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Katawale S, Tank S, Dhaygude H, Holm R, Shah S, Shinde U, Shidhaye S, Aswal V, Kumar S, Nagarsenker M. Impact of formulation parameters on self-assembled liposomes (LeciPlex® III): A detailed investigation. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124147. [PMID: 38657715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the feasibility of fabricating self-assembled liposomes, LeciPlex®, a phospholipid-based vesicular nanocarrier using cationic, anionic, and nonionic stabilizers. The phospholipid investigated was soy phosphatidylcholine and the nano-precipitation method based on solvent diffusion was applied as the fabrication technique of liposomes in this study. The effects of various formulation variables, such as lipid and stabilizer concentration, total solid concentration, and solvent type on the self-assembly of vesicles were studied for physical characterization including particle size analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity, optical transmittance, transmission electron microscopy, and small angle neutron scattering. All three LeciPlex® systems exhibited a direct relationship between particle size and phospholipid concentration. The two categoric variables, solvent, and stabilizer used to prepare LeciPlex® demonstrated a significant effect on particle size for all three LeciPlex® systems. Small angle neutron scattering, and optical transmittance confirmed the formation of micellar systems at a phospholipid: stabilizer ratio of 1:2 and vesicular systems at a ratio of 2:1 for the systems stabilized with anionic and nonionic surfactants. In contrast to this, the LeciPlex® formed with the cationic stabilizer Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), formed vesicles at both ratios. From these investigations, it was clear that the formulation space for LeciPlex® was diversified by the addition of cationic, anionic, and non-ionic stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Katawale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai 400 098, India
| | - Shivali Tank
- Department of Pharmaceutics, VES College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai 400 074, India
| | - Harshali Dhaygude
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai 400 098, India
| | - René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sanket Shah
- Therapeutics Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, A Johnson & Johnson Company, Turnhoutseweg 30 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ujwala Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai 400 098, India
| | - Supriya Shidhaye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, VES College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai 400 074, India
| | - Vinod Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Sugam Kumar
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Mangal Nagarsenker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai 400 098, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, VES College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai 400 074, India.
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2
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Ohtani R, Anegawa Y, Watanabe H, Tajima Y, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N, Kawano K, Yanaka S, Kato K, Nakamura M, Ohba M, Hayami S. Metal Complex Lipids for Fluid–Fluid Phase Separation in Coassembled Phospholipid Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtani
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yuka Anegawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yutaro Tajima
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Saeko Yanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Masaaki Ohba
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
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3
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Ohtani R, Anegawa Y, Watanabe H, Tajima Y, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N, Kawano K, Yanaka S, Kato K, Nakamura M, Ohba M, Hayami S. Metal Complex Lipids for Fluid-Fluid Phase Separation in Coassembled Phospholipid Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13603-13608. [PMID: 33723910 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a fluid-fluid phase separation in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) membranes using a metal complex lipid of type [Mn(L1)] (1; HL1=1-(2-hydroxybenzamide)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-formyl-5-hexadecyloxybenzylideneamino)ethane). Small amount of 1 produces two separated domains in DMPC, whose phase transition temperatures of lipids (Tc ) are both lower than that of the pristine DMPC. Variable temperature fluorescent microscopy for giant-unilamellar vesicles of DMPC/1 hybrids demonstrates that visible phase separations remain in fluid phases up to 37 °C, which is clearly over the Tc of DMPC. This provides a new dimension for the application of metal complex lipids toward controlling lipid distributions in fluid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuka Anegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yutaro Tajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Saeko Yanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ohba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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4
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Puff N, Staneva G, Angelova MI, Seigneuret M. Improved Characterization of Raft-Mimicking Phase-Separation Phenomena in Lipid Bilayers Using Laurdan Fluorescence with Log-Normal Multipeak Analysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4347-4356. [PMID: 32233510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of biomimetic model membrane systems undergoing liquid-ordered (Lo)-liquid-disordered (Ld) phase separation using spectroscopic methods has played an important role in understanding the properties of lipid rafts in plasma membranes. In particular, the membrane-associated fluorescence probe Laurdan has proved to be a very efficient reporter of Lo-Ld phase separation in lipid bilayers using the general polarization (GP) parameter. A limitation of the GP approach is that it monitors only global average packing so that the contribution of each phase remains undetermined. The decomposition of Laurdan emission spectra has been proposed as an additional approach to overcoming this limitation. Here, further developments of this method for the study of Lo-Ld phase separation are described here for Laurdan in sphingomyelin-phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol large unilamellar vesicles. Lipid compositions corresponding to homogeneous Lo or Ld phases as well as undergoing thermally induced Lo-Ld phase separation were investigated. In addition, the occurrence of phase separation was checked by the fluorescence imaging of giant unilamellar vesicles. Decomposition into three log-normal components is used to show that an intermediate energy component is specifically associated with the occurrence of the Lo phase, with a small contribution from this component occurring above the phase-separation temperature being attributable to phase fluctuations. The ratio RX of the relative area of this intermediate-energy peak to that of the low-energy peak is shown to provide a straightforward index of Lo-Ld phase separation as a function of temperature, which is occasionally more sensitive than GP. It is also shown that RX can be used in conjunction with GP to gain further insight into Lo-Ld, the phase-separation processes. This latter feature is illustrated by the influence of the alcohol butanol on the Lo-Ld phase separation in sphingomyelin-phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol bilayers by showing that the effect of the alcohol occurs specifically at the onset of the phase separation, indicating a line tension mechanism. It is proposed that the three components of log-normal decomposition approaching Laurdan emission spectra provide a useful improvement for characterizing Lo-Ld phase-separation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Puff
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, UFR 925 Physique, Paris F-75005, France
- Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7, Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Galya Staneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miglena I Angelova
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, UFR 925 Physique, Paris F-75005, France
- Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7, Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Michel Seigneuret
- Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7, Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, Paris F-75013, France
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5
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Arias JM, Cobos Picot RA, Tuttolomondo ME, Ben Altabef A, Díaz SB. Interaction of N-acetylcysteine with DPPC liposomes at different pH: a physicochemical study. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06167c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a commonly used mucolytic and antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Marcelo Arias
- INQUINOA-CONICET
- Cátedra de Fisicoquímica I
- Instituto de Química Física
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- Química y Farmacia
| | - Rafael A. Cobos Picot
- INQUINOA-CONICET
- Cátedra de Fisicoquímica I
- Instituto de Química Física
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- Química y Farmacia
| | - María Eugenia Tuttolomondo
- INQUINOA-CONICET
- Cátedra de Fisicoquímica I
- Instituto de Química Física
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- Química y Farmacia
| | - Aida Ben Altabef
- INQUINOA-CONICET
- Cátedra de Fisicoquímica I
- Instituto de Química Física
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- Química y Farmacia
| | - Sonia Beatriz Díaz
- INQUINOA-CONICET
- Cátedra de Fisicoquímica I
- Instituto de Química Física
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- Química y Farmacia
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6
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Wölk C, Hause G, Gutowski O, Harvey RD, Brezesinski G. Enhanced chain packing achieved via putative headgroup ion-triplet formation in binary anionic lipid/cationic surfactant mixed monolayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 225:104827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Martins LS, Nomura DA, Duarte EL, Riske KA, Lamy MT, Rozenfeld JHK. Structural characterization of cationic DODAB bilayers containing C24:1 β-glucosylceramide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:643-650. [PMID: 30611744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 5 mol%, 9 mol%, and 16 mol% of C24:1 β-glucosylceramide (βGlcCer) on the structure of cationic DODAB bilayers was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. βGlcCer is completely miscible with DODAB at all fractions tested, since no domains were observed in fluorescence microscopy or ESR spectra. The latter showed that βGlcCer destabilized the gel phase of DODAB bilayers by decreasing the gel phase packing. As a consequence, βGlcCer induced a decrease in the phase transition temperature and cooperativity of DODAB bilayers, as seen in DSC thermograms. ESR spectra also showed that βGlcCer induced an increase in DODAB fluid phase order and/or rigidity. Despite their different structures, a similar effect of loosening the gel phase packing and turning the fluid phase more rigid/organized has also been observed when low molar fractions of cholesterol were incorporated in DODAB bilayers. The structural characterization of mixed membranes made of cationic lipids and glucosylceramides may be important for developing novel immunotherapeutic tools such as vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia S Martins
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Nomura
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro L Duarte
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Lamy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio H K Rozenfeld
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Jiang YW, Guo HY, Chen Z, Yu ZW, Wang Z, Wu FG. In Situ Visualization of Lipid Raft Domains by Fluorescent Glycol Chitosan Derivatives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6739-6745. [PMID: 27276053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are highly ordered small microdomains mainly composed of glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and protein receptors. Optically distinguishing lipid raft domains in cell membranes would greatly facilitate the investigations on the structure and dynamics of raft-related cellular behaviors, such as signal transduction, membrane transport (endocytosis), adhesion, and motility. However, current strategies about the visualization of lipid raft domains usually suffer from the low biocompatibility of the probes, invasive detection, or ex situ observation. At the same time, naturally derived biomacromolecules have been extensively used in biomedical field and their interaction with cells remains a long-standing topic since it is closely related to various fundamental studies and potential applications. Herein, noninvasive visualization of lipid raft domains in model lipid bilayers (supported lipid bilayers and giant unilamellar vesicles) and live cells was successfully realized in situ using fluorescent biomacromolecules: the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled glycol chitosan molecules. We found that the lipid raft domains in model or real membranes could be specifically stained by the FITC-labeled glycol chitosan molecules, which could be attributed to the electrostatic attractive interaction and/or hydrophobic interaction between the probes and the lipid raft domains. Since the FITC-labeled glycol chitosan molecules do not need to completely insert into the lipid bilayer and will not disturb the organization of lipids, they can more accurately visualize the raft domains as compared with other fluorescent dyes that need to be premixed with the various lipid molecules prior to the fabrication of model membranes. Furthermore, the FITC-labeled glycol chitosan molecules were found to be able to resist cellular internalization and could successfully visualize rafts in live cells. The present work provides a new way to achieve the imaging of lipid rafts and also sheds new light on the interaction between biomacromolecules and lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhi-Wu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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9
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Wu FG, Sun HY, Zhou Y, Deng G, Yu ZW. Molecular-level pictures of the phase transitions of saturated and unsaturated phospholipid binary mixtures. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturated and unsaturated lipids change nonsynchronously upon heating-induced phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Gen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Geng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
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10
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Ouyang J, Wang J, Huang X, Gao Y, Bao Y, Wang Y, Yin Q, Hao H. Gel Formation and Phase Transformation during the Crystallization of Valnemulin Hydrogen Tartrate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5031826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ying Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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11
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Wu FG, Sun HY, Zhou Y, Wu RG, Yu ZW. Full picture of the thermotropic phase behavior of cardiolipin bilayer in water: identification of a metastable subgel phase. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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