1
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Chen X, Ojha K, Koper MTM. Deconvolution of the Voltammetric Features of a Pt(100) Single-Crystal Electrode. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4958-4964. [PMID: 38687840 PMCID: PMC11089564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The Pt(100) single-crystal electrode shows four voltammetric features in acid electrolytes, but the precise corresponding surface phenomena remain unresolved. Herein, a deconvolution of the classical "hydrogen region" from the "hydroxyl and anion region" is attempted by the comparison of voltammetric behavior of Pt(100) and GMLPt(100) electrodes. A systematic study performed on Pt(s)-[n(100) × (111)] and Pt(s)-[n(100) × (110)] electrodes reveals that the feature at EPI = 0.30 VRHE corresponds to pure hydrogen adsorption taking place at (111) step sites vicinal to (100) domains, while the peak at EPII = 0.36 VRHE actually involves hydroxyl replacing hydrogen at (100) domains. An analysis examined for H2SO4, HClO4, CH3SO3H, and HF demonstrates that the specific (H)SO4- adsorption commences at EPIII = 0.40 VRHE and effectively suppresses the formation of hydroxyl at the (100) terrace at higher potentials 0.40 < EPIV < 0.75 VRHE. Non-specifically adsorbing anions (ClO4-, CH3SO3- and F-) would only interact with the hydroxyl phase formed on the Pt(100) terrace in both potential regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Chen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.
R. China
- Leiden Institute
of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kasinath Ojha
- Leiden Institute
of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden Institute
of Chemistry, Leiden University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Fraga Alvarez DV, Lin Z, Shi Z, Baxter AF, Wang ED, Kuvar D, Mahmud N, El-Naas MH, Abruña HD, Muller DA, Esposito DV. Condensed Layer Deposition of Nanoscopic TiO 2 Overlayers on High-Surface-Area Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38688003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Encapsulating an electrocatalytic material with a semipermeable, nanoscopic oxide overlayer offers a promising approach to enhancing its stability, activity, and/or selectivity compared to an unencapsulated electrocatalyst. However, applying nanoscopic oxide encapsulation layers to high-surface-area electrodes such as nanoparticle-supported porous electrodes is a challenging task. This study demonstrates that the recently developed condensed layer deposition (CLD) method can be used for depositing nanoscopic (sub-10 nm thick) titanium dioxide (TiO2) overlayers onto high-surface-area platinized carbon foam electrodes. Characterization of the overlayers by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) showed that the films are amorphous, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that they exhibit TiO2 stoichiometry. Electrodes were also characterized by hydrogen underpotential deposition (Hupd) and carbon monoxide (CO) stripping, demonstrating that the Pt electrocatalysts remain electrochemically active after encapsulation. Additionally, copper underpotential deposition (Cuupd) measurements revealed that TiO2 overlayers are effective at blocking Cu2+ from reaching the TiO2/Pt buried interface and were used to estimate that between 43 and 98% of Pt surface sites were encapsulated. Overall, this study shows that CLD is a promising approach for depositing nanoscopic protective overlayers on high-surface-area electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nafis Mahmud
- Gas Processing Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Al Tarfa Street, Doha , Qatar
| | - Muftah H El-Naas
- Gas Processing Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Al Tarfa Street, Doha , Qatar
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3
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Li P, Jiao Y, Huang J, Chen S. Electric Double Layer Effects in Electrocatalysis: Insights from Ab Initio Simulation and Hierarchical Continuum Modeling. JACS AU 2023; 3:2640-2659. [PMID: 37885580 PMCID: PMC10598835 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Structures of the electric double layer (EDL) at electrocatalytic interfaces, which are modulated by the material properties, the electrolyte characteristics (e.g., the pH, the types and concentrations of ions), and the electrode potential, play crucial roles in the reaction kinetics. Understanding the EDL effects in electrocatalysis has attracted substantial research interest in recent years. However, the intrinsic relationships between the specific EDL structures and electrocatalytic kinetics remain poorly understood, especially on the atomic scale. In this Perspective, we briefly review the recent advances in deciphering the EDL effects mainly in hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis through a multiscale approach, spanning from the atomistic scale simulated by ab initio methods to the macroscale by a hierarchical approach. We highlight the importance of resolving the local reaction environment, especially the local hydrogen bond network, in understanding EDL effects. Finally, some of the remaining challenges are outlined, and an outlook for future developments in these exciting frontiers is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuzhou Jiao
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Theory and Computation of
Energy Materials, Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Theory
of Electrocatalytic Interfaces, Faculty of Georesources and Materials
Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shengli Chen
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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4
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Bondue CJ, Spallek M, Sobota L, Tschulik K. Electrochemical Aldehyde Oxidation at Gold Electrodes: gem-Diol, non-Hydrated Aldehyde, and Diolate as Electroactive Species. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300685. [PMID: 37477393 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
To date the electroactive species of selective aldehyde oxidation to carboxylates at gold electrodes is usually assumed to be the diolate. It forms with high concentration only in very alkaline electrolytes, when OH- binds to the carbonyl carbon atom. Accordingly, the electrochemical upgrading of biomass-derived aldehydes to carboxylates is believed to be limited to very alkaline electrolytes at many electrode materials. However, OH- -induced aldehyde decomposition in these electrolytes prevents application of electrochemical aldehyde oxidation for the sustainable upgrading of biomass to value-added chemicals at industrial scale. Here, we demonstrate the successful oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes at a rotating gold electrode at pH 12, where only 1 % of the aldehyde resides as the diolate species. This concentration is too small to account for the observed current, which shows that also other aldehyde species (i. e., the geminal diol and the non-hydrated aldehyde) are electroactive. This insight allows developing strategies to omit aldehyde decomposition while achieving high current densities for the selective aldehyde oxidation, making its future industrial application viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Bondue
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Marius Spallek
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Lennart Sobota
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Wang H, Abruña HD. Identifying Adsorbed OH Species on Pt and Ru Electrodes with Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy through CO Displacement. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18439-18446. [PMID: 37552880 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OH adspecies are involved in numerous electrocatalytic reactions, such as CO, H2, methanol, and ethanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions, as a reaction intermediate and/or reactant. In this work, we have, for the first time, identified the OH stretching band of OH adspecies on Pt, Ru, and Pt/Ru electrodes with surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) in a flow cell through potential modulation and CO displacement. We found that while Ru had a relatively constant OH coverage at potentials between 0.1 and 0.8 V, Pt had a maximum OH coverage at 0.6 V in 0.1 M HClO4 and 0.7 V in 0.1 M KOH. CO oxidation kinetics on Ru were sluggish, although adsorbed OH appeared on Ru at very low potentials. Binary Pt/Ru electrodes promote CO oxidation through a synergistic effect in which Ru promotes OH adsorption and Pt catalyzes the reaction between the CO and OH adspecies. In addition, water coadsorbed with CO at Ru sites of Pt/Ru also plays an important role. These new spectroscopic results about OH adspecies could advance the understanding of the mechanism of fuel cell related electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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6
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Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Drnec J, Stubb N, Martens I, Calle-Vallejo F, Harrington DA, Cherevko S, Magnussen OM. Anodic and Cathodic Platinum Dissolution Processes Involve Different Oxide Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304293. [PMID: 37341165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of Pt-containing oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cell applications is strongly linked to the electrochemical surface oxidation and reduction of Pt. Here, we study the surface restructuring and Pt dissolution mechanisms during oxidation/reduction for the case of Pt(100) in 0.1 M HClO4 by combining operando high-energy surface X-ray diffraction, online mass spectrometry, and density functional theory. Our atomic-scale structural studies reveal that anodic dissolution, detected during oxidation, and cathodic dissolution, observed during the subsequent reduction, are linked to two different oxide phases. Anodic dissolution occurs predominantly during nucleation and growth of the first, stripe-like oxide. Cathodic dissolution is linked to a second, amorphous Pt oxide phase that resembles bulk PtO2 and starts to grow when the coverage of the stripe-like oxide saturates. In addition, we find the amount of surface restructuring after an oxidation/reduction cycle to be potential-independent after the stripe-like oxide has reached its saturation coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Natalie Stubb
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Isaac Martens
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Advanced Materials and Polymers: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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7
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Huang J. Zooming into the Inner Helmholtz Plane of Pt(111)-Aqueous Solution Interfaces: Chemisorbed Water and Partially Charged Ions. JACS AU 2023; 3:550-564. [PMID: 36873696 PMCID: PMC9975841 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The double layer on transition metals, i.e., platinum, features chemical metal-solvent interactions and partially charged chemisorbed ions. Chemically adsorbed solvent molecules and ions are situated closer to the metal surface than electrostatically adsorbed ions. This effect is described tersely by the concept of an inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) in classical double layer models. The IHP concept is extended here in three aspects. First, a refined statistical treatment of solvent (water) molecules considers a continuous spectrum of orientational polarizable states, rather than a few representative states, and non-electrostatic, chemical metal-solvent interactions. Second, chemisorbed ions are partially charged, rather than being electroneutral or having integral charges as in the solution bulk, with the coverage determined by a generalized, energetically distributed adsorption isotherm. The surface dipole moment induced by partially charged, chemisorbed ions is considered. Third, considering different locations and properties of chemisorbed ions and solvent molecules, the IHP is divided into two planes, namely, an AIP (adsorbed ion plane) and ASP (adsorbed solvent plane). The model is used to study how the partially charged AIP and polarizable ASP lead to intriguing double-layer capacitance curves that are different from what the conventional Gouy-Chapman-Stern model describes. The model provides an alternative interpretation for recent capacitance data of Pt(111)-aqueous solution interfaces calculated from cyclic voltammetry. This revisit brings forth questions regarding the existence of a pure double-layer region at realistic Pt(111). The implications, limitations, and possible experimental confirmation of the present model are discussed.
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8
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Petersen AS, Jensen KD, Wan H, Bagger A, Chorkendorff I, Stephens IEL, Rossmeisl J, Escudero-Escribano M. Modeling Anion Poisoning during Oxygen Reduction on Pt Near-Surface Alloys. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Kim D. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Hao Wan
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, 2.03b, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Rd., London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 312, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, 2.03b, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Rd., London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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9
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Electric Double Layer: The Good, the Bad, and the Beauty. ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem3040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The electric double layer (EDL) is the most important region for electrochemical and heterogeneous catalysis. Because of it, its modeling and investigation are something that can be found in the literature for a long time. However, nowadays, it is still a hot topic of investigation, mainly because of the improvement in simulation and experimental techniques. The present review aims to present the classical models for the EDL, as well as presenting how this region affects electrochemical data in everyday experimentation, how to obtain and interpret information about EDL, and, finally, how to obtain some molecular point of view insights on it.
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10
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Luo M, Koper MTM. A kinetic descriptor for the electrolyte effect on the oxygen reduction kinetics on Pt(111). Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProton-exchange membrane fuel cells demand efficient electrode–electrolyte interfaces to catalyse the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the kinetics of which depends on the energetics of surface adsorption and on electrolyte environment. Here we show an unanticipated effect of non-specifically adsorbed anions on the ORR kinetics on a Pt(111) electrode; these trends do not follow the usual ORR descriptor, that is *OH binding energy. We propose a voltammetry-accessible descriptor, namely reversibility of the *O ↔ *OH transition. This descriptor tracks the dependence of ORR rates on electrolyte, including the concentration/identity of anions in acidic media, cations in alkaline media and the effect of ionomers. We propose a model that relates the ORR rate on Pt(111) to the rate of the *O to *OH transition, in addition to the thermodynamic *OH binding energy descriptor. Our model also rationalizes different trends for the ORR rate on stepped Pt surfaces in acidic versus alkaline media.
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11
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Rizo R, Fernández-Vidal J, Hardwick LJ, Attard GA, Vidal-Iglesias FJ, Climent V, Herrero E, Feliu JM. Investigating the presence of adsorbed species on Pt steps at low potentials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2550. [PMID: 35538173 PMCID: PMC9090771 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the OH adsorption process on Pt single crystals is of paramount importance since this adsorbed species is considered the main intermediate in many electrochemical reactions of interest, in particular, those oxidation reactions that require a source of oxygen. So far, it is frequently assumed that the OH adsorption on Pt only takes place at potentials higher than 0.55 V (versus the reversible hydrogen electrode), regardless of the Pt surface structure. However, by CO displacement experiments, alternating current voltammetry, and Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrate here that OH is adsorbed at more negative potentials on the low coordinated Pt atoms, the Pt steps. This finding opens a new door in the mechanistic study of many relevant electrochemical reactions, leading to a better understanding that, ultimately, can be essential to reach the final goal of obtaining improved catalysts for electrochemical applications of technological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Rizo
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Julia Fernández-Vidal
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | - Laurence J Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | - Gary A Attard
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | | | - Victor Climent
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain.
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12
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Huang K, Shin K, Henkelman G, Crooks RM. Correlating Surface Structures and Electrochemical Activity Using Shape-Controlled Single-Pt Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17926-17937. [PMID: 34730934 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for synthesizing and studying shape-controlled, single Pt nanoparticles (NPs) supported on carbon nanoelectrodes. The key advance is that the synthetic method makes it possible to produce single, electrochemically active NPs with a vast range of crystal structures and sizes. Equally important, the NPs can be fully characterized, and, therefore, the electrochemical properties of the NPs can be directly correlated to the size and structure of a single shape. This makes it possible to directly correlate experimental results to first-principles theory. Because just one well-characterized NP is analyzed at a time, the difficulty of applying a theoretical analysis to an ensemble of NPs having different sizes and structures is avoided. In this article, we report on two specific Pt NP shapes having sizes on the order of 200 nm: concave hexoctahedral (HOH) and concave trapezohedral (TPH). The former has {15 6 1} facets and the latter {10 1 1} facets. The electrochemical properties of these single NPs for the formic acid oxidation (FAO) reaction are compared to those of a single, spherical polycrystalline Pt NP of the same size. Finally, density functional theory, performed prior to the electrochemical studies, were used to interpret the experimental results of the FAO experiments.
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13
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Schuett FM, Zeller SJ, Eckl MJ, Matzik FM, Heubach MK, Geng T, Hermann JM, Uhl M, Kibler LA, Engstfeld AK, Jacob T. Versatile 3D-Printed Micro-Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22783-22790. [PMID: 34427031 PMCID: PMC8518549 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While numerous reference electrodes suitable for aqueous electrolytes exist, there is no well-defined standard for non-aqueous electrolytes. Furthermore, reference electrodes are often large and do not meet the size requirements for small cells. In this work, we present a simple method for fabricating stable 3D-printed micro-reference electrodes. The prints are made from polyvinylidene fluoride, which is chemically inert in strong acids, bases, and commonly used non-aqueous solvents. We chose six different reference systems based on Ag, Cu, Zn, and Na, including three aqueous and three non-aqueous systems to demonstrate the versatility of the approach. Subsequently, we conducted cyclic voltammetry experiments and measured the potential difference between the aqueous homemade reference electrodes and a commercial Ag/AgCl-electrode. For the non-aqueous reference electrodes, we chose the ferrocene redox couple as an internal standard. From these measurements, we deduced that this new class of micro-reference electrodes is leak-tight and shows a stable electrode potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven J Zeller
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Eckl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix M Matzik
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maren-Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes M Hermann
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert K Engstfeld
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Schuett FM, Zeller SJ, Eckl MJ, Matzik FM, Heubach M, Geng T, Hermann JM, Uhl M, Kibler LA, Engstfeld AK, Jacob T. Versatile 3D‐Printed Micro‐Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven J. Zeller
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Maximilian J. Eckl
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Felix M. Matzik
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maren‐Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Johannes M. Hermann
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Albert K. Engstfeld
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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15
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Hersbach TJP, Garcia AC, Kroll T, Sokaras D, Koper MTM, Garcia-Esparza AT. Base-Accelerated Degradation of Nanosized Platinum Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. P. Hersbach
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States of America
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C. Garcia
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States of America
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States of America
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angel T. Garcia-Esparza
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States of America
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16
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Kumeda T, Hoshi N, Nakamura M. Effect of Hydrophobic Cations on the Inhibitors for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Anions and Ionomers Adsorbed on Single-Crystal Pt Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15866-15871. [PMID: 33755425 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Weakening of the poisoning by the specifically adsorbed anions assists in developing next-generation electrocatalysts for use in low-temperature fuel cells. In this study, we evaluated how hydrophobic cations with different alkyl chain lengths affect the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities on the single-crystal Pt surfaces in contact with sulfuric acid solution and Nafion ionomers. Interfacial tetraalkylammonium cations with longer alkyl chains activated the ORR on the Pt(111) surface. In a solution containing tetrahexylammonium cations (THA+), the ORR activities on Pt(111) in sulfuric acid solution and on Nafion-modified Pt(111) in perchloric acid solution were four and eight times higher than those in the solutions without THA+, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the reduction of the amount of (bi)sulfate anions and the sulfonate group of Nafion adsorbed on Pt(111) due to the presence of THA+. The hydrophobic cations weaken the noncovalent interactions between specifically adsorbed species and promote the ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kumeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Hoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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17
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Hersbach TJP, Ye C, Garcia AC, Koper MTM. Tailoring the Electrocatalytic Activity and Selectivity of Pt(111) through Cathodic Corrosion. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. P. Hersbach
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chunmiao Ye
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C. Garcia
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Hwang SY, Joh HI. (200) facet-dominant platinum nanoparticles synthesized using gases generated from the decomposition of electrospun Pt-polymer composite nanofibers. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Li Y, Intikhab S, Malkani A, Xu B, Snyder J. Ionic Liquid Additives for the Mitigation of Nafion Specific Adsorption on Platinum. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Saad Intikhab
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Arnav Malkani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joshua Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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20
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George TY, Asset T, Avid A, Atanassov P, Zenyuk IV. Kinetic Isotope Effect as a Tool To Investigate the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt‐based Electrocatalysts – Part I: High‐loading Pt/C and Pt Extended Surface. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:469-475. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Y. George
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringTufts University Medford, MA USA
| | - Tristan Asset
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Irvine Irvine, CA USA
- National Fuel Cell Research CenterUniversity of California Irvine Irvine, CA USA
| | - Arezoo Avid
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Irvine Irvine, CA USA
- National Fuel Cell Research CenterUniversity of California Irvine Irvine, CA USA
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Irvine Irvine, CA USA
- National Fuel Cell Research CenterUniversity of California Irvine Irvine, CA USA
| | - Iryna V. Zenyuk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Irvine Irvine, CA USA
- National Fuel Cell Research CenterUniversity of California Irvine Irvine, CA USA
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21
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Chen X, Granda-Marulanda LP, McCrum IT, Koper MTM. Adsorption processes on a Pd monolayer-modified Pt(111) electrode. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1703-1713. [PMID: 34084392 PMCID: PMC8148025 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific adsorption of anions is an important aspect in surface electrochemistry for its influence on reaction kinetics in either a promoted or inhibited fashion. Perchloric acid is typically considered as an ideal electrolyte for investigating electrocatalytic reactions due to the lack of specific adsorption of the perchlorate anion on several metal electrodes. In this work, cyclic voltammetry and computational methods are combined to investigate the interfacial processes on a Pd monolayer deposited on Pt(111) single crystal electrode in perchloric acid solution. The “hydrogen region” of this PdMLPt(111) surface exhibits two voltammetric peaks: the first “hydrogen peak” at 0.246 VRHE actually involves the replacement of hydrogen by hydroxyl, and the second “hydrogen peak” HII at 0.306 VRHE appears to be the replacement of adsorbed hydroxyl by specific perchlorate adsorption. The two peaks merge into a single peak when a more strongly adsorbed anion, such as sulfate, is involved. Our density functional theory calculations qualitatively support the peak assignment and show that anions generally bind more strongly to the PdMLPt(111) surface than to Pt(111). Specific adsorption of anions is an important aspect in surface electrochemistry for its influence on reaction kinetics in either a promoted or inhibited fashion.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Chen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University PO Box 9502 Leiden 2300 RA The Netherlands
| | | | - Ian T McCrum
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University PO Box 9502 Leiden 2300 RA The Netherlands
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University PO Box 9502 Leiden 2300 RA The Netherlands
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22
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The potential of zero total charge and electrocatalytic properties of Ru@Pt core-shell nanoparticles. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Garlyyev B, Xue S, Pohl MD, Reinisch D, Bandarenka AS. Oxygen Electroreduction at High-Index Pt Electrodes in Alkaline Electrolytes: A Decisive Role of the Alkali Metal Cations. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15325-15331. [PMID: 31458194 PMCID: PMC6643383 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, platinum group metals play a central role in the electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Successful design and synthesis of new highly active materials for this process mainly rely on understanding of the so-called electrified electrode/electrolyte interface. It is widely accepted that the catalytic properties of this interface are only dependent on the electrode surface composition and structure. Therefore, there are limited studies about the effects of the electrolyte components on electrocatalytic activity. By now, however, several key points related to the electrolyte composition have become important for many electrocatalytic reactions, including the ORR. It is essential to understand how certain "spectator ions" (e.g., alkali metal cations) influence the electrocatalytic activity and what is the contribution of the electrode surface structure when, for instance, changing the pH of the electrolyte. In this work, the ORR activity of model stepped Pt [n(111) × (111)] surfaces (where n is equal to either 3 or 4 and denotes the atomic width of the (111) terraces of the Pt electrodes) was explored in various alkali metal (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) hydroxide solutions. The activity of these electrodes was unexpectedly strongly dependent not only on the surface structure but also on the type of the alkali metal cation in the solutions with the same pH, being the highest in potassium hydroxide solutions (i.e., K+ ≫ Na+ > Cs+ > Rb+ ≈ Li+). A possible reason for the observed ORR activity of Pt [n(111) × (111)] electrodes is discussed as an interplay between structural effects and noncovalent interactions between alkali metal cations and reaction intermediates adsorbed at active catalytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batyr Garlyyev
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Song Xue
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marcus D. Pohl
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David Reinisch
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center TUM, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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24
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Minguzzi A, Montagna L, Falqui A, Vertova A, Rondinini S, Ghigna P. Dynamics of oxide growth on Pt nanoparticles electrodes in the presence of competing halides by operando energy dispersive X-Ray absorption spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Wippermann K, Giffin J, Kuhri S, Lehnert W, Korte C. The influence of water content in a proton-conducting ionic liquid on the double layer properties of the Pt/PIL interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24706-24723. [PMID: 28861561 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the water content of 2-sulfoethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate [2-Sema][TfO] on the double layer properties of the interface of platinum and the proton conducting ionic liquid (PIL) is investigated by means of impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. By fitting the impedance spectra as complex capacitances, up to four differential double layer capacitances and corresponding time constants are obtained, depending on the potential (U = 0-1.6 V/RHE), water content (0.7-6.1 wt%) and temperature (T = 70-110 °C). Within the whole potential range investigated, a high frequency capacitance, C1, and a low frequency capacitance, C2, can be calculated. In the potential region of hydrogen underpotential deposition (HUPD), C1 can be separated into two parts, C1a and C1b. Whereas the high frequency capacitive processes can mainly be attributed to ion transport processes in the double layer, the low frequency process is ascribed to changes in the interfacial layer, including ad-/desorption and Faradaic processes. Alternative interpretations regarding the reorientation of ions, reconstruction of the metal surface and partial electron transfer between anions and Pt are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wippermann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fuel Cells (IEK-3), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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26
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Rizo R, Pastor E, Koper MT. CO electrooxidation on Sn-modified Pt single crystals in acid media. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Benjamini G, Bar‐Ziv R, Zidki T, Borojovich EJC, Yardeni G, Kornweitz H, Meyerstein D. Pd
0
‐ and Au
0
‐Nanoparticles Catalyze the Reduction of Perchlorate by ·C(CH
3
)
2
OH Radicals. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Benjamini
- Chemistry Department Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev 84105 Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Ronen Bar‐Ziv
- Chemistry Department Nuclear Research Centre Negev 84190 Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Tomer Zidki
- Chemical Sciences Department Ariel University 40700 Ariel Israel
- The Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators Radiation Sources and Applications Ariel University 40700 Ariel Israel
| | | | - Guy Yardeni
- Chemistry Department Nuclear Research Centre Negev 84190 Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Haya Kornweitz
- Chemical Sciences Department Ariel University 40700 Ariel Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemistry Department Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev 84105 Beer‐Sheva Israel
- Chemical Sciences Department Ariel University 40700 Ariel Israel
- The Schlesinger Family Center for Compact Accelerators Radiation Sources and Applications Ariel University 40700 Ariel Israel
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28
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Long Z, Li Y, Deng G, Liu C, Ge J, Ma S, Xing W. Micro-Membrane Electrode Assembly Design to Precisely Measure the in Situ Activity of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts for PEMFC. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6309-6313. [PMID: 28537722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An in situ micro-MEA technique, which could precisely measure the performance of ORR electrocatalyst using Nafion as electrolyte, was designed and compared with regular thin-film rotating-disk electrode (TFRDE) (0.1 M HClO4) and normal in situ membrane electrode assembly (MEA) tests. Compared to the traditional TFRDE method, the micro-MEA technique makes the acquisition of catalysts' behavior at low potential values easily achieved without being limited by the solubility of O2 in water. At the same time, it successfully mimics the structure of regular MEAs and obtains similar results to a regular MEA, thus providing a new technique to simply measure the electrode activity without being bothered by complicated fabrication of regular MEA. In order to further understand the importance of in situ measurement, Fe-N-C as a typical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) free-Pt catalyst was evaluated by TFRDE and micro-MEA. The results show that the half wave potential of Fe-N-C only shifted negatively by -135 mV in comparison with state-of-the-art Pt/C catalysts from TFRDE tests. However, the active site density, mass transfer of O2, and the proton transfer conductivity are found to strongly influence the catalyst activity in the micro-MEA, thereby resulting in a much lower limiting current density than Pt/C (8.7 times lower). Hence, it is suggested that the micro-MEA is better in evaluating the in situ ORR performance, where the catalysts are characterized more thoroughly in terms of intrinsic activity, active site density, proton transfer, and mass transfer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Long
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Yankai Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Guangrong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin China.,Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Changpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin China.,Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, Jilin China
| | - Junjie Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin China.,Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, Jilin China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin China.,Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, Jilin China
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29
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Attard GA, Hunter K, Wright E, Sharman J, Martínez-Hincapié R, Feliu JM. The voltammetry of surfaces vicinal to Pt{110}: Structural complexity simplified by CO cooling. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Farias MJ, Mello GA, Tanaka AA, Feliu JM. Site-specific catalytic activity of model platinum surfaces in different electrolytic environments as monitored by the CO oxidation reaction. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Intermediate stages of electrochemical oxidation of single-crystalline platinum revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12440. [PMID: 27514695 PMCID: PMC4990643 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the atomistic details of how platinum surfaces are oxidized under electrochemical conditions is of importance for many electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and electrolysers. Here we use in situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to identify the intermediate stages of the electrochemical oxidation of Pt(111) and Pt(100) single crystals in perchloric acid. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to assist in assigning the experimental Raman bands by simulating the vibrational frequencies of possible intermediates and products. The perchlorate anion is suggested to interact with hydroxyl phase formed on the surface. Peroxo-like and superoxo-like two-dimensional (2D) surface oxides and amorphous 3D α-PtO2 are sequentially formed during the anodic polarization. Our measurements elucidate the process of the electrochemical oxidation of platinum single crystals by providing evidence for the structure-sensitive formation of a 2D platinum-(su)peroxide phase. These results may contribute towards a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of degradation of platinum electrocatalysts. Understanding degradation of platinum catalysts during oxygen reduction is vital for improving proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Here, the authors identify intermediate stages in the oxidation of Pt(111) and Pt(100) in perchloric acid using in situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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32
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Byers CP, Hoener BS, Chang WS, Link S, Landes CF. Single-Particle Plasmon Voltammetry (spPV) for Detecting Anion Adsorption. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2314-2321. [PMID: 27006995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle and thin film surface plasmons are highly sensitive to electrochemically induced dielectric changes. We exploited this sensitivity to detect reversible electrochemical potential-driven anion adsorption by developing single-particle plasmon voltammetry (spPV) using plasmonic nanoparticles. spPV was used to detect sulfate electroadsorption to individual Au nanoparticles. By comparing both semiconducting and metallic thin film substrates with Au nanoparticle monomers and dimers, we demonstrated that using Au film substrates improved the signal in detecting sulfate electroadsorption and desorption through adsorbate modulated thin film conductance. Using single-particle surface plasmon spectroscopic techniques, we constructed spPV to sense sulfate, acetate, and perchlorate adsorption on coupled Au nanoparticles. spPV extends dynamic spectroelectrochemical sensing to the single-nanoparticle level using both individual plasmon resonance modes and total scattering intensity fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad P Byers
- Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Benjamin S Hoener
- Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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33
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Farias MJS, Cheuquepan W, Camara GA, Feliu JM. Disentangling Catalytic Activity at Terrace and Step Sites on Selectively Ru-Modified Well-Ordered Pt Surfaces Probed by CO Electro-oxidation. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J. S. Farias
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, C.P. 549, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - William Cheuquepan
- Instituto
de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Giuseppe A. Camara
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, C.P. 549, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Juan M. Feliu
- Instituto
de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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34
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Perales-Rondón JV, Brimaud S, Solla-Gullón J, Herrero E, Jürgen Behm R, Feliu JM. Further Insights into the Formic Acid Oxidation Mechanism on Platinum: pH and Anion Adsorption Effects. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Furuya Y, Mashio T, Ohma A, Tian M, Kaveh F, Beauchemin D, Jerkiewicz G. Influence of Electrolyte Composition and pH on Platinum Electrochemical and/or Chemical Dissolution in Aqueous Acidic Media. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5016035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Furuya
- Nissan Research
Center, Nissan Motor Company, 1-Natsushima
Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8523, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Tetsuya Mashio
- Nissan Research
Center, Nissan Motor Company, 1-Natsushima
Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8523, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohma
- Nissan Research
Center, Nissan Motor Company, 1-Natsushima
Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8523, Japan
| | - Min Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Farhad Kaveh
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Diane Beauchemin
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| |
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Furuya Y, Mashio T, Ohma A, Jerkiewicz G. Thermodynamics of the Under-Potential Deposition of Hydrogen on Polycrystalline Platinum in Aqueous Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Solution. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-014-0227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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