafulvalene-Nitronyl Nitroxide-Based Compounds through Spin Polarization Mechanism. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400166. [PMID: 38530333 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Spin-polarized donor radicals based on tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives and nitronyl nitroxide (NN) radicals in which one-electron oxidation involves the HOMO instead of the SOMO are well known for exhibiting magnetoresistance. In particular, BTBN consists of one dibromo-TTF and one NN radical, which are linked by a phenyl coupler group. One of the key factors driving magnetoresistance is the presence of intramolecular ferromagnetic (FM) coupling between the oxidized π-donor (TTF+⋅, D unit) and NN (R unit). Here, a theoretical study is carried out to assess suitable candidates with enhanced FM coupling with respect BTBN, which is thus used as a reference. The study is conducted via in silico chemical modification of the substituents of the BTBN basic functional units (D and R radicals, C coupler) to benefit from the spin polarization mechanism to boost the intramolecular FM coupling, aiming to distort the BTBN radical arrangement within the molecular crystal as little as possible, in the event the material can be synthesized. NICSiso(1) and Wiberg's Bond Order are analyzed to further assist in identifying promising potential candidates, since the decrease in aromaticity is expected to enhance the diradical character and give rise to a larger magnetic coupling value. The most favorable diradical building block to replace the BTBN moiety results from using a hydroxyl-ethylene (-(H)C=C(OH)-) as a coupler preserving BTBN original radicals, namely, NN and TTF+⋅ units. This study aims at illustrating the feasibility of improving the intramolecular FM interaction between radical moieties, which is fully realized, as a first step towards the synthesis of new materials with (possibly) enhanced magnetoresistance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Franquesa-Viñas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona
| | - Jordi Ribas-Ariño
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona
| | - Raul Santiago
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona
| | - Mercè Deumal
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona
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Beldjoudi Y, Nascimento MA, Cho YJ, Yu H, Aziz H, Tonouchi D, Eguchi K, Matsushita MM, Awaga K, Osorio-Roman I, Constantinides CP, Rawson JM. Multifunctional Dithiadiazolyl Radicals: Fluorescence, Electroluminescence, and Photoconducting Behavior in Pyren-1'-yl-dithiadiazolyl. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6260-6270. [PMID: 29688006 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pyren-1'-yl-functionalized dithiadiazolyl (DTDA) radical, C16H9CNSSN (1), is monomeric in solution and exhibits fluorescence in the deep-blue region of the visible spectrum (440 nm) upon excitation at 241 nm. The salt [1][GaCl4] exhibits similar emission, reflecting the largely spectator nature of the radical in the fluorescence process, although the presence of the radical leads to a modest quenching of emission (ΦF = 98% for 1+ and 50% for 1) through enhancement of non-radiative decay processes. Time-dependent density functional theory studies on 1 coupled with the similar emission profiles of both 1+ and 1 are consistent with the initial excitation being of predominantly pyrene π-π* character. Spectroscopic studies indicate stabilization of the excited state in polar media, with the fluorescence lifetime for 1 (τ = 5 ns) indicative of a short-lived excited state. Comparative studies between the energies of the frontier orbitals of pyren-1'-yl nitronyl nitroxide (2, which is not fluorescent) and 1 reveal that the energy mismatch and poor spatial overlap between the DTDA radical SOMO and the pyrene π manifold in 1 efficiently inhibit the non-radiative electron-electron exchange relaxation pathway previously described for 2. Solid-state films of both 1 and [1][GaCl4] exhibit broad emission bands at 509 and 545 nm, respectively. Incorporation of 1 within a host matrix for OLED fabrication revealed electroluminescence, with CIE coordinates of (0.205, 0.280) corresponding to a sky-blue emission. The brightness of the device reached 1934 cd/m2 at an applied voltage of 16 V. The crystal structure of 1 reveals a distorted π-stacked motif with almost regular distances between the pyrene rings but alternating long-short contacts between DTDA radicals. Solid state measurements on a thin film of 1 reveal emission occurs at shorter wavelengths (375 nm) whereas conductivity measurements on a single crystal of 1 show a photoconducting response at longer wavelength excitation (455 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Beldjoudi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Mitchell A Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Yong Joo Cho
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , ON N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Hyeonghwa Yu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , ON N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Hany Aziz
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , ON N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Daiki Tonouchi
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) , The University of Nagoya , Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku , Nagoya City , Aichi 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Keitaro Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) , The University of Nagoya , Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku , Nagoya City , Aichi 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Michio M Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) , The University of Nagoya , Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku , Nagoya City , Aichi 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Kunio Awaga
- Department of Chemistry & Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) , The University of Nagoya , Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku , Nagoya City , Aichi 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Igor Osorio-Roman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Christos P Constantinides
- Department of Chemistry , North Caroline State University , 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Box 8204 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Jeremy M Rawson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada
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Mahmudov KT, Kopylovich MN, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJL. Chalcogen bonding in synthesis, catalysis and design of materials. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:10121-10138. [PMID: 28686248 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chalcogen bonding is a type of noncovalent interaction in which a covalently bonded chalcogen atom (O, S, Se or Te) acts as an electrophilic species towards a nucleophilic (negative) region(s) in another or in the same molecule. In general, this interaction is strengthened by the presence of an electron-withdrawing group on the electron-acceptor chalcogen atom and upon moving down in the periodic table of elements, from O to Te. Following a short discussion of the phenomenon of chalcogen bonding, this Perspective presents some demonstrative experimental observations in which this bonding is crucial for synthetic transformations, crystal engineering, catalysis and design of materials as synthons/tectons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran T Mahmudov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. and Department of Chemistry, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan and Organic Chemistry Department, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Maximilian N Kopylovich
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M Fátima C Guedes da Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Armando J L Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Haynes DA, van Laeren LJ, Munro OQ. Cobalt Porphyrin–Thiazyl Radical Coordination Polymers: Toward Metal–Organic Electronics. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14620-14637. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Delia A. Haynes
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Laura J. van Laeren
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Orde Q. Munro
- School
of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS 2050, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
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Beldjoudi Y, Arauzo A, Palacio F, Pilkington M, Rawson JM. Studies on a “Disappearing Polymorph”: Thermal and Magnetic Characterization of α-p-NCC6F4CNSSN•. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16779-16786. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Beldjoudi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, OntarioN9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ana Arauzo
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, and
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Palacio
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, and
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir
Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, OntarioN9B 3P4, Canada
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Melen RL, Less RJ, Pask CM, Rawson JM. Structural Studies of Perfluoroaryldiselenadiazolyl Radicals: Insights into Dithiadiazolyl Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11747-11759. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Melen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Robert J. Less
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Christopher M. Pask
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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Constantinides CP, Koutentis PA. Stable N- and N/S-Rich Heterocyclic Radicals. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Boeré RT. Short contacts of the sulphur atoms of a 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl dimer with triphenylstibine: first co-crystal with an aromatic compound. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00351f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystallization of aromatic compounds with neutral dithiadiazolyl dimers has not previously succeeded. There is great scope here for crystal engineering using mutually compatible components.
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Affiliation(s)
- René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies
- University of Lethbridge
- Lethbridge, Canada
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Magnan F, Korobkov I, Brusso J. Influence of substitution pattern and enhanced π-conjugation on a family of thiophene functionalized 1,5-dithia-2,4,6,8-tetrazocines. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01345c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The versatile, one-pot synthesis of a series of π-extended 1,5,2,4,6,8-dithiatetrazocines is described, along with their optoelectronic and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Magnan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Jaclyn Brusso
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
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