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Du X, Zhang Z, Gao C, Li F, Li XL. Two pairs of chiral Yb III enantiomers presenting distinct NIR luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence performances with giant differences in second-harmonic generation responses. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17758-17766. [PMID: 37974451 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03324d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
By introducing enantiomerically pure mono-bidentate N-donor ligands (LR/LS) into Yb(btfa)3(H2O)2 and Yb(dbm)3(H2O), respectively, two pairs of chiral YbIII enantiomers, namely Yb(btfa)3LR/Yb(btfa)3LS (D-1/L-1) and [Yb(dbm)3LR]·[Yb(dbm)3(C2H5OH)]/[Yb(dbm)3LS]·[Yb(dbm)3(C2H5OH)] (D-2/L-2) were isolated, where btfa- = 3-benzoyl-1,1,1-trifluoroacetonate, dbm- = dibenzoylmethanate, and LR/LS = (-)/(+)-4,5-pinenepyridyl-2-pyrazine. D-1/L-1 possess mononuclear structures in which the YbIII ions are eight-coordinated, while D-2/L-2 show cocrystal structures containing Yb(dbm)3(LR/LS) and Yb(dbm)3(C2H5OH) moieties in which the two YbIII ions are eight and seven-coordinated, respectively. They not only feature different molecular structures but also present distinct linear and nonlinear optical performances. Chiral mononuclear D-1 has better near infrared photo-luminescence (NIR-PL) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) performances than chiral cocrystal D-2. More remarkably, D-1/L-1 show large second-harmonic generation (SHG) responses (up to 1.25/1.28 × KDP) 18/16 times those of D-2/L-2 (0.07/0.08 × KDP). In addition, D-2/L-2 represent the first examples of lanthanide cocrystal complexes with NIR-PL, NIR-CPL and SHG properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Congli Gao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Fengcai Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Xi-Li Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
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2
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Li XL, Wang A, Li Y, Gao C, Cui M, Xiao HP, Zhou L. Two Chiral Yb III Enantiomeric Pairs with Distinct Enantiomerically Pure N-Donor Ligands Presenting Significant Differences in Photoluminescence, Circularly Polarized Luminescence, and Second-Harmonic Generation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4351-4360. [PMID: 36847208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Using enantiomerically pure bidentate and tridentate N-donor ligands (1LR/1LS and 2LR/2LS) to replace two coordinated H2O molecules of Yb(tta)3(H2O)2, respectively, two eight- and nine-coordinated YbIII enantiomeric pairs, namely, Yb(tta)31LR/Yb(tta)31LS (Yb-R-1/Yb-S-1) and [Yb(tta)32LR]·CH3CN/[Yb(tta)32LS]·CH3CN (Yb-R-2/Yb-S-2), were isolated, in which Htta = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, 1LR/1LS = (-)/(+)-4,5-pinene-2,2'-bipyridine, and 2LR/2LS = (-)/(+)-2,6-bis(4',5'-pinene-2'-pyridyl)pyridine. Interestingly, they not only present distinct degrees of chirality but also show large differences in near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (PL), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and second-harmonic generation (SHG). Eight-coordinated Yb-R-1 with an asymmetric bidentate 1LR ligand has a high NIR-PL quantum yield (1.26%) and a long decay lifetime (20 μs) at room temperature, being more than two times those (0.48%, 8 μs) of nine-coordinated Yb-R-2 with a C2-symmetric tridentate 2LR ligand. In addition, Yb-R-1 displays an efficient CPL with a luminescence dissymmetry factor glum = 0.077, being 4 × Yb-R-2 (0.018). In particular, Yb-R-1 presents a strong SHG response (0.8 × KDP), which is 8 × Yb-R-2 (0.1 × KDP). More remarkably, the precursor Yb(tta)3(H2O)2 exhibits a strong third-harmonic generation (THG) response (41 × α-SiO2), while the introduction of chiral N-donors results in the switching of THG to SHG. Our interesting findings provide new insights into both the functional regulation and switching in multifunctional lanthanide molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Li Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ailing Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Congli Gao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Cui
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ping Xiao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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3
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Chi S, Xu Y, Xie B, Gao T. Luminescence of Zn-Yb dinuclear Schiff base complex: Enhanced NIR emission by modification with larger conjugated light-harvesting moieties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Abu-Yamin AA. Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of Ln III – ( 1E,2E)-3-(furan-2-yl)- N-(4 H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-imine. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Structural and magnetic study of a new dinuclear SMM. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Zhao X, Zhang F, Liu Y, Zhao T, Zhao H, Xiang S, Li Y. A series of luminescent Lnlll-based coordination polymers: Syntheses, structures and luminescent properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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8
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Pikoli S, Hosten E, Abrahams A. The effect of ligand design on the structural and photophysical properties of Nd(III) complexes with Schiff bases of the [(phenylimino)methyl]phenol-type. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1750604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibongile Pikoli
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Eric Hosten
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Abubak’r Abrahams
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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Chen RX, Sun O, Xu YY, Qi Y, Xie BY, Gao T. Dinuclear Lanthanide(III) Complexes Showing Single-Molecule Magnet Behaviour and Optical Properties. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three dinuclear lanthanide(iii) complexes with an acetate bridge, which are synthesised by a Salen-type Schiff base and β-diketonate ligands, i.e. [Ln2L2(TTA)4(OAc)2]·CH2Cl2 (Ln=Eu (1), Gd (2), Dy (3); TTA=thenoyltrifluoroacetonate, H2L=N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylideneimine), are investigated. We obtained the structures of complexes 1–3 by X-ray crystallography. Notably, in terms of the structure of these complexes, what is intriguing is that the acetate groups link two Lniii ions, whereas the cadmium ions do not coordinate. Lanthanide-based luminescence is exhibited by complex 1, which exists in both the solid state and a methanol solution. Through magnetic analysis, it is found that a field-induced single-molecule magnet behaviour is exhibited by complex 3, and the energy barrier is shown to be Ueff=45.97K.
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Sun O, Chen P, Li HF, Gao T, Yan PF. Wheel-like {Ln6} luminescent lanthanide complexes covering the visible and near-infrared domains. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Luminescence properties of wheel-like lanthanide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- People's Republic of China
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11
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Abu-Yamin AA, AlDamen MA, Sinnokrot MO, Juwhari HK, Salman M, Sarairah I, Al-Hawarin J, Mubarak MS. Synthesis Characterization, Crystal Structure, and Fluorescence of a New Samarium Schiff Base Complex. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476618080243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Xu YY, Chen P, Gao T, Li HF, Yan PF. Improved luminescence properties by the self-assembly of lanthanide compounds with a 1-D chain structure for the sensing of CH3COOH and toxic HS− anions. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A family of lanthanide compounds has been explored and enhanced luminescence has been accomplished by doping method. A brand new and multifunctional fluorescence probe was developed, which was able to detect CH3COOH and HS− with different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P.R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P.R. China
| | - Hong-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P.R. China
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Xu YY, Sun O, Qi Y, Xie BY, Gao T. Enhanced luminescence for detection of small molecules based on doped lanthanide compounds with a dinuclear double-stranded helicate structure. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04104d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A family of isostructural lanthanide compounds was explored and enhanced luminescence accomplished by doping. A novel and multifunctional fluorescence probe was developed, which was able to detect CH3COOH, Al3+ and Cr2O72−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Ou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Bo-Yu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
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15
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Abstract
Achieving control over coordination geometries in lanthanide complexes remains a challenge to the coordination chemist. This is particularly the case in the field of molecule-based magnetism, where barriers for magnetic relaxation processes as well as tunneling pathways are strongly influenced by the lanthanide coordination geometry. Addressing the challenge of design of 4f-element coordination environments, the ubiquitous Ln(hfac)3 moieties have been shown to be applicable as Lewis acids coordinating transition metal acetylacetonates facially leading to simple, chiral lanthanide–transition metal heterodinuclear complexes. The broad scope of this approach is illustrated by the synthesis of a range of such complexes LnM: LnM(hfac)3(μ2-acac-O,O,O′)3 (Ln = La, Pr, Gd; M = Cr, Fe, Ga), with approximate three-fold symmetry. The complexes have been crystallographically characterized and exhibit polymorphism for some combinations of 4f and 3d metal centers. However, an isostructural set of systems spanning several lanthanides which exhibit spontaneous resolution in the orthorhombic Sohncke space group P212121 is presented here. The electronic structure and ensuing magnetic properties have been studied by EPR spectroscopy and magnetometry. The GdFe, PrFe, and PrCr complexes exhibit ferromagnetic coupling, while GdCr exhibits antiferromagnetic coupling. GdGa exhibits slow relaxation of the magnetization in applied static fields.
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16
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Jia Y, Li H, Chen P, Gao T, Sun W, Yan P. Magnetic and Optical Properties of Novel Lanthanide(III) Complexes Based on Schiff Base and β-Diketonate Ligands. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of lanthanide-based self-assembling complexes constructed from Schiff base and β-diketonate ligands have been synthesised by the same method. They are one dimensional complexes ({[Ln(H2L)(tta)2(OAc)]·0.5H2O}n (Ln = Eu (1), Gd (2), Dy (3), Yb (4)); H2L = N,N′-bis(salicylidene)butane-1,4-diamine, tta = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone). Complexes 1 and 4 exhibit characteristic metal-centred emission in the solid state. The lifetimes and quantum yields of luminescence were also determined. Magnetic analysis reveals that complex 3 exhibits field-induced single-molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour with an energy barrier of 24.07 K.
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17
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Abad Galán L, Sobolev AN, Skelton BW, Zysman-Colman E, Ogden MI, Massi M. Energy transfer between Eu3+ and Nd3+ in near-infrared emitting β-triketonate coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12345-12352. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mixed coordination polymers containing Eu3+ and Nd3+ cations display energy forward and back migration between Eu3+ and Nd3+, resulting in dual red and near-infrared emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abad Galán
- School of Life and Molecular Science and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces
- Curtin University
- Bentley 6102
- Australia
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
| | - Alexandre N. Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences
- M310
- University of Western Australia
- Perth 6009
- Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences
- M310
- University of Western Australia
- Perth 6009
- Australia
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | - Mark I. Ogden
- School of Life and Molecular Science and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces
- Curtin University
- Bentley 6102
- Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Life and Molecular Science and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces
- Curtin University
- Bentley 6102
- Australia
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18
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Li FC, Li XL, Hu M, Zhang XL, Chen C, Zhu C. A NdIII enantiomeric pair: Synthesis, crystal structures and near-infrared luminescent properties. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Sun O, Chen P, Li HF, Gao T, Sun WB, Li GM, Yan PF. A series of dinuclear lanthanide(iii) complexes constructed from Schiff base and β-diketonate ligands: synthesis, structure, luminescence and SMM behavior. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00354k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wang Y, Song R, Guo K, Meng Q, Zhang R, Kong X, Zhang Z. A gadolinium(iii) complex based dual-modal probe for MRI and fluorescence sensing of fluoride ions in aqueous medium and in vivo. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17616-17623. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel Gd(iii) complex based dual-modal probe, Gd(TTA)3-DPPZ was designed and assembled for the simultaneous fluoride ion in aqueous media and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Renfeng Song
- Ansteel Mining Engineering Corporation
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Guo
- Ansteel Mining Engineering Corporation
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Run Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
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Yu C, Zhang Z, Liu L, Li H, He Y, Lü X, Wong WK, Jones RA. PMMA-supported hybrid materials doped with highly near-infrared (NIR) luminescent complexes [Zn(L1)(Py)Ln(L2)3] (Ln = Nd, Yb or Er). NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj02373k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the tris-β-diketonate hetero-binuclear complexes [Zn(L1)(Py)Ln(L2)3] (Ln = Nd, Yb or Er) with good NIR luminescent properties, a series of PMMA-supported doping hybrid materials PMMA@[Zn(L1)(Py)Ln(L2)3] exhibit improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Medical Material
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Medical Material
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Medical Material
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Medical Material
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Yani He
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Medical Material
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Xingqiang Lü
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Medical Material
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Wai-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Richard A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
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