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Volovik MV, Denieva ZG, Gifer PK, Rakitina MA, Batishchev OV. Membrane Activity and Viroporin Assembly for the SARS-CoV-2 E Protein Are Regulated by Cholesterol. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1061. [PMID: 39334828 PMCID: PMC11430671 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 E protein is an enigmatic viral structural protein with reported viroporin activity associated with the acute respiratory symptoms of COVID-19, as well as the ability to deform cell membranes for viral budding. Like many viroporins, the E protein is thought to oligomerize with a well-defined stoichiometry. However, attempts to determine the structure of the protein complex have yielded inconclusive results, suggesting several possible oligomers, ranging from dimers to pentamers. Here, we combined patch-clamp, confocal fluorescence microscopy on giant unilamellar vesicles, and atomic force microscopy to show that E protein can exhibit two modes of membrane activity depending on membrane lipid composition. In the absence or the presence of a low content of cholesterol, the protein forms short-living transient pores, which are seen as semi-transmembrane defects in a membrane by atomic force microscopy. Approximately 30 mol% cholesterol is a threshold for the transition to the second mode of conductance, which could be a stable pentameric channel penetrating the entire lipid bilayer. Therefore, the E-protein has at least two different types of activity on membrane permeabilization, which are regulated by the amount of cholesterol in the membrane lipid composition and could be associated with different types of protein oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta V Volovik
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zaret G Denieva
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina K Gifer
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Rakitina
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 1 Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Batishchev
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Karal MAS, Billah MM, Nasrin T, Moniruzzaman M. Interaction of anionic Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles with lipid vesicles: a review on deformation and poration under various conditions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25986-26001. [PMID: 39161454 PMCID: PMC11331399 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05686h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the deformation and poration of lipid vesicles caused by the interaction of anionic magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs). Effects of various factors, such as surface charge density, salt and sugar concentrations in buffer, membrane cholesterol content, polymer-grafted phospholipid, and membrane potential have been discussed for the interaction of MNPs with lipid vesicles. To quantify these effects on the vesicles, compactness, fraction of deformation and poration, dynamics of membrane permeation, and kinetics of membrane permeation have been critically evaluated. The review explores the potential advancements as well as future directions of the research field in the biomedical application of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Department of Physics, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh +880-2-42142012 +880-242142046
| | - Tawfika Nasrin
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
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Syryamina VN, Aisenbrey C, Kardash M, Dzuba SA, Bechinger B. Self-assembly of spin-labeled antimicrobial peptides magainin 2 and PGLa in lipid bilayers. Biophys Chem 2024; 310:107251. [PMID: 38678820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The cationic antimicrobial peptides PGLa and magainin 2 (Mag2) are known for their antimicrobial activity and synergistic enhancement in antimicrobial and membrane leakage assays. Further use of peptides in combinatory therapy requires knowledge of the mechanisms of action of both individual peptides and their mixtures. Here, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), double electron-electron resonance (DEER, also known as PELDOR) and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopies were applied to study self-assembly and localization of spin-labeled PGLa and Mag2 in POPE/POPG membranes with a wide range of peptide/lipid ratios (P/L) from ∼1/1500 to 1/50. EPR and DEER data showed that both peptides tend to organize in clusters, which occurs already at the lowest peptide/lipid molar ratio of 1/1500 (0.067 mol%). For individual peptides, these clusters are quite dense with intermolecular distances of the order of ∼2 nm. In the presence of a synergistic peptide partner, these homo-clusters are transformed into lipid-diluted hetero-clusters. These clusters are characterized by a local surface density that is several times higher than expected from a random distribution. ESEEM data indicate a slightly different insertion depth of peptides in hetero-clusters when compared to homo-clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N Syryamina
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Kardash
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sergei A Dzuba
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France.
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Bhuiyan MTI, Karal MAS, Orchi US, Ahmed N, Moniruzzaman M, Ahamed MK, Billah MM. Probability and kinetics of rupture and electrofusion in giant unilamellar vesicles under various frequencies of direct current pulses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304345. [PMID: 38857287 PMCID: PMC11164401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation induces permanent permeabilization of lipid membranes of vesicles, resulting in vesicle rupture upon the application of a pulsed electric field. Electrofusion is a phenomenon wherein neighboring vesicles can be induced to fuse by exposing them to a pulsed electric field. We focus how the frequency of direct current (DC) pulses of electric field impacts rupture and electrofusion in cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) prepared in a physiological buffer. The average time, probability, and kinetics of rupture and electrofusion in GUVs have been explored at frequency 500, 800, 1050, and 1250 Hz. The average time of rupture of many 'single GUVs' decreases with the increase in frequency, whereas electrofusion shows the opposite trend. At 500 Hz, the rupture probability stands at 0.45 ± 0.02, while the electrofusion probability is 0.71 ± 0.01. However, at 1250 Hz, the rupture probability increases to 0.69 ± 0.03, whereas the electrofusion probability decreases to 0.46 ± 0.03. Furthermore, when considering kinetics, at 500 Hz, the rate constant of rupture is (0.8 ± 0.1)×10-2 s-1, and the rate constant of fusion is (2.4 ± 0.1)×10-2 s-1. In contrast, at 1250 Hz, the rate constant of rupture is (2.3 ± 0.8)×10-2 s-1, and the rate constant of electrofusion is (1.0 ± 0.1)×10-2 s-1. These results are discussed by considering the electrical model of the lipid bilayer and the energy barrier of a prepore.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Urbi Shyamolima Orchi
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazia Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Moniruzzaman
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kabir Ahamed
- Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority, Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Masum Billah
- Department of Physics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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5
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Ahmed M, Islam MZ, Billah MM, Yamazaki M. Effect of Phosphatidylethanolamine on Pore Formation Induced by the Antimicrobial Peptide PGLa. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2684-2696. [PMID: 38450565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) induce pore formation and a burst of lipid bilayers and plasma membranes. This causes severe leakage of the internal contents and cell death. The AMP PGLa forms nanopores in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) comprising dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG). We here elucidated the effect of the line tension of a prepore rim on PGLa-induced nanopore formation by investigating the interaction of PGLa with single GUVs comprising dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)/DOPG (6:4) in buffer using the single GUV method. We found that PGLa forms nanopores in the GUV membrane, which evolved into a local burst and burst of GUVs. The rate of pore formation in DOPE/DOPG-GUVs was smaller than that in DOPC/DOPG-GUVs. PGLa is located only in the outer leaflet of a GUV bilayer just before a fluorescent probe AF647 leakage from the inside, indicating that this asymmetric distribution induces nanopore formation. PGLa-induced local burst and burst of GUVs were observed at 10 ms-time resolution. After nanopore formation started, dense particles and small vesicles appeared in the GUVs, followed by a decrease in the GUV diameter. The GUV was finally converted into smaller GUV or lipid membrane aggregates. We discuss the mechanisms of PGLa-induced nanopore formation and its direct evolution to a GUV burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzuk Ahmed
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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6
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Karal MAS, Billah MM, Ahamed MK. Determination of pore edge tension from the kinetics of rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles using the Arrhenius equation: effects of sugar concentration, surface charge and cholesterol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6107-6117. [PMID: 38299672 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04451c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The pore edge tension (Γ) of a membrane closely intertwines with membrane stability and plays a vital role in the mechanisms that facilitate membrane resealing following pore formation caused by electrical and mechanical tensions. We have explored a straightforward procedure to determine Γ by fitting the inverse of the tension-dependent logarithm of the rate constant of rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using the Arrhenius equation. The GUVs were prepared using a combination of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG) and 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) in a physiological environment. The effects of sugar concentration, membrane surface charge density, and membrane cholesterol concentration on Γ have been investigated. The values of Γ increase with sugar concentration in the physiological buffer, measuring 9.6 ± 0.3, 10.4 ± 0.1, and 16.2 ± 0.1 pN for 40, 100, and 300 mM, respectively. A higher concentration of anionic lipids (70 mol% of DOPG) significantly reduces Γ. An increasing trend of Γ with cholesterol content was observed; specifically, the values of Γ were 11.9 ± 0.9, 13.9 ± 0.7, and 16.2 ± 0.4 pN for 15, 29, and 40 mol% cholesterol, respectively. Thus, the presence of higher anionic lipids in the bilayer led to a decrease in membrane stability. In contrast, the presence of higher sugar concentrations in the buffer and increased cholesterol concentration in the membranes enhanced membrane stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Department of Physics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority, Agargaon, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Klug J, Berberián MV, López Martí JM, Mayorga LS, Del Pópolo MG. Membrane Binding Strength vs Pore Formation Cost─What Drives the Membrane Permeation of Nanoparticles Coated with Cell-Penetrating Peptides? J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:937-948. [PMID: 38232319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) enable the transport of nanoparticles through cell membranes. Using molecular simulations, we conduct an in-depth investigation into the thermodynamic forces governing the passive translocation of CPP-coated nanoparticles across lipid bilayers, contrasting their behavior with that of bare particles to dissect the contribution of the peptides. Our analysis unveils a distinctive two-stage translocation mechanism, where the adsorption energy of the particles overcomes the cost of forming a hydrophilic transmembrane pore. Proper evaluation of the translocation mechanisms is only possible when using two reaction coordinates, in particular, one that explicitly includes the density of the lipids on the binding site of the particle. An analysis of adsorption and activation free energies in terms of a simple kinetic model provides a clearer understanding of the CPP effect. Experimental validation using nonendocytic cells confirms the superior membrane permeation of CPP-coated particles. Our findings have implications for the rational design of more efficient cell-permeating particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Klug
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - María Victoria Berberián
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) CONICET/UNCUYO. Centro Universitario, Mendoza M5502JMA, Argentina
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB)─CONICET/UNCUYO, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, Mendoza CP5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, Mendoza CP5500, Argentina
| | - Jesús M López Martí
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, Mendoza CP5500, Argentina
| | - Luis S Mayorga
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) CONICET/UNCUYO. Centro Universitario, Mendoza M5502JMA, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, Mendoza CP5500, Argentina
| | - Mario G Del Pópolo
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB)─CONICET/UNCUYO, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, Mendoza CP5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, Mendoza CP5500, Argentina
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8
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Ahmed M, Billah MM, Tamba Y, Yamazaki M. Estimation of negative membrane tension in lipid bilayers and its effect on antimicrobial peptide magainin 2-induced pore formation. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:011101. [PMID: 38165103 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Positive membrane tension in the stretched plasma membrane of cells and in the stretched lipid bilayer of vesicles has been well analyzed quantitatively, whereas there is limited quantitative information on negative membrane tension in compressed plasma membranes and lipid bilayers. Here, we examined negative membrane tension quantitatively. First, we developed a theory to describe negative membrane tension by analyzing the free energy of lipid bilayers to obtain a theoretical equation for negative membrane tension. This allowed us to obtain an equation describing the negative membrane tension (σosm) for giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) in hypertonic solutions due to negative osmotic pressure (Π). Then, we experimentally estimated the negative membrane tension for GUVs in hypertonic solutions by measuring the rate constant (kr) of rupture of the GUVs induced by the constant tension (σex) due to an external force as a function of σex. We found that larger σex values were required to induce the rupture of GUVs under negative Π compared with GUVs in isotonic solution and quantitatively determined the negative membrane tension induced by Π (σosm) by the difference between these σex values. At small negative Π, the experimental values of negative σosm agree with their theoretical values within experimental error, but as negative Π increases, the deviation increases. Negative tension increased the stability of GUVs because higher tensions were required for GUV rupture, and the rate constant of antimicrobial peptide magainin 2-induced pore formation decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzuk Ahmed
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tamba
- General Education, National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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9
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Wadud MA, Karal MAS, Moniruzzaman M, Rashid MMO. Effects of membrane potentials on the electroporation of giant unilamellar vesicles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291496. [PMID: 37699026 PMCID: PMC10497157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms maintain a resting membrane potential, which plays an important role in various biophysical and biological processes. In the context of medical applications, irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal and minimally invasive technique that utilizes precisely controlled electric field pulses of micro- to millisecond durations to effectively ablate cancer and tumor cells. Previous studies on IRE-induced rupture of cell-mimetic giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) have primarily been conducted in the absence of membrane potentials. In this study, we investigated the electroporation of GUVs, including parameters such as the rate constant of rupture and the probability of rupture, in the presence of various negative membrane potentials. The membranes of GUVs were prepared using lipids and channel forming proteins. As the membrane potential increased from 0 to -90 mV, the rate constant of rupture showed a significant increase from (7.5 ± 1.6)×10-3 to (35.6 ± 5.5)×10-3 s-1. The corresponding probability of rupture also exhibited a notable increase from 0.40 ± 0.05 to 0.68 ± 0.05. To estimate the pore edge tension, the electric tension-dependent logarithm of the rate constant was fitted with the Arrhenius equation for different membrane potentials. The presence of membrane potential did not lead to any significant changes in the pore edge tension. The increase in electroporation is reasonably explained by the decrease in the prepore free energy barrier. The choice of buffer used in GUVs can significantly influence the kinetics of electroporation. This study provides valuable insights that can contribute to the application of electroporation techniques in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Wadud
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Moniruzzaman
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mamun Or Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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10
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Nair KS, Bajaj H. Advances in giant unilamellar vesicle preparation techniques and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102935. [PMID: 37320960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are versatile and promising cell-sized bio-membrane mimetic platforms. Their applications range from understanding and quantifying membrane biophysical processes to acting as elementary blocks in the bottom-up assembly of synthetic cells. Definite properties and requisite goals in GUVs are dictated by the preparation techniques critical to the success of their applications. Here, we review key advances in giant unilamellar vesicle preparation techniques and discuss their formation mechanisms. Developments in lipid hydration and emulsion techniques for GUV preparation are described. Novel microfluidic-based techniques involving lipid or surfactant-stabilized emulsions are outlined. GUV immobilization strategies are summarized, including gravity-based settling, covalent linking, and immobilization by microfluidic, electric, and magnetic barriers. Moreover, some of the key applications of GUVs as biomimetic and synthetic cell platforms during the last decade have been identified. Membrane interface processes like phase separation, membrane protein reconstitution, and membrane bending have been deciphered using GUVs. In addition, vesicles are also employed as building blocks to construct synthetic cells with defined cell-like functions comprising compartments, metabolic reactors, and abilities to grow and divide. We critically discuss the pros and cons of preparation technologies and the properties they confer to the GUVs and identify potential techniques for dedicated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika S Nair
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harsha Bajaj
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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11
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Karal MAS, Sultana S, Billah MM, Moniruzzaman M, Wadud MA, Gosh RC. Effects of polyethylene glycol-grafted phospholipid on the anionic magnetite nanoparticles-induced deformation and poration in giant lipid vesicles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289087. [PMID: 37523403 PMCID: PMC10389724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol-grafted phospholipid has been used extensively in the study of artificial vesicles, nanomedicine, and antimicrobial peptides/proteins. In this research, the effects of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N- [methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (abbreviated PEG-DOPE) on the deformation and poration of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs)-induced by anionic magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated. For this, the size of the NPs used was 18 nm, and their concentration in the physiological solution was 2.00 μg/mL. GUVs were prepared using the natural swelling method comprising 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and PEG-DOPE. The mole% of PEG-DOPE in the membranes were 0, 2, and 5%. The degree of deformation of the GUVs was quantified by the parameter compactness (Com), which is 1.0 for the spherical-shaped GUVs. The value of Com increases with time during the interactions of NPs with GUVs for any concentration of PEG-DOPE, but the rate of increase is significantly influenced by the PEG-DOPE concentration in the membranes. The average compactness increases with the increase of PEG-DOPE%, and after 60 min of NPs interaction, the values of average compactness for 0, 2, and 5% PEG-DOPE were 1.19 ± 0.02, 1.26 ± 0.03 and 1.35 ± 0.05, respectively. The fraction of deformation (Frd) also increased with the increase of PEG-DOPE%, and at 60 min, the values of Frd for 0 and 5% PEG-DOPE were 0.47 ± 0.02 and 0.63 ± 0.02, respectively. The fraction of poration (Frp) increased with the increase of PEG-DOPE, and at 60 min, the values of Frp for 0 and 5% PEG-DOPE were 0.25 ± 0.02 and 0.48 ± 0.02, respectively. Hence, the presence of PEG-grafted phospholipid in the membranes greatly enhances the anionic magnetite NPs-induced deformation and poration of giant vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Department of Physics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Wadud
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R C Gosh
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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12
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Nandi S, Nair KS, Bajaj H. Bacterial Outer-Membrane-Mimicking Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Model for Detecting Antimicrobial Permeability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5891-5900. [PMID: 37036429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The construction of bacterial outer membrane models with native lipids like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a barrier to understanding antimicrobial permeability at the membrane interface. Here, we engineer bacterial outer membrane (OM)-mimicking giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) by constituting LPS under different pH conditions and assembled GUVs with controlled dimensions. We quantify the LPS reconstituted in GUV membranes and reveal their arrangement in the leaflets of the vesicles. Importantly, we demonstrate the applications of OM vesicles by exploring antimicrobial permeability activity across membranes. Model peptides, melittin and magainin-2, are examined where both peptides exhibit lower membrane activity in OM vesicles than vesicles devoid of LPS. Our findings reveal the mode of action of antimicrobial peptides in bacterial-membrane-mimicking models. Notably, the critical peptide concentration required to elicit activity on model membranes correlates with the cell inhibitory concentrations that revalidate our models closely mimic bacterial membranes. In conclusion, we provide an OM-mimicking model capable of quantifying antimicrobial permeability across membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Nandi
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Karthika S Nair
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harsha Bajaj
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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13
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Espeche JC, Varas R, Maturana P, Cutro AC, Maffía PC, Hollmann A. Membrane permeability and antimicrobial peptides: Much more than just making a hole. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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14
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Drexler CI, Cyran JD, Webb LJ. Lipid-Specific Direct Translocation of the Cell-Penetrating Peptide NAF-1 44-67 across Bilayer Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2002-2010. [PMID: 36827970 PMCID: PMC10127249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The cell-penetrating peptide NAF-1 has recently emerged as a promising candidate for selective penetration and destruction of cancer cells. It displays numerous membrane-selective behaviors including cell-specific uptake and organelle-specific degradation. In this work, we explore membrane penetration and translocation of NAF-1 in model lipid bilayer vesicles as a function of lipid identity in zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine lipids mixed with anionic phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid lipids. By monitoring the digestion of NAF-1 using the protease trypsin located inside but not outside the vesicles, we determined that the translocation of NAF-1 was significantly enhanced by the presence of phosphatidic acid in the membrane compared to the other three anionic or zwitterionic lipids. These findings were correlated to fluorescence measurements of dansyl-labeled NAF-1, which revealed whether noncovalent interactions between NAF-1 and the bilayer were most stable either at the membrane/solution interface or within the membrane interior. Phosphatidic acid promoted interactions with fatty acid tails, while phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylglycerol stabilized interactions with polar lipid headgroups. Interfacial vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy experiments revealed that the phosphate moiety on phosphatidic acid headgroups was better hydrated than on the other three lipids, which helped to shuttle NAF-1 into the hydrophobic region. Our findings demonstrate that permeation does not depend on the net charge on phospholipid lipid headgroups in these model vesicles and suggest a model wherein NAF-1 crosses membranes selectively due to lipid-specific interactions at bilayer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad I Drexler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jenée D Cyran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Lauren J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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15
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Anselmo S, Sancataldo G, Baiamonte C, Pizzolanti G, Vetri V. Transportan 10 Induces Perturbation and Pores Formation in Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles Derived from Cancer Liver Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030492. [PMID: 36979427 PMCID: PMC10046094 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous progress has been made in the development of new molecules for therapeutic purposes. This is driven by the need to address several challenges such as molecular instability and biocompatibility, difficulties in crossing the plasma membrane, and the development of host resistance. In this context, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) constitute a promising tool for the development of new therapies due to their intrinsic ability to deliver therapeutic molecules to cells and tissues. These short peptides have gained increasing attention for applications in drug delivery as well as for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity but the general rules regulating the events involved in cellular uptake and in the following processes are still unclear. Here, we use fluorescence microscopy methods to analyze the interactions between the multifunctional peptide Transportan 10 (TP10) and the giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) derived from cancer cells. This aims to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying functional interactions which bring its translocation across the membrane or cytotoxic mechanisms leading to membrane collapse and disruption. The Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) method coupled with the phasor approach analysis proved to be the winning choice for following highly dynamic spatially heterogeneous events in real-time and highlighting aspects of such complex phenomena. Thanks to the presented approach, we were able to identify and monitor TP10 translocation into the lumen, internalization, and membrane-induced modifications depending on the peptide concentration regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Anselmo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segré, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sancataldo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segré, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Baiamonte
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- AteN Center-Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- AteN Center-Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Vetri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segré, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- AteN Center-Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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16
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Billah MM, Or Rashid MM, Ahmed M, Yamazaki M. Antimicrobial peptide magainin 2-induced rupture of single giant unilamellar vesicles comprising E. coli polar lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184112. [PMID: 36567034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) damage the cell membrane of bacterial cells and induce rapid leakage of the internal cell contents, which is a main cause of their bactericidal activity. One of the AMPs, magainin 2 (Mag), forms nanopores in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) comprising phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), inducing leakage of fluorescent probes. In this study, to elucidate the Mag-induced pore formation in lipid bilayer region in E. coli cell membrane, we examined the interaction of Mag with single GUVs comprising E. coli polar lipids (E. coli-lipid-GUVs). First, we investigated the Mag-induced leakage of a fluorescent probe AF488 from single E. coli-lipid-GUVs, and found that Mag caused rupture of GUVs, inducing rapid AF488 leakage. The rate constant of Mag-induced GUV rupture increased with the Mag concentration. Using fluorescence microscopy with a time resolution of 5 ms, we revealed the GUV rupture process: first, a small micropore was observed in the GUV membrane, then the pore radius increased within 50 ms without changing the GUV diameter, the thickness of the membrane at the pore rim concomitantly increased, and eventually membrane aggregates were formed. Mag bound to only the outer monolayer of the GUV before GUV rupture, which increased the area of the GUV bilayer. We also examined the physical properties of E. coli-lipid-GUVs themselves. We found that the rate constant of the constant tension-induced rupture of E. coli-lipid-GUVs was higher than that of PG/PC-GUVs. Based on these results, we discussed the Mag-induced rupture of E. coli-lipid-GUVs and its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masum Billah
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Mamun Or Rashid
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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17
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Akter S, Karal MAS, Hasan S, Ahamed MK, Ahmed M, Ahammed S. Effects of cholesterol on the anionic magnetite nanoparticle-induced deformation and poration of giant lipid vesicles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28283-28294. [PMID: 36320506 PMCID: PMC9531538 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03199j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of cholesterol on the deformation and poration of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) induced by anionic magnetite nanoparticles (NPs). Negatively charged lipid, neutral lipid, and cholesterol were used to prepare the charged GUVs (surface charge density of membranes - 0.16 C m-2), while only neutral lipid and cholesterol were used to prepare the neutral GUVs. Cholesterol content varied from 0 to 40 mole% for preparing the biologically relevant membranes. The degree of deformation has been characterized by compactness, the value of which remains at 1.0 for spherical GUVs. The value of compactness increases with time for both membranes, but this increase depends on cholesterol content. The average compactness decreases with cholesterol content, and at 60 min, the values are 1.280 ± 0.002 and 1.131 ± 0.010 for 0 and 40 mole% cholesterol containing charged GUVs. The average compactness is relatively lower for neutral GUVs for the corresponding cholesterol. Membrane poration has been investigated by the leakage of calcein, which indicates a two-state transition model. The fraction of deformation is higher for charged GUVs than for neutral ones, while the fraction of poration shows the opposite result. Both the fractions decrease with cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Akter
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Sharif Hasan
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
- Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority Agargaon Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
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18
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Hasan S, Karal MAS, Akter S, Ahmed M, Ahamed MK, Ahammed S. Influence of sugar concentration on the vesicle compactness, deformation and membrane poration induced by anionic nanoparticles. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275478. [PMID: 36174090 PMCID: PMC9521927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar plays a vital role in the structural and functional characteristics of cells. Hence, the interaction of NPs with cell membranes in the presence of sugar concentrations is important for medicinal and pharmacological innovations. This study integrated three tools: giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), anionic magnetite nanoparticles (NPs), and sugar concentrations, to understand a simplified mechanism for interactions between the vesicle membranes and NPs under various sugar concentrations. We focused on changing the sugar concentration in aqueous solution; more precisely, sucrose inside the GUVs and glucose outside with equal osmolarity. 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DOPG) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) were used to prepare the charged membranes of 40mole%DOPG/60mole%DOPC-GUVs, whereas only DOPC was used to prepare the neutral membranes. Phase contrast fluorescence microscopy shows that the adherence of 18 nm magnetite NPs with anionic charge depends on the sugar concentration. The alterations of GUVs induced by the NPs are characterized in terms of i) vesicle compactness, ii) deformation, and iii) membrane poration. The presence of sugar provides additional structural stability to the GUVs and reduces the effects of the NPs with respect to these parameters; more precisely, the higher the sugar concentration, the smaller the alteration induced by the NPs. The differences in NPs effects are explained by the change in the type of interaction between sugar molecules and lipid membranes, namely enthalpy and entropy-driven interaction, respectively. In addition, such alterations are influenced by the surface charge density of the lipid bilayer. The surface pressure of membranes due to the adsorption of NPs is responsible for inducing the poration in membranes. The differences in deformation and poration in charged and neutral GUVs under various sugar concentrations are discussed based on the structure of the head of lipid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Hasan
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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19
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Sarkar MK, Karal MAS, Levadny V, Belaya M, Ahmed M, Ahamed MK, Ahammed S. Effects of sugar concentration on the electroporation, size distribution and average size of charged giant unilamellar vesicles. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2022; 51:401-412. [PMID: 35716178 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-022-01607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of sugar concentration on the electroporation, size distribution and average size of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). GUVs were prepared from 40 mol% of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG) and 60 mol% of 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipids. Pulsed electric field was applied to the 40%DOPG/60%DOPC-GUVs and it induced lateral electric tension (σc) in the membranes of vesicles. The σc-induced probability of rupture (Ppore) and the rate constant of rupture (kp) of GUVs under the sugar concentration, c = 40, 100 and 300 mM, were determined. Both the Ppore and kp increased with the increase of σc, but higher tension was required to generate the same values of Ppore and kp with increasing c. We also investigated average sizes of GUVs from the size distribution of vesicles under various sugar concentrations. With the increase of c, the peak of the size distribution histograms shifted to the region of smaller vesicles. The average size decreased 1.6-fold when c increased from 10 to 300 mM. These investigations help to understand various biomedical, biophysical, and biochemical processes in vesicles and cells. Electroporation, size distribution and average size of charged GUVs were investigated under various sugar concentrations. The sugar concentration influences the electroporation of vesicles and the average size of GUVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Arts and Sciences, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Victor Levadny
- Theoretical Problem Center of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117977, Russia
| | - Marina Belaya
- Department of Mathematics, Russian State University for the Humanities, GSP-3, Moscow, 125993, Russia
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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20
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Al Nahas K, Fletcher M, Hammond K, Nehls C, Cama J, Ryadnov MG, Keyser UF. Measuring Thousands of Single-Vesicle Leakage Events Reveals the Mode of Action of Antimicrobial Peptides. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9530-9539. [PMID: 35760038 PMCID: PMC9280716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Host defense or antimicrobial
peptides hold promise for providing
new pipelines of effective antimicrobial agents. Their activity quantified
against model phospholipid membranes is fundamental to a detailed
understanding of their structure–activity relationships. However,
classical characterization assays often lack the ability to achieve
this insight. Leveraging a highly parallelized microfluidic platform
for trapping and studying thousands of giant unilamellar vesicles,
we conducted quantitative long-term microscopy studies to monitor
the membrane-disruptive activity of archetypal antimicrobial peptides
with a high spatiotemporal resolution. We described the modes of action
of these peptides via measurements of the disruption of the vesicle
population under the conditions of continuous peptide dosing using
a range of concentrations and related the observed modes to the molecular
activity mechanisms of these peptides. The study offers an effective
approach for characterizing membrane-targeting antimicrobial agents
in a standardized manner and for assigning specific modes of action
to the corresponding antimicrobial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Al Nahas
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Marcus Fletcher
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Katharine Hammond
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K.,London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, U.K
| | - Christian Nehls
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Parkallee 10, Borstel 23845, Germany
| | - Jehangir Cama
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, U.K.,College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, U.K
| | - Maxim G Ryadnov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K.,Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand Lane, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Ulrich F Keyser
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
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21
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Billah MM, Saha SK, Or Rashid MM, Hossain F, Yamazaki M. Effect of Osmotic Pressure on Pore Formation in Lipid bilayers by the Antimicrobial Peptide Magainin 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6716-6731. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05764b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osmotic pressure (Π) induces membrane tension in cells and lipid vesicles, which may affect the activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) by an unknown mechanism. We recently quantitated the membrane tension...
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22
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Karal MAS, Ahamed MK, Ahmed M, Mahbub ZB. Recent developments in the kinetics of ruptures of giant vesicles under constant tension. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29598-29619. [PMID: 35479542 PMCID: PMC9040846 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
External tension in membranes plays a vital role in numerous physiological and physicochemical phenomena. In this review, recent developments in the constant electric- and mechanical-tension-induced rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are considered. We summarize the results relating to the kinetics of GUV rupture as a function of membrane surface charge, ions in the bathing solution, lipid composition, cholesterol content in the membrane, and osmotic pressure. The mechanical stability and line tension of the membrane under these conditions are discussed. The membrane tension due to osmotic pressure and the critical tension of rupture for various membrane compositions are also discussed. The results and their analysis provide a biophysical description of the kinetics of rupture, along with insight into biological processes. Future directions and possible developments in this research area are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Zaid Bin Mahbub
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North South University Dhaka-1229 Bangladesh
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23
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Tsukamoto M, Zappala E, Caputo GA, Kikuchi JI, Najarian K, Kuroda K, Yasuhara K. Mechanistic Study of Membrane Disruption by Antimicrobial Methacrylate Random Copolymers by the Single Giant Vesicle Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9982-9995. [PMID: 34378943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cationic amphiphilic polymers have been a platform to create new antimicrobial materials that act by disrupting bacterial cell membranes. While activity characterization and chemical optimization have been done in numerous studies, there remains a gap in our knowledge on the antimicrobial mechanisms of the polymers, which is needed to connect their chemical structures and biological activities. To that end, we used a single giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) method to identify the membrane-disrupting mechanism of methacrylate random copolymers. The copolymers consist of random sequences of aminoethyl methacrylate and methyl (MMA) or butyl (BMA) methacrylate, with low molecular weights of 1600-2100 g·mol-1. GUVs consisting of an 8:2 mixture of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol), sodium salt (POPG) and those with only 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) were prepared to mimic the bacterial (Escherichia coli) or mammalian membranes, respectively. The disruption of bacteria and mammalian cell membrane-mimetic lipid bilayers in GUVs reflected the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of the copolymers, suggesting that the copolymers act by disrupting cell membranes. The copolymer with BMA formed pores in the lipid bilayer, while that with MMA caused GUVs to burst. Therefore, we propose that the mechanism is inherent to the chemical identity or properties of hydrophobic groups. The copolymer with MMA showed characteristic sigmoid curves of the time course of GUV burst. We propose a new kinetic model with a positive feedback loop in the insertion of the polymer chains in the lipid bilayer. The novel finding of alkyl-dependent membrane-disrupting mechanisms will provide a new insight into the role of hydrophobic groups in the optimization strategy for antimicrobial activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Tsukamoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
| | - Emanuele Zappala
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Jun-Ichi Kikuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
| | - Kayvan Najarian
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
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24
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Karal MAS, Nasrin T, Ahmed M, Ahamed MK, Ahammed S, Akter S, Hasan S, Mahbub ZB. A new purification technique to obtain specific size distribution of giant lipid vesicles using dual filtration. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254930. [PMID: 34324548 PMCID: PMC8321220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new purification technique is developed for obtaining distribution of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) within a specific range of sizes using dual filtration. The GUVs were prepared using well known natural swelling method. For filtration, different combinations of polycarbonate membranes were implemented in filter holders. In our experiment, the combinations of membranes were selected with corresponding pore sizes-(i) 12 and 10 μm, (ii) 12 and 8 μm, and (iii) 10 and 8 μm. By these filtration arrangements, obtained GUVs size distribution were in the ranges of 6-26 μm, 5-38 μm and 5-30 μm, respectively. In comparison, the size distribution range was much higher for single filtration technique, for example, 6-59 μm GUVs found for a membrane with 12 μm pores. Using this technique, the water-soluble fluorescent probe, calcein, can be removed from the suspension of GUVs successfully. The size distributions were analyzed with lognormal distribution. The skewness became smaller (narrow size distribution) when a dual filtration was used instead of single filtration. The mode of the size distribution obtained in dual filtration was also smaller to that of single filtration. By continuing this process of purification for a second time, the GUVs size distribution became even narrower. After using an extra filtration with dual filtration, two different size distributions of GUVs were obtained at a time. This experimental observation suggests that different size specific distributions of GUVs can be obtained easily, even if GUVs are prepared by different other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tawfika Nasrin
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharif Hasan
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zaid Bin Mahbub
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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25
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Al Nahas K, Keyser UF. Standardizing characterization of membrane active peptides with microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:041301. [PMID: 34257793 PMCID: PMC8266397 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as important players in the fight against antibiotic resistance. In parallel, the field of microfluidics has matured and its benefits are being exploited in applications of biomimetics and standardized testing. Membrane models are essential tools extensively utilized in studying the activity and modes of action of AMPs. Here, we describe how the utilization of microfluidic platforms in characterizing membrane active peptides can develop a reliable colorful image that classical techniques have rendered black and white.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Al Nahas
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich F. Keyser
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom
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26
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Luchini A, Vitiello G. Mimicking the Mammalian Plasma Membrane: An Overview of Lipid Membrane Models for Biophysical Studies. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 6:biomimetics6010003. [PMID: 33396534 PMCID: PMC7838988 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell membranes are very complex biological systems including a large variety of lipids and proteins. Therefore, they are difficult to extract and directly investigate with biophysical methods. For many decades, the characterization of simpler biomimetic lipid membranes, which contain only a few lipid species, provided important physico-chemical information on the most abundant lipid species in cell membranes. These studies described physical and chemical properties that are most likely similar to those of real cell membranes. Indeed, biomimetic lipid membranes can be easily prepared in the lab and are compatible with multiple biophysical techniques. Lipid phase transitions, the bilayer structure, the impact of cholesterol on the structure and dynamics of lipid bilayers, and the selective recognition of target lipids by proteins, peptides, and drugs are all examples of the detailed information about cell membranes obtained by the investigation of biomimetic lipid membranes. This review focuses specifically on the advances that were achieved during the last decade in the field of biomimetic lipid membranes mimicking the mammalian plasma membrane. In particular, we provide a description of the most common types of lipid membrane models used for biophysical characterization, i.e., lipid membranes in solution and on surfaces, as well as recent examples of their applications for the investigation of protein-lipid and drug-lipid interactions. Altogether, promising directions for future developments of biomimetic lipid membranes are the further implementation of natural lipid mixtures for the development of more biologically relevant lipid membranes, as well as the development of sample preparation protocols that enable the incorporation of membrane proteins in the biomimetic lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Luchini
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
- CSGI-Center for Colloid and Surface Science, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
- Correspondence:
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27
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Bechinger B, Juhl DW, Glattard E, Aisenbrey C. Revealing the Mechanisms of Synergistic Action of Two Magainin Antimicrobial Peptides. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:615494. [PMID: 35047895 PMCID: PMC8757784 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.615494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of peptide-lipid and peptide-peptide interactions as well as their topology and dynamics using biophysical and structural approaches have changed our view how antimicrobial peptides work and function. It has become obvious that both the peptides and the lipids arrange in soft supramolecular arrangements which are highly dynamic and able to change and mutually adapt their conformation, membrane penetration, and detailed morphology. This can occur on a local and a global level. This review focuses on cationic amphipathic peptides of the magainin family which were studied extensively by biophysical approaches. They are found intercalated at the membrane interface where they cause membrane thinning and ultimately lysis. Interestingly, mixtures of two of those peptides namely magainin 2 and PGLa which occur naturally as a cocktail in the frog skin exhibit synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial activities when investigated together in antimicrobial assays but also in biophysical experiments with model membranes. Detailed dose-response curves, presented here for the first time, show a cooperative behavior for the individual peptides which is much increased when PGLa and magainin are added as equimolar mixture. This has important consequences for their bacterial killing activities and resistance development. In membranes that carry unsaturations both peptides align parallel to the membrane surface where they have been shown to arrange into mesophases involving the peptides and the lipids. This supramolecular structuration comes along with much-increased membrane affinities for the peptide mixture. Because this synergism is most pronounced in membranes representing the bacterial lipid composition it can potentially be used to increase the therapeutic window of pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Dennis Wilkens Juhl
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Glattard
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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28
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Martínez-Calle M, Parra-Ortiz E, Cruz A, Olmeda B, Pérez-Gil J. Towards the Molecular Mechanism of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein SP-B: At the Crossroad of Membrane Permeability and Interfacial Lipid Transfer. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166749. [PMID: 33309854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.166749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid-protein complex that coats the alveolar air-liquid interface, enabling the proper functioning of lung mechanics. The hydrophobic surfactant protein SP-B, in particular, plays an indispensable role in promoting the rapid adsorption of phospholipids into the interface. For this, formation of SP-B ring-shaped assemblies seems to be important, as oligomerization could be required for the ability of the protein to generate membrane contacts and to mediate lipid transfer among surfactant structures. SP-B, together with the other hydrophobic surfactant protein SP-C, also promotes permeability of surfactant membranes to polar molecules although the molecular mechanisms underlying this property, as well as its relevance for the surface activity of the protein, remain undefined. In this work, the contribution of SP-B and SP-C to surfactant membrane permeability has been further investigated, by evaluation of the ability of differently-sized fluorescent polar probes to permeate through giant vesicles with different lipid/protein composition. Our results are consistent with the generation by SP-B of pores with defined size in surfactant membranes. Furthermore, incubation of surfactant with an anti-SP-B antibody not only blocked membrane permeability but also affected lipid transfer into the air-water interface, as observed in a captive bubble surfactometer device. Our findings include the identification of SP-C and anionic phospholipids as modulators required for maintaining native-like permeability features in pulmonary surfactant membranes. Proper permeability through membrane assemblies could be crucial to complement the overall role of surfactant in maintaining alveolar equilibrium, beyond its biophysical function in stabilizing the respiratory air-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Calle
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Parra-Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Olmeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Hammond K, Ryadnov MG, Hoogenboom BW. Atomic force microscopy to elucidate how peptides disrupt membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183447. [PMID: 32835656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy is an increasingly attractive tool to study how peptides disrupt membranes. Often performed on reconstituted lipid bilayers, it provides access to time and length scales that allow dynamic investigations with nanometre resolution. Over the last decade, AFM studies have enabled visualisation of membrane disruption mechanisms by antimicrobial or host defence peptides, including peptides that target malignant cells and biofilms. Moreover, the emergence of high-speed modalities of the technique broadens the scope of investigations to antimicrobial kinetics as well as the imaging of peptide action on live cells in real time. This review describes how methodological advances in AFM facilitate new insights into membrane disruption mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Hammond
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK; London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Maxim G Ryadnov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand Lane, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Bart W Hoogenboom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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30
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Magana M, Pushpanathan M, Santos AL, Leanse L, Fernandez M, Ioannidis A, Giulianotti MA, Apidianakis Y, Bradfute S, Ferguson AL, Cherkasov A, Seleem MN, Pinilla C, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Lazaridis T, Dai T, Houghten RA, Hancock REW, Tegos GP. The value of antimicrobial peptides in the age of resistance. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:e216-e230. [PMID: 32653070 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating growth and global expansion of antimicrobial resistance has deepened the need for discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides have clear advantages over conventional antibiotics which include slower emergence of resistance, broad-spectrum antibiofilm activity, and the ability to favourably modulate the host immune response. Broad bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides offers an additional tool to expand knowledge about the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Structural and functional limitations, combined with a stricter regulatory environment, have hampered the clinical translation of antimicrobial peptides as potential therapeutic agents. Existing computational and experimental tools attempt to ease the preclinical and clinical development of antimicrobial peptides as novel therapeutics. This Review identifies the benefits, challenges, and opportunities of using antimicrobial peptides against multidrug-resistant pathogens, highlights advances in the deployment of novel promising antimicrobial peptides, and underlines the needs and priorities in designing focused development strategies taking into account the most advanced tools available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magana
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ana L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain
| | - Leon Leanse
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Fernandez
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Steven Bradfute
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Clemencia Pinilla
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Themis Lazaridis
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Programs in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - George P Tegos
- Reading Hospital, Tower Health, West Reading, PA, USA; Micromoria, Venture X Marlborough, Marlborough, MA, USA.
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31
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Saha SK, Alam Shibly SU, Yamazaki M. Membrane Tension in Negatively Charged Lipid Bilayers in a Buffer under Osmotic Pressure. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5588-5599. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samiron Kumar Saha
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Sayed Ul Alam Shibly
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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32
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Karal MAS, Ahamed MK, Mokta NA, Ahmed M, Ahammed S. Influence of cholesterol on electroporation in lipid membranes of giant vesicles. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:361-370. [PMID: 32535676 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is primarily a nonthermal ablative technology that uses a series of high-voltage and ultra-short pulses with high-frequency electrical energy to induce cell death. This paper presents the influence of cholesterol on the IRE-induced probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The GUVs are prepared by a mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and cholesterol using the natural swelling method. An IRE signal of frequency 1.1 kHz is applied to the membranes of GUVs. The probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation events are obtained using statistical analysis from several single GUVs. The time-dependent fraction of intact GUVs among all those examined is fitted to a single exponential decay function from where the rate constant of pore formation is calculated. The probability of pore formation and the rate constant of pore formation decreases with an increase in cholesterol content in the membranes of GUVs. Theoretical equations are fitted to the tension-dependent rate constant of pore formation and to the probability of pore formation, which allows us to obtain the line tension of membranes. The obtained line tension increases with an increase in cholesterol in the membranes. The increase in the energy barrier of the prepore state, due to the increase of cholesterol in membranes, is the main factor explaining the decrease in the rate constant of pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Akter Mokta
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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33
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Single-vesicle imaging reveals lipid-selective and stepwise membrane disruption by monomeric α-synuclein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14178-14186. [PMID: 32513706 PMCID: PMC7322013 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914670117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are increasing among the world's population, but there are no cures. These disorders all involve proteins that assemble into amyloid fibers which results in brain cell death. Evidence suggests that association of these proteins with lipid membranes is crucial for both functional and pathological roles. In Parkinson's disease, the involved protein, α-synuclein, is thought to function in trafficking of lipid vesicles in the brain. In search of mechanistic origins, increasing focus is put on identifying neurotoxic reactions induced by membrane interactions. To contribute new clues to this question, we here employed a new surface-sensitive scattering microscopy technique. With this approach, we discovered that α-synuclein perturbs vesicles in a stepwise and lipid-dependent fashion already at very low protein coverage. The interaction of the neuronal protein α-synuclein with lipid membranes appears crucial in the context of Parkinson’s disease, but the underlying mechanistic details, including the roles of different lipids in pathogenic protein aggregation and membrane disruption, remain elusive. Here, we used single-vesicle resolution fluorescence and label-free scattering microscopy to investigate the interaction kinetics of monomeric α-synuclein with surface-tethered vesicles composed of different negatively charged lipids. Supported by a theoretical model to account for structural changes in scattering properties of surface-tethered lipid vesicles, the data demonstrate stepwise vesicle disruption and asymmetric membrane deformation upon α-synuclein binding to phosphatidylglycerol vesicles at protein concentrations down to 10 nM (∼100 proteins per vesicle). In contrast, phosphatidylserine vesicles were only marginally affected. These insights into structural consequences of α-synuclein interaction with lipid vesicles highlight the contrasting roles of different anionic lipids, which may be of mechanistic relevance for both normal protein function (e.g., synaptic vesicle binding) and dysfunction (e.g., mitochondrial membrane interaction).
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34
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Kinetics of irreversible pore formation under constant electrical tension in giant unilamellar vesicles. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:371-381. [PMID: 32494845 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stretching in the plasma membranes of cells and lipid membranes of vesicles plays important roles in various physiological and physicochemical phenomena. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a minimally invasive non-thermal tumor ablation technique where a series of short electrical energy pulses with high frequency is applied to destabilize the cell membranes. IRE also induces lateral tension due to stretching in the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Here, the kinetics of irreversible pore formation under constant electrical tension in GUVs has been investigated. The GUVs are prepared by a mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine using the natural swelling method. An IRE signal of frequency 1.1 kHz is applied to the GUVs through a gold-coated electrode system. Stochastic pore formation is observed for several 'single GUVs' at a particular constant tension. The time course of the fraction of intact GUVs among all the examined GUVs is fitted with a single-exponential decay function from which the rate constant of pore formation in the vesicle, kp, is calculated. The value of kp increases with an increase of membrane tension. An increase in the proportion of negatively charged lipids in a membrane gives a higher kp. Theoretical equations are fitted to the tension-dependent kp and to the probability of pore formation, which allows us to obtain the line tension of the membranes. The decrease in the energy barrier for formation of the nano-size nascent or prepore state, due to the increase in electrical tension, is the main factor explaining the increase of kp.
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35
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Karal MAS, Ahamed MK, Ahmed M, Ahamed S, Mahbub ZB. Location of Peptide-Induced Submicron Discontinuities in the Membranes of Vesicles Using ImageJ. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:735-740. [PMID: 32472291 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptide transportan 10 and antimicrobial peptide melittin formed submicron pores in the lipid membranes of vesicles which are explained by the leakage of water-soluble fluorescent probes from the inside of vesicles to the outside. It is hypothesized that these submicron pores induce submicron discontinuities in the membranes. Considering this hypothesis, a technique has developed to locate the submicron discontinuities in the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using ImageJ. In this technique, at first the edges of membrane of a 'single GUV' are detected and then these edges are used to locate the submicron discontinuities. Two continuous rings are observed after applying the ImageJ in GUVs which indicated the edges of membrane. In contrast, the submicron discontinuations are detected at the edges of transportan 10 and melittin induced pore formed membranes. This investigation might be helpful for the elucidation of mechanism of the peptide-induced pore formation in the membranes of vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Zaid Bin Mahbub
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
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36
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Deformation and poration of giant unilamellar vesicles induced by anionic nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 230:104916. [PMID: 32407734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of anionic magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) of size 18 nm with negatively charged giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) formed from a mixture of neutral dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and negatively charged dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) lipids has been investigated. It has been obtained that NPs induces the deformation of spherical GUVs. The reaction of other GUVs on NPs consists in the appearance of pores in their membranes. We focused the effect of electrostatics on the interaction of charged membranes with MNPs. To study the influence of the surface charge of GUVs on the processes under consideration, we varied the fraction of DOPG in the vesicles from 0 to 100%. We examined the influence of salt concentration in the range of 50-300 mM NaCl concentration. To describe the degree of deformation, a special parameter compactness was introduced. The pore formation in the membranes of GUVs was investigated by the leakage of sucrose. The compactness increases with time and also NPs concentration. The fraction of deformed GUVs increases with the increase of surface charge density of membranes as well as the decrease of salt concentration in buffer. The value of compactness for neutral membrane is 1.25 times higher than that of charged ones. The fraction of deformed GUVs become constant after 20 min, however it increases with NPs concentration. The time taken for stochastic pore formation is less for charged membrane than neutral one. The physical mechanism explaining the experimental results obtained in these investigations.
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37
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Moghal MMR, Hossain F, Yamazaki M. Action of antimicrobial peptides and cell-penetrating peptides on membrane potential revealed by the single GUV method. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:339-348. [PMID: 32152921 PMCID: PMC7242587 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane potential plays various key roles in live bacterial and eukaryotic cells. So far, the effects of membrane potential on action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been examined using cells and small lipid vesicles. However, due to the technical drawbacks of these experiments, the effect of membrane potential on the actions of AMPs and CPPs and the elementary processes of interactions of these peptides with cell membranes and vesicle membranes are not well understood. In this short review, we summarize the results of the effect of membrane potential on the action of an AMP, lactoferricin B (LfcinB), and a CPP, transportan 10 (TP10), in vesicle membranes revealed by the single giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) method. Parts of the actions and their elementary steps of AMPs and CPPs interacting vesicle membranes under membrane potential are clearly revealed using the single GUV method. The experimental methods and their analysis described here can be used to elucidate the effects of membrane potential on various activities of peptides such as AMPs, CPPs, and proteins. Moreover, GUVs with membrane potential are more suitable as a model of cells or artificial cells, as well as GUVs containing small vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Hossain
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Karal MAS, Ahmed M, Levadny V, Belaya M, Ahamed MK, Rahman M, Shakil MM. Electrostatic interaction effects on the size distribution of self-assembled giant unilamellar vesicles. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012404. [PMID: 32069606 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence of electrostatic conditions (salt concentration of the solution and vesicle surface charge density) on the size distribution of self-assembled giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) is considered. The membranes of GUVs are synthesized by a mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine in a physiological buffer using the natural swelling method. The experimental results are presented in the form of a set of histograms. The log-normal distribution is used for statistical treatment of results. It is obtained that the decrease of salt concentration and the increase of vesicle surface charge density of the membranes increase the average size of the GUV population. To explain the experimental results, a theory using the Helmholtz free energy of the system describing the GUV vesiculation is developed. The size distribution histograms and average size of GUVs under various conditions are fitted with the proposed theory. It is shown that the variation of the bending modulus due to changing of electrostatic parameters of the system is the main factor causing a change in the average size of GUVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Victor Levadny
- Theoretical Problem Center of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117977, Russia
| | - Marina Belaya
- Department of Mathematics of Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow GSP-3 125993, Russia
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostofa Shakil
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Karal MAS, Islam MK, Mahbub ZB. Study of molecular transport through a single nanopore in the membrane of a giant unilamellar vesicle using COMSOL simulation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2019; 49:59-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Effects of electrically-induced constant tension on giant unilamellar vesicles using irreversible electroporation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2019; 48:731-741. [PMID: 31552440 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Stretching in membranes of cells and vesicles plays important roles in various physiological and physicochemical phenomena. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is the irreversible permeabilization of the membrane through the application of a series of electrical field pulses of micro- to millisecond duration. IRE induces lateral tension due to stretching in the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). However, the effects of electrically induced (i.e., IRE) constant tension in the membranes of GUVs have not been investigated yet in detail. To explore the effects of electrically induced tension on GUVs, firstly a microcontroller-based IRE technique is developed which produces electric field pulses (332 V/cm) with pulse width 200 µs. Then the electrodeformation, electrofusion and membrane rupture of GUVs are investigated at various constant tensions in which the membranes of GUVs are composed of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC). Stochastic electropore formation is observed in the membranes at an electrically induced constant tension in which the probability of pore formation is increased with the increase of tension from 2.5 to 7.0 mN/m. The results of pore formation at different electrically-induced constant tensions are in agreement with those reported for mechanically-induced constant tension. The decrease in the energy barrier of the pre-pore state due to the increase of electrically-induced tension is the main factor increasing the probability of electropore formation. These investigations help to provide an understanding of the complex behavior of cells/vesicles in electric field pulses and can form the basis for practical applications in biomedical technology.
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Miyabe K, Senoo S, Okayasu N. Moment theory for the analytical determination of rate constants for solute permeation at the interface of spherical molecular aggregates. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2962-2970. [PMID: 31512268 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Moment equations were developed on the basis of the Einstein equation for diffusion and the random walk model to analytically determine the rate constant for the interfacial solute permeation from a bulk solvent into molecular aggregates (kin ) and the inverse rate constant from the molecular aggregates to the bulk solvent (kout ). The moment equations were in good agreement with those derived in a different manner. To demonstrate their effectiveness in one concrete example, the moment equations were used to analytically determine the values of kin and kout of three electrically neutral solutes, i.e. resorcinol, phenol, and nitrobenzene, from the first absolute (μ1A ) and second central (μ2C ) moments of their elution peaks, as measured by electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), in which the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles were used as a pseudostationary phase. The values of kin and kout should be determined with no chemical modifications and no physical action with the molecular aggregates because they are dynamic systems formed through weak interactions between the components. The moment analysis of the elution peak profiles measured by EKC is effective to unambiguously determine kin , kout , and the partition equilibrium constant (kin /kout ) under appropriate experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Senoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanami Okayasu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Mescola A, Marín-Medina N, Ragazzini G, Accolla M, Alessandrini A. Magainin-H2 effects on the permeabilization and mechanical properties of giant unilamellar vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:247-258. [PMID: 31207545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the potential novel therapeutics to treat bacterial infections, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a very promising substitute due to their broad-spectrum activity and rapid bactericidal action. AMPs strongly interact with the bacterial membrane, and the need to have a correct understanding of the interaction between AMPs and lipid bilayers at a molecular level prompted a wealth of experimental and theoretical studies exploiting a variety of AMPs. Here, we studied the effects of magainin H2 (Mag H2), an analog of the well-known magainin 2 (wt Mag 2) AMP endowed with a higher degree of hydrophobicity, on giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) concentrating on its permeabilization activity and the effect on the lipid bilayer mechanical properties. We demonstrated that the increased hydrophobicity of Mag H2 affects its selectivity conferring a strong permeabilization activity also on zwitterionic lipid bilayers. Moreover, when lipid mixtures including PG lipids are considered, PG has a protective effect, at variance from wt Mag 2, suggesting that for Mag H2 the monolayer curvature could prevail over the peptide-membrane electrostatic interaction. We then mechanically characterized GUVs by measuring the effect of Mag H2 on the bending constant of lipid bilayers by flickering spectroscopy and, by using micropipette aspiration technique, we followed the steps leading to vesicle permeabilization. We found that Mag H2, notwithstanding its enhanced hydrophobicity, has a pore formation mechanism compatible with the toroidal pore model similar to that of wt Mag 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Nathaly Marín-Medina
- Department of Physics, University of Los Andes, Carrera 1 N° 18A - 12, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Accolla
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Hossain F, Moghal MMR, Islam MZ, Moniruzzaman M, Yamazaki M. Membrane potential is vital for rapid permeabilization of plasma membranes and lipid bilayers by the antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin B. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10449-10462. [PMID: 31118274 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide, and its capacity to damage the bacterial plasma membrane is suggested to be a main factor in LfcinB's antimicrobial activity. However, the specific processes and mechanisms in LfcinB-induced membrane damage are unclear. In this report, using confocal laser-scanning microscopy, we examined the interaction of LfcinB with single Escherichia coli cells and spheroplasts containing the water-soluble fluorescent probe calcein in the cytoplasm. LfcinB induced rapid calcein leakage from single E. coli cells and from single spheroplasts, indicating that LfcinB interacts directly with the plasma membrane and induces its rapid permeabilization. The proton ionophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone suppressed this leakage. Next, we used the single giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) method to examine LfcinB's interaction with GUVs comprising polar lipid extracts of E. coli containing a water-soluble fluorescent probe, Alexa Fluor 647 hydrazide (AF647). We observed that LfcinB stochastically induces local rupture in single GUVs, causing rapid AF647 leakage; however, higher LfcinB concentrations were required for AF647 leakage from GUVs than from E. coli cells and spheroplasts. To identify the reason for this difference, we examined the effect of membrane potential on LfcinB-induced pore formation, finding that the rate of LfcinB-induced local rupture in GUVs increases greatly with increasing negative membrane potential. These results indicate that membrane potential plays an important role in LfcinB-induced local rupture of lipid bilayers and rapid permeabilization of E. coli plasma membranes. On the basis of these results, we discuss the mode of action of LfcinB's antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Hossain
- From the Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal
- From the Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- From the Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- From the Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- From the Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, .,the Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, and.,the Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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45
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Hasan M, Moghal MMR, Saha SK, Yamazaki M. The role of membrane tension in the action of antimicrobial peptides and cell-penetrating peptides in biomembranes. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:431-448. [PMID: 31093936 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with antimicrobial and bactericidal activities and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) with activity to permeate through plasma membrane, their interactions with lipid bilayer region in plasma membrane play important roles in these functions. However, the elementary processes and mechanisms of their functions have not been clear. The single giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) method has revealed the details of elementary processes of interaction of some AMPs and CPPs with lipid vesicles. In this review, we summarize the mode of action of AMPs such as magainin 2 (Mag) and CPPs such as transportan 10 (TP10), revealed by the single GUV methods, and especially we focus on the role of membrane tension in actions of Mag and TP10 and the mechanisms of their actions. First, we explain the characteristics of the single GUV method briefly. Next, we summarize the recent view on the effect of tension on physical properties of lipid bilayers and describe the role of tension in actions of Mag and TP10. Some experimental results indicate that Mag-induced pore is a stretch-activated pore. The effect of packing of transbilayer asymmetric lipid on Mag-induced pore formation is described. On the other hand, entry of fluorescent dye, carboxyfluorescein (CF)-labeled TP10 (i.e., CF-TP10), into single GUVs without pore formation is affected by tension and high concentration of cholesterol. Pre-pore model for translocation of CF-TP10 across lipid bilayer is described. The experimental methods and their analysis described here are useful for investigation of functions of the other types of AMPs, CPPs, and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moynul Hasan
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Samiron Kumar Saha
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Abstract
Membrane permeabilizing peptides (MPPs) are as ubiquitous as the lipid bilayer membranes they act upon. Produced by all forms of life, most membrane permeabilizing peptides are used offensively or defensively against the membranes of other organisms. Just as nature has found many uses for them, translational scientists have worked for decades to design or optimize membrane permeabilizing peptides for applications in the laboratory and in the clinic ranging from antibacterial and antiviral therapy and prophylaxis to anticancer therapeutics and drug delivery. Here, we review the field of membrane permeabilizing peptides. We discuss the diversity of their sources and structures, the systems and methods used to measure their activities, and the behaviors that are observed. We discuss the fact that "mechanism" is not a discrete or a static entity for an MPP but rather the result of a heterogeneous and dynamic ensemble of structural states that vary in response to many different experimental conditions. This has led to an almost complete lack of discrete three-dimensional active structures among the thousands of known MPPs and a lack of useful or predictive sequence-structure-function relationship rules. Ultimately, we discuss how it may be more useful to think of membrane permeabilizing peptides mechanisms as broad regions of a mechanistic landscape rather than discrete molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Guha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - Jenisha Ghimire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - Eric Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
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Karal MAS, Rahman M, Ahamed MK, Shibly SUA, Ahmed M, Shakil MM. Low cost non-electromechanical technique for the purification of giant unilamellar vesicles. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2019; 48:349-359. [PMID: 30918998 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipid membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) with diameters greater than 10 μm are promising model membranes for investigating the physical and biological properties of the biomembranes of cells. These are extensively used for the study of the interaction of various membrane-active agents, where purified and similar-size oil-free GUVs are necessary. Although the existing membrane filtering method provides the required quality and quantity of GUVs, it includes a relatively expensive double-headed peristaltic pump. In our proposed non-electromechanical technique, gravity is used to maintain the flow of buffer, wherein the flow rate of buffer with the suspension of GUVs is controlled by a locally available low cost roller clamp regulator. We have characterized the results of this non-electromechanical approach in terms of size distribution, average size, flow rate and efficiency for dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG)/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC)-GUVs prepared by the natural swelling method. The technique purifies the GUVs by removing the non-entrapped solutes at an optimum flow rate 1.0-2.0 mL/min. In addition, it gives similar results to the pump-driven membrane filtering method. Therefore, it might be a cost effective technique for the purification of GUVs without employing any electromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Biophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mostafizur Rahman
- Biophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Biophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Biophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostofa Shakil
- Biophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Ewins E, Lira RB, Zhang W, Yuan J, Antonietti M, Robinson T, Dimova R. Poly(Ionic Liquid) Nanoparticles Selectively Disrupt Biomembranes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801602. [PMID: 30828532 PMCID: PMC6382306 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanoparticles have an increasing presence in research due to their attractive properties, such as flexible surface functionality design and the ability to scale up production. Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) nanoparticles of size below 50 nm are very unique in terms of their high charge density and internal onion-like morphology. The interaction between PIL nanoparticles and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of various surface charge densities is investigated. GUVs represent a convenient model system as they mimic the size and curvature of plasma membranes, while simultaneously offering direct visualization of the membrane response under the microscope. Incubating PIL nanoparticles with GUVs results in poration of the lipid membrane in a concentration- and charge-dependent manner. A critical poration concentration of PILs is located and the interactions are found to be analogous to those of antimicrobial peptides. Microbial mimetic membranes are already affected at submicromolar PIL concentrations where contrast loss is observed due to sugar exchange across the membrane, while at high concentrations the collapse of vesicles is observed. Finally, a confocal microscopy-based approach assessing the particle permeation through the membrane is reported and a mechanism based on bilayer frustration and pore stabilization via particle integration in the membrane is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Ewins
- Department of Theory & Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Rafael B. Lira
- Department of Theory & Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Tom Robinson
- Department of Theory & Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory & Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14424PotsdamGermany
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49
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Hasan M, Yamazaki M. Elementary Processes and Mechanisms of Interactions of Antimicrobial Peptides with Membranes-Single Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:17-32. [PMID: 30980351 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and to develop de novo designed peptides with activities similar to those of AMPs, it is essential to elucidate the detailed processes of AMP interactions with plasma membranes of bacterial and fungal cells and model membranes (lipid bilayers). In this mini-review, we summarize the present state of knowledge of the interactions of AMPs with lipid vesicles obtained using the single giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) method. Currently, three modes of action of AMPs on GUVs have been defined. The elementary processes of interactions of AMPs with lipid vesicles revealed by the single GUV method, and the advantages of this technique, are described and discussed. For example, the single GUV method can be used to determine rate constants of AMP-induced pore formation or local rupture and membrane permeation of internal contents through the pore or the local rupture, the transbilayer movement of lipids, and the relationship between the location of AMPs and pore formation. Effects of membrane tension and of asymmetric lipid packing in the bilayer on AMP-induced pore formation also are described. On the basis of these data, we discuss the present state of understanding of the interaction of AMPs with lipid bilayers and future prospects for AMP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moynul Hasan
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Aisenbrey C, Marquette A, Bechinger B. The Mechanisms of Action of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Refined by Novel Concepts from Biophysical Investigations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:33-64. [PMID: 30980352 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Even 30 years after the discovery of magainins, biophysical and structural investigations on how these peptides interact with membranes can still bear surprises and add new interesting detail to how these peptides exert their antimicrobial action. Early on, using oriented solid-state NMR spectroscopy, it was found that the amphipathic helices formed by magainins are active when being oriented parallel to the membrane surface. More recent investigations indicate that this in-planar alignment is also found when PGLa and magainin in combination exert synergistic pore-forming activities, where studies on the mechanism of synergistic interaction are ongoing. In a related manner, the investigation of dimeric antimicrobial peptide sequences has become an interesting topic of research which bears promise to refine our views how antimicrobial action occurs. The molecular shape concept has been introduced to explain the effects of lipids and peptides on membrane morphology, locally and globally, and in particular of cationic amphipathic helices that partition into the membrane interface. This concept has been extended in this review to include more recent ideas on soft membranes that can adapt to external stimuli including membrane-disruptive molecules. In this manner, the lipids can change their shape in the presence of low peptide concentrations, thereby maintaining the bilayer properties. At higher peptide concentrations, phase transitions occur which lead to the formation of pores and membrane lytic processes. In the context of the molecular shape concept, the properties of lipopeptides, including surfactins, are shortly presented, and comparisons with the hydrophobic alamethicin sequence are made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Marquette
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, Strasbourg, France. .,Faculté de chimie, Institut le Bel, Strasbourg, France.
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