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Chakraborty C, Rajak A, Das A. Shape-tunable two-dimensional assemblies from chromophore-conjugated crystallizable poly(L-lactides) with chain-length-dependent photophysical properties. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38894626 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This work reports temperature-dependent shape-changeable two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures by crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) from a chromophore-conjugated poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) homopolymer (PTZ-P1) that contained a polar dye, phenothiazine (PTZ), at the chain-end of the crystallizable PLLA. The CDSA of PTZ-P1 in a polar solvent, isopropanol (iPrOH), by an uncontrolled heating-cooling process, majorly generates lozenge-shaped 2D platelets via chain-folding-mediated crystallization of the PLLA core, leading to the display of the phenothiazines on the 2D surface that confers colloidal stability and orange-emitting luminescent properties to the crystal lamellae. Isothermal crystallization at 60 °C causes a morphological change in PTZ-P1 platelets from lozenge to truncated-lozenge to perfect hexagon under different annealing times, while no shape change was noticed in the structurally similar PTZ-P2 polymer with a longer PLLA chain under similar conditions. This study unveils the complex link between the 2D platelet morphologies and degree of polymerization (DP) of PLLA and the corona-forming dye character. Further, the co-assembly potential of PTZ-P1 with hydrophobic pyrene-terminated PLLAs of varying chain lengths (PY-P1, PY-P2, and PY-P3) was examined, as these two dyes could form a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) pair on the 2D surface. The impact of the length of the crystallizable PLLA on the photophysical properties of the surface-occupied chromophores revealed crucial insights into interchromophoric interactions on the platelet surface. A reduction in the propensity for π-stacking with increasing chain-folding in longer PLLAs is manifested in the chain-length-dependent FRET efficiencies and excimer emission lifetimes within the resultant monolayered 2D assemblies. The unconventional "butterfly-shaped" molecular architecture of the tested phenothiazine, combined with its varied functional features and polar character, adds a distinctive dimension to the underdeveloped field of CDSA of chromophore-conjugated poly(L-lactides), opening future avenues for the development of advanced nanostructured biodegradable 2D materials with programmable morphology and optical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhandita Chakraborty
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja. S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Aritra Rajak
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja. S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja. S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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2
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Zhang MX, Yang X, Tan F, Zhang H, Xu N, Zeng G, Xu Z, Hua Liu S. Novel Dual-Emission Emitters Featuring Phenothiazine-S-Oxide and Phenothiazine-S,S-Dioxide Motifs. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400195. [PMID: 38751300 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we have successfully designed and synthesized two novel dual-emission emitters featuring phenothiazine-5-oxide and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide motifs, characterized by highly lopsided and asymmetric conformational states. Through rigorous spectral examinations and DFT calculations, the compounds exhibit distinctive ICT phenomena, coupled with efficient emission in solid states and AIEE characteristics under high water fractions in DMF/H2O mixtures. These non-planar luminogens exhibit vibrant green and blue solid-state luminescence, with fluorescence quantum yields of 24.1 % and 15.21 %, respectively. Additionally, they both emit green fluorescence in THF solution, with notable emission quantum yields (QYs) 36.4 % and 30.4 %. Comprehensive theoretical investigations unveil well-defined electron cloud density separation between the energies of HOMO/LUMO levels within the two luminogens. Notably, the targeted molecule harboring the phenothiazine-S,S-dioxide motif also demonstrates remarkable reversible mechanofluorochromic properties. Moreover, we testify their potential in applications such as solid-state rewritable information storage and live-cell imaging in solution states. Through theoretical calculations and comparative studies, we have explored the intrinsic relationship between molecular structure and performance, effectively screening and identifying new fluorescent molecules exhibiting outstanding luminescent attributes. These discoveries establish a robust theoretical and technical foundation for the synthesis and application of efficient DSE-based MFC materials, opening new avenues in the realm of advanced luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Fen Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Ningning Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Guoping Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
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3
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Matussek M, Kurpanik-Wójcik A, Gogoc S, Fijołek A, Filapek M, Naumczuk B, Data P. Electroactive Dyes Based on 1,8-Naphthalimide with Acetylene Linkers as Promising OLED Materials - the Relationship Between Structure and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302115. [PMID: 37548079 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Four A-π-D-π-A type small organic molecules with 1,8-naphthalimide motifs were successfully synthesised. The designed compounds are built of two 1,8-naphthalimide units linked via ethynyl π-linkages with selected functionalised donor motifs i. e. 2,2'-bithiophene, fluorene, phenothiazine and carbazole derivative. The synthesis based on Sonogashira cross-coupling allowed us to obtain the presented dyes with good yields. The resulting symmetrical small molecules' optical, electrochemical and thermal properties were thoroughly investigated, and their potential applicability for the OLED devices was demonstrated. In addition, the relationship between molecular structure and properties was considered by employing experimental and theoretical studies. As a result of using various donor groups, it was possible to achieve efficient electroluminescence in the range from green (DEV4) to orange-red light (DEV3) with a maximum luminance of 3 820 cd/m2 for DEV4. Upon the insertion of an acetylene linker to the designed molecules, the free rotation of D and A fragments, and hence the effective π-electron communication within the entire molecule, is possible, which was confirmed by DFT studies. The obtained dyes are characterised by high thermal stability, reversible oxidation-reduction process, satisfactory optoelectronic properties and good solubility in organic solvents, which is advisable for the application in small molecular organic light-emitting diodes (SM-OLEDs) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Szymon Gogoc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Fijołek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Filapek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Naumczuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-543, Łódź, Poland
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4
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Fujii T, Kusukawa T, Imoto H, Naka K. Pnictogen-Bridged Diphenyl Sulfones as Photoinduced Pnictogen Bond Forming Emission Motifs. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202572. [PMID: 36125391 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pnictogen (Pn)-bridged diphenyl sulfones were synthesized as motifs for photoinduced dynamic rearrangement. The newly synthesized sulfones exhibited dual fluorescence at 298 K. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the longer-wavelength fluorescence was derived from the geometries after structural relaxation through photo-driven pnictogen bond formation between the O atom lone pair of the sulfonyl moiety and the antibonding orbital of the Pn-C bond. This is the first report on emission dynamics driven by pnictogen bond formation upon photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Fujii
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusukawa
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.,Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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5
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Pulikkutty S, Manjula N, Chen TW, Chen SM, Lou BS, Siddiqui MR, Wabaidur SM, Ali MA. Fabrication of gadolinium zinc oxide anchored with functionalized-SWCNT planted on glassy carbon electrode: Potential detection of psychotropic drug (phenothiazine) in biotic sample. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Hayashi H, Ogawa T, Koizumi TA. Chemical Modifications of N,N-Dimethylalkylamino-Substituted 2-Chlorophenothiazine and Their Electrochemical Behavior. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Rout Y, Montanari C, Pasciucco E, Misra R, Carlotti B. Tuning the Fluorescence and the Intramolecular Charge Transfer of Phenothiazine Dipolar and Quadrupolar Derivatives by Oxygen Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9933-9943. [PMID: 34161725 PMCID: PMC8297855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of new naphthalimide and phenothiazine-based push-pull systems (NPI-PTZ1-5), in which we structurally modulate the oxidation state of the sulfur atom in the thiazine ring, i.e., S(II), S(IV), and S(VI), was designed and synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. The effect of the sulfur oxidation state on the spectral, photophysical, and electrochemical properties was investigated. The steady-state absorption and emission results show that oxygen functionalization greatly improves the optical (absorption coefficient and fluorescence efficiency) and nonlinear optical (hyperpolarizability) features. The cyclic voltammetry experiments and the quantum mechanical calculations suggest that phenothiazine is a stronger electron donor unit relative to phenothiazine-5-oxide and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide, while the naphthalimide is a strong electron acceptor in all cases. The advanced ultrafast spectroscopic measurements, transient absorption, and broadband fluorescence up conversion give insight into the mechanism of photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer. A planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) and highly fluorescent excited state are populated for the oxygen-functionalized molecules NPI-PTZ2,3 and NPI-PTZ5; on the other hand, a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state is produced upon photoexcitation of the oxygen-free derivatives NPI-PTZ1 and NPI-PTZ4, with the fluorescence being thus significantly quenched. These results prove oxygen functionalization as a new effective synthetic strategy to tailor the photophysics of phenothiazine-based organic materials for different optoelectronic applications. While oxygen-functionalized compounds are highly fluorescent and promising active materials for current-to-light conversion in organic light-emitting diode devices, oxygen-free systems show very efficient photoinduced ICT and may be employed for light-to-current conversion in organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogajivan Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Erika Pasciucco
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Benedetta Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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8
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Al-Busaidi IJ, Haque A, A. Al-Balushi R, Rather JA, Munam A, Ilmi R, Raithby PR, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Xie Z, Chen S, Islam SM, Wong WY, Skelton JM, Khan MS. Synthesis, characterization, and optoelectronic properties of phenothiazine-based organic co-poly-ynes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis of seven new organic co-poly-ynes P1–P7 incorporating phenothiazine (PTZ) motif and evaluate their optoelectronic properties and performance in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayya A. Al-Balushi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Applied Sciences and Health Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jahangir Ahmad Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdul Munam
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rashid Ilmi
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paul R. Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Youming Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shahidul M. Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan M. Skelton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
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9
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Karuppasamy A, Udhaya kumar C, Karthikeyan S, Velayutham Pillai MP, Ramalingan C. Synthesis, spectral, structural prediction and computational studies of octylcarbazole ornamented 3-phenothiazinal. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Bishnoi S, Milton MD, Paul TK, Pal AK, Taraphder S. Small Nonplanar Phenothiazine-5
-oxide-Based Molecules: Structural Characterization, Photophysical, Thermal and Computational Studies. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bishnoi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi 110 007 India
| | | | - Tanmoy Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721 302 India
| | - Arun Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721 302 India
| | - Srabani Taraphder
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721 302 India
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11
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12
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Yamamoto K, Higashibayashi S. Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Butterfly Slit-Cyclobisazaanthracenes and Hydrazinobisanthenes through One-Step Cyclodimerization and Their Properties. Chemistry 2015; 22:663-71. [PMID: 26616833 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
New three-dimensional (3D) π-conjugated molecules, butterfly-shaped slit-cyclobisazaanthracenes, were synthesized in high yields by Ni-mediated one-step cyclodimerization of dibromoazaanthracenes with a dimethylacridine, phenothiazine, or acridone skeleton. The 3D slit butterfly shape was formed by folded azaanthracene skeletons. Closure of the slit via NN bond formation afforded hydrazinobisanthenes with an embedded hydrazine structure in a bisanthene skeleton, which exhibited a 3D butterfly or a 2D plane structure depending on the type of heterocycle used. Extensive study of the stereoselective chemical reactivity of the butterfly shape, X-ray analysis, DFT calculations, electrochemical/chemical oxidations, and photophysical measurements revealed that the properties of these materials included stereoselective oxidation, a rigid or flexible butterfly shape, dynamic conformational behavior, unique crystal-packing structures, excellent electron donation with low oxidation potential, a radical cation, a long absorption wavelength, and fluorescence property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787 (Japan)
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13
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Lauw SJL, Xu X, Webster RD. Primary-Colored Electrochromism of 1,4-Phenylenediamines. Chempluschem 2015; 80:1288-1297. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Umezono S, Okuno T. Anomalous planar structure observed in (E)-10-(1,2-dibromoprop-1-en-1-yl)-10H-phenothiazine. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Thériault KD, Radford C, Parvez M, Heyne B, Sutherland TC. Structure–property relationship of donor–acceptor acridones – an optical, electrochemical and computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of changing acceptor strength on intramolecular charge transfer absorption and its implication towards organic materials are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Radford
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - M. Parvez
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
| | - B. Heyne
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
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16
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Shoer LE, Eaton SW, Margulies EA, Wasielewski MR. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in 2,5,8,11-Tetrakis-Donor-Substituted Perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximides). J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:7635-43. [PMID: 25459236 DOI: 10.1021/jp511624s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of electron donor-acceptor compounds based on substitution of perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) with four electron donors at the 2,5,8,11-positions were synthesized and characterized using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The distance between the PDI and the N,N-dimethylaniline or phenothiazine donors was varied using one or two phenyl groups. Photoexcitation of PDI results in rapid charge separation followed by charge recombination with time constants ranging from tens of picoseconds to nanoseconds. The electron transfer time constants are compared with those of the corresponding molecules in which the donor is attached to the PDI through its imide nitrogen atom. The electron transfer reactions through the 2,5,8,11-positions of PDI are generally much faster than those through the imide nitrogen positions, in concert with stronger donor electronic coupling to the PDI acceptor core and in contrast to substituents at the imide positions through which the HOMO and LUMO nodal planes pass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Shoer
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Samuel W Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Eric A Margulies
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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