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Heinen T, Merzenich S, Kwill A, Vasylyeva V. Halogen Bonding in Sulphonamide Co-Crystals: X···π Preferred over X···O/N? Molecules 2023; 28:5910. [PMID: 37570880 PMCID: PMC10420850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulphonamides have been one of the major pharmaceutical compound classes since their introduction in the 1930s. Co-crystallisation of sulphonamides with halogen bonding (XB) might lead to a new class of pharmaceutical-relevant co-crystals. We present the synthesis and structural analysis of seven new co-crystals of simple sulphonamides N-methylbenzenesulphonamide (NMBSA), N-phenylmethanesulphonamide (NPMSA), and N-phenylbenzenesulphonamide (BSA), as well as of an anti-diabetic agent Chlorpropamide (CPA), with the model XB-donors 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (14DITFB), 1,4-dibromotetrafluorobenzene (14DBTFB), and 1,2-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (12DITFB). In the reported co-crystals, X···O/N bonds do not represent the most common intermolecular interaction. Against our rational design expectations and the results of our statistical CSD analysis, the normally less often present X···π interaction dominates the crystal packing. Furthermore, the general interaction pattern in model sulphonamides and the CPA multicomponent crystals differ, mainly due to strong hydrogen bonds blocking possible interaction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vera Vasylyeva
- Laboratory for Molecular Crystal Engineering, Department of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetstr. 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (T.H.)
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2
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Tiekink ERT. Supramolecular architectures sustained by delocalised C–I⋯π(arene) interactions in molecular crystals and the propensity of their formation. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01677b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A survey of delocalised C–I⋯π(chelate ring) interactions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials
- School of Science and Technology
- Sunway University
- Bandar Sunway
- Malaysia
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3
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Mikherdov AS, Novikov AS, Boyarskiy VP, Kukushkin VY. The halogen bond with isocyano carbon reduces isocyanide odor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2921. [PMID: 32523100 PMCID: PMC7286913 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predominantly, carbon atoms of various species function as acceptors of noncovalent interactions when they are part of a π-system. Here, we report on the discovery of a halogen bond involving the isocyano carbon lone pair. The co-crystallization or mechanochemical liquid-assisted grinding of model mesityl isocyanide with four iodoperfluorobenezenes leads to a series of halogen-bonded adducts with isocyanides. The obtained adducts were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state IR and 13C NMR spectroscopies, and also by thermogravimetric analysis. The formation of the halogen bond with the isocyano group leads to a strong reduction of the isocyanide odor (3- to 46-fold gas phase concentration decrease). This manipulation makes isocyanides more suitable for laboratory storage and usage while preserving their reactivity, which is found to be similar between the adducts and the parent isocyanide in some common transformations, such as ligation to metal centers and the multi-component Ugi reaction. Carbon atoms of various species typically function as acceptors of noncovalent interactions when they are part of a π-system. Here, the authors report their discovery of a noncovalent halogen bond involving the isocyano carbon lone pair, which results in adducts with strongly reduced isocyanide odor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Mikherdov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim P Boyarskiy
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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4
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Giordano N, Afanasjevs S, Beavers CM, Hobday CL, Kamenev KV, O'Bannon EF, Ruiz-Fuertes J, Teat SJ, Valiente R, Parsons S. The Effect of Pressure on Halogen Bonding in 4-Iodobenzonitrile. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102018. [PMID: 31137795 PMCID: PMC6572472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of 4-iodobenzonitrile, which is monoclinic (space group I2/a) under ambient conditions, contains chains of molecules linked through C≡N···I halogen-bonds. The chains interact through CH···I, CH···N and π-stacking contacts. The crystal structure remains in the same phase up to 5.0 GPa, the b axis compressing by 3.3%, and the a and c axes by 12.3 and 10.9 %. Since the chains are exactly aligned with the crystallographic b axis these data characterise the compressibility of the I···N interaction relative to the inter-chain interactions, and indicate that the halogen bond is the most robust intermolecular interaction in the structure, shortening from 3.168(4) at ambient pressure to 2.840(1) Å at 5.0 GPa. The π∙∙∙π contacts are most sensitive to pressure, and in one case the perpendicular stacking distance shortens from 3.6420(8) to 3.139(4) Å. Packing energy calculations (PIXEL) indicate that the π∙∙∙π interactions have been distorted into a destabilising region of their potentials at 5.0 GPa. The structure undergoes a transition to a triclinic ( P 1 ¯ ) phase at 5.5 GPa. Over the course of the transition, the initially colourless and transparent crystal darkens on account of formation of microscopic cracks. The resistance drops by 10% and the optical transmittance drops by almost two orders of magnitude. The I···N bond increases in length to 2.928(10) Å and become less linear [<C-I∙∙∙N = 166.2(5)°]; the energy stabilises by 2.5 kJ mol-1 and the mixed C-I/I..N stretching frequency observed by Raman spectroscopy increases from 249 to 252 cm-1. The driving force of the transition is shown to be relief of strain built-up in the π∙∙∙π interactions rather than minimisation of the molar volume. The triclinic phase persists up to 8.1 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Giordano
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FD, UK.
- Advanced Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Sergejs Afanasjevs
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - Christine M Beavers
- Advanced Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
- Present address: Diamond Light Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Claire L Hobday
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - Konstantin V Kamenev
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - Earl F O'Bannon
- Advanced Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
- Present address: Physical and Life Sciences, Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
| | - Javier Ruiz-Fuertes
- Dpto. DCITIMAC, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Rafael Valiente
- Dpto. Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Simon Parsons
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FD, UK.
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5
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Nwachukwu CI, Bowling NP, Bosch E. C-I...N and C-I...π halogen bonding in the structures of 1-benzyliodoimidazole derivatives. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 73:2-8. [PMID: 28035095 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616018702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding is a well-established and intensively studied intermolecular interaction that has also been used in the preparation of functional materials. While polyfluoroiodo- and polyfluorobromobenzenes have been widely used as aromatic halogen-bond donors, there have been very few studies of iodoimidazoles with regard to halogen bonding. We describe here the X-ray structures of three iodoimidazole derivatives, namely 1-benzyl-2-iodo-1H-imidazole, C10H9IN2, (1), 1-benzyl-4-iodo-1H-imidazole, C10H9IN2, (2), and 1-benzyl-2-iodo-1H-benzimidazole, C14H11IN2, (3), and the halogen bonds that dominate the intermolecular interactions in each of these three structures. The three-dimensional structure of (1) is dominated by a strong C-I...N halogen bond, with an N...I distance of 2.8765 (2) Å, that connects the molecules into one-dimensional zigzag ribbons of molecules. In contrast, the three-dimensional structures of (2) and (3) both feature C-I...π halogen-bonded dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chideraa I Nwachukwu
- Chemistry, Missouri State University, 901 South National Avenue, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Nathan P Bowling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2001 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA
| | - Eric Bosch
- Chemistry, Missouri State University, 901 South National Avenue, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
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Sui Q, Ren XT, Dai YX, Wang K, Li WT, Gong T, Fang JJ, Zou B, Gao EQ, Wang L. Piezochromism and hydrochromism through electron transfer: new stories for viologen materials. Chem Sci 2016; 8:2758-2768. [PMID: 28553511 PMCID: PMC5426459 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A pyridinium-carboxylate compound undergoes reversible color change under pressure owing to the formation of radicals via electron transfer; dehydration and hydration can also trigger electron transfer.
While viologen derivatives have long been known for electrochromism and photochromism, here we demonstrated that a viologen-carboxylate zwitterionic molecule in the crystalline state exhibits piezochromic and hydrochromic behaviors. The yellow crystal undergoes a reversible color change to red under high pressure, to green after decompression, and finally back to yellow upon standing at ambient pressure. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations suggested that the piezochromism is due to the formation of radicals via pressure-induced electron transfer from carboxylate to pyridinium, without a crystallographic phase transition. It was proposed that electron transfer is induced by pressure-forced reduction of intermolecular donor–acceptor contacts. The electron transfer can also be induced by dehydration, which gives a stable green anhydrous radical phase. The color change is reversible upon reabsorption of water, which triggers reverse electron transfer. The compound not only demonstrates new chromic phenomena for viologen compounds, but also represents the first example of organic mechanochromism and hydrochromism associated with radical formation via electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Xiang-Ting Ren
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , 1690 Cailun Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China .
| | - Yu-Xiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun , Jilin 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun , Jilin 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , 1690 Cailun Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China .
| | - Teng Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Jia-Jia Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun , Jilin 130012 , P. R. China
| | - En-Qing Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 North Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , 1690 Cailun Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China .
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Wesela-Bauman G, Urban M, Luliński S, Serwatowski J, Woźniak K. Tuning of the colour and chemical stability of model boranils: a strong effect of structural modifications. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3268-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An improved approach to luminescent diphenylborinic complexes with functionalized salicydeneaniline ligands was developed. A strong effect of structural modifications on their stability and optical properties was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Wesela-Bauman
- Physical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Mateusz Urban
- Physical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Physical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Janusz Serwatowski
- Physical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Laboratory of Crystallochemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
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