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Sajjad MA, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. A comparison of non-covalent interactions in the crystal structures of two σ-alkane complexes of Rh exhibiting contrasting stabilities in the solid state. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:222-240. [PMID: 37096331 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions surrounding the cationic Rh σ-alkane complexes within the crystal structures of [(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)Rh(NBA)][BArF4], [1-NBA][BArF4] (NBA = norbornane, C7H12; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3), and [1-propane][BArF4] are analysed using Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Independent Gradient Model approaches, the latter under a Hirshfeld partitioning scheme (IGMH). In both structures the cations reside in an octahedral array of [BArF4]- anions within which the [1-NBA]+ cation system exhibits a greater number of C-H⋯F contacts to the anions. QTAIM and IGMH analyses indicate these include the strongest individual atom-atom non-covalent interactions between the cation and the anion in these systems. The IGMH approach highlights the directionality of these C-H⋯F contacts that contrasts with the more diffuse C-H⋯π interactions. The accumulative effects of the latter lead to a more significant stabilizing contribution. IGMH %δGatom plots provide a particularly useful visual tool to identify key interactions and highlight the importance of a -{C3H6}- propylene moiety that is present within both the propane and NBA ligands (the latter as a truncated -{C3H4}- unit) and the cyclohexyl rings of the phosphine substituents. The potential for this to act as a privileged motif that confers stability on the crystal structures of σ-alkane complexes in the solid-state is discussed. The greater number of C-H⋯F inter-ion interactions in the [1-NBA][BArF4] system, coupled with more significant C-H⋯π interactions are all consistent with greater non-covalent stabilisation around the [1-NBA]+ cation. This is also supported by larger computed δGatom indices as a measure of cation-anion non-covalent interaction energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arif Sajjad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Jagan R, Sathya D, Sivakumar K. Interplay of Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds in Supramolecular Framework of Oxy-Acid Based 3-Chloroanilinium Hydrogen Sulfate, Bis(2,5-dichloroanilinium) Sulfate and 2,5-Dichloroanilinium Perchlorate Hydrate Salts. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s106377452106016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Bozorgvar MS, Tarahhomi A, van der Lee A. Structural studies on two new phosphoramides with the same [OC4H8N]P(O) segment by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surface analysis and 3D energy framework approach. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Taylor R, Wood PA. A Million Crystal Structures: The Whole Is Greater than the Sum of Its Parts. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9427-9477. [PMID: 31244003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The founding in 1965 of what is now called the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) has reaped dividends in numerous and diverse areas of chemical research. Each of the million or so crystal structures in the database was solved for its own particular reason, but collected together, the structures can be reused to address a multitude of new problems. In this Review, which is focused mainly on the last 10 years, we chronicle the contribution of the CSD to research into molecular geometries, molecular interactions, and molecular assemblies and demonstrate its value in the design of biologically active molecules and the solid forms in which they are delivered. Its potential in other commercially relevant areas is described, including gas storage and delivery, thin films, and (opto)electronics. The CSD also aids the solution of new crystal structures. Because no scientific instrument is without shortcomings, the limitations of CSD research are assessed. We emphasize the importance of maintaining database quality: notwithstanding the arrival of big data and machine learning, it remains perilous to ignore the principle of garbage in, garbage out. Finally, we explain why the CSD must evolve with the world around it to ensure it remains fit for purpose in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Taylor
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre , 12 Union Road , Cambridge CB2 1EZ , United Kingdom
| | - Peter A Wood
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre , 12 Union Road , Cambridge CB2 1EZ , United Kingdom
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Constantinides CP, Lawson DB, Berezin AA, Zissimou GA, Manoli M, Leitus GM, Koutentis PA. Ferromagnetic interactions in a 1D Heisenberg linear chain of 1-phenyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yls. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00739c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1-Phenyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl (2), was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffractometry and variable temperature SQUID magnetometry to investigate its structure-magnetism correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel B. Lawson
- Department of Natural Sciences
- University of Michigan – Dearborn
- Dearborn
- USA
| | | | | | - Maria Manoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- 1678 Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | - Gregory M. Leitus
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 76100 Rehovot
- Israel
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6
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Levina EO, Chernyshov IY, Voronin AP, Alekseiko LN, Stash AI, Vener MV. Solving the enigma of weak fluorine contacts in the solid state: a periodic DFT study of fluorinated organic crystals. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12520-12537. [PMID: 35515880 PMCID: PMC9063672 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature and strength of weak interactions with organic fluorine in the solid state are revealed by periodic density functional theory (periodic DFT) calculations coupled with experimental data on the structure and sublimation thermodynamics of crystalline organofluorine compounds. To minimize other intermolecular interactions, several sets of crystals of perfluorinated and partially fluorinated organic molecules are considered. This allows us to establish the theoretical levels providing an adequate description of the metric and electron-density parameters of the C–F⋯F–C interactions and the sublimation enthalpy of crystalline perfluorinated compounds. A detailed comparison of the C–F⋯F–C and C–H⋯F–C interactions is performed using the relaxed molecular geometry in the studied crystals. The change in the crystalline packing of aromatic compounds during their partial fluorination points to the structure-directing role of C–H⋯F–C interactions due to the dominant electrostatic contribution to these contacts. C–H⋯F–C and C–H⋯O interactions are found to be identical in nature and comparable in energy. The factors that determine the contribution of these interactions to the crystal packing are revealed. The reliability of the results is confirmed by considering the superposition of the electrostatic potential and electron density gradient fields in the area of the investigated intermolecular interactions. The nature and strength of weak C–H⋯F–C and C–F⋯F–C interactions and their role in organofluorine molecular crystals were studied using periodic DFT coupled with CSD data mining and experimental sublimation enthalpies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Levina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
- Russia
- Research Centre of Biotechnology
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
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Begum F, Ikram M, Twamley B, Baker RJ. Perfluorinated phosphine and hybrid P–O ligands for Pd catalysed C–C bond forming reactions in solution and on Teflon supports. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28936-28945. [PMID: 35528399 PMCID: PMC9071828 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two types of phosphine ligands that feature perfluorinated ponytails is reported. A bidentate (RfCH2CH2)2PCH2CH2P(CH2CH2Rf)2 (Rf = CF3(CF2)n; n = 5, 7) and an alkoxyphosphine made by ring opening a fluorous epoxide, RfCH2CH(OH)CH2PR2 (Rf = CF3(CF2)7), have been prepared and spectroscopically characterised. The electronic effects of the fluorous chains have been elucidated from either the 1JPt–P or 1JP–Se coupling constants in Pt(ii) or phosphine selenide compounds. Whilst the bidentate phosphines do not give stable or active Pd catalysts, the hybrid ligand does allow Susuki, Heck and Sonogashira catalysis to be demonstrated with low catalyst loadings and good turnovers. Whilst a fluorous extraction methodology does not give good performance, the ligand can be adsorbed onto Teflon tape and for the Suzuki cross coupling reaction the catalytic system can be run 6 times before activity drops and this has been traced to oxidation of the ligand. Additionally the crystal structure of the hybrid phosphine oxide is reported and the non-covalent interactions discussed. Phosphine ligands containing a perfluorous ponytail can be sorbed onto Teflon tape and used as ligands for C–C cross coupling reactions with little leaching.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Begum
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Robert J. Baker
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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Shukla R, Singh P, Panini P, Chopra D. Similarities and differences in the crystal packing of halogen-substituted indole derivatives. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2018; 74:376-384. [PMID: 30141423 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520618008090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of different intermolecular interactions in the crystal structures of halogen-substituted indoles which are fused with six-membered or seven-membered cyclic rings is investigated here. Several crystal structures show isostructural characteristics due to the presence of similar supramolecular motifs. In the absence of any strong hydrogen bonds, the molecular packing of reported structures is primarily stabilized by the presence of non-classical N-H...π and C-H...π interactions in addition to C-H...X (X = F/Cl/Br) interactions. The nature and energetics of primary and secondary dimeric motifs are partitioned into the electrostatics, polarization, dispersion and exchange-repulsion components using the PIXEL method. Short and directional N-H...π interactions are further explored by a topological analysis of the electron density based on quantum theory of atoms in molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shukla
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Paramveer Singh
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Piyush Panini
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
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9
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Shukla R, Nayak SK, Chopra D, Reddy MK, Guru Row T. Observation of 3D isostructurality in halogen substituted N -benzoyl- N -phenylbenzamides. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Mondal PK, Hathwar VR, Chopra D. Characterization of electronic features of intermolecular interactions involving organic fluorine: Inputs from in situ cryo-crystallization studies on F and CF3 substituted anilines. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Bojarska J, Remko M, Fruziński A, Maniukiewicz W. The experimental and theoretical landscape of a new antiplatelet drug ticagrelor: Insight into supramolecular architecture directed by C H⋯F, π⋯π and C H⋯π interactions. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Omorodion H, Palenzuela M, Ruether M, Twamley B, Platts JA, Baker RJ. A rationally designed perfluorinated host for the extraction of PFOA from water utilising non-covalent interactions. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03026f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Three hosts for the encapsulation of perfluorooctanoic acid have been synthesized. The host:guest complexes have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy in solution and the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Palenzuela
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Manuel Ruether
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | | | - Robert J. Baker
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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13
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Wu DE, Luo YH, Wang MN, Liu QL, Wen GJ, Zhu LJ, Fan CP, Sun BW. Effect of halogen bonding on supramolecular assembly and photophysical properties of diaryl oxalates. Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-0950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Shukla R, Mohan T, Vishalakshi B, Chopra D. Synthesis, crystal structure and theoretical analysis of intermolecular interactions in two biologically active derivatives of 1,2,4-triazoles. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Pitts CR, Siegler MA, Lectka T. Intermolecular Aliphatic C–F···H–C Interaction in the Presence of “Stronger” Hydrogen Bond Acceptors: Crystallographic, Computational, and IR Studies. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3996-4000. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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16
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Shukla R, Saeed A, Simpson J, Chopra D. Quantitative investigation of C–H⋯π and other intermolecular interactions in a series of crystalline N-(substituted phenyl)-2-naphthamide derivatives. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the nature and characteristics of different intermolecular interactions present in a series of sevenN-(substituted phenyl)-2-naphthamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shukla
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- IISER Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University-45320
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - Jim Simpson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- IISER Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
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17
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Shukla R, Khan I, Ibrar A, Simpson J, Chopra D. Complex electronic interplay of σ-hole and π-hole interactions in crystals of halogen substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-thiones. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00678k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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SHUKLA RAHUL, CHOPRA DEEPAK. Understanding the effect of substitution on the formation of S. . .F chalcogen bond. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Mocilac P, Osman IA, Gallagher JF. Short C–H⋯F interactions involving the 2,5-difluorobenzene group: understanding the role of fluorine in aggregation and complex C–F/C–H disorder in a 2 × 6 isomer grid. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Panini P, Gonnade RG, Chopra D. Experimental and computational analysis of supramolecular motifs involving Csp2(aromatic)–F and CF3groups in organic solids. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03211c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural motif by Csp2–F and CF3group have been identified and investigated by the PIXEL method and QTAIM approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Panini
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- India-462066
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Center for Materials Characterization (CMC)
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- India-462066
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Panini P, Chopra D. Experimental and computational insights into the nature of weak intermolecular interactions in trifluoromethyl-substituted isomeric crystalline N-methyl-N-phenylbenzamides. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01670c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nature and role of weak interactions, involving fluorine in crystallineN-methyl-N-phenylbenzamides, have been studied in the absence of strong H-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Panini
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- 462066 India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- 462066 India
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