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Arakawa K, Shimada T, Ishida T, Sato K, Takagi S. Structural Transformation of Azonia[5]helicene Photoproduct via Reaction Field Function of Layered Inorganic Material. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4333-4339. [PMID: 38363642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In an attempt to generalize "on surface synthesis", which has unique potential in the area of organic synthesis, the focus was placed on layered silicates having a highly flat surface. The photoreaction of (±)-13-bromo-6a-azonia[5]helicene (AHHBr) and (±)-2-bromo-13-methyl-6a-azonia[5]helicene (AHBrMe) in solution and within the layers was examined. In the case of AHBrMe, the photoproduct was different from that in solution. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) measurements revealed that the photoproduct obtained within the layers was a benzo-perylene molecule with a completely flat lactone structure (AL). This study is the first example of the successful conversion of a chemical reaction path due to the steric effect of the flat surface of layered silicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Arakawa
- Department of Applied and Pure Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamasaki, Noda-city, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shimada
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-ohsawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tamao Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-ohsawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-Based Society (ReHES), Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-ohsawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Takagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-ohsawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-Based Society (ReHES), Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Mouri E, Kajiwara K, Kawasaki S, Shimizu Y, Bando H, Sakai H, Nakato T. Impacts of negatively charged colloidal clay particles on photoisomerization of both anionic and cationic azobenzene molecules. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10855-10861. [PMID: 35425008 PMCID: PMC8988266 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous clay colloids influence the photoisomerization kinetics of both of the anionic and cationic azobenzene molecules although the guest species has been limited to cationic or polar molecules because of the intrinsic negative electric charges of the clay particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Mouri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
- Strategic Research Unit for Innovative Multiscale Materials, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Kei Kajiwara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Hikaru Bando
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nakato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
- Strategic Research Unit for Innovative Multiscale Materials, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
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Ramakrishnan V, Nabetani Y, Yamamoto D, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Heat trapping in a nano-layered microenvironment: estimation of temperature by thermal sensing molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7201-7209. [PMID: 32141449 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05817f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously found reversible photo-induced expansion and contraction of organic/inorganic clay hybrids, and even sliding of niobate nano-sheets at the macroscopic level of organic/inorganic niobate hybrids, induced by the molecular photo-isomerization of the polyfluoroalkylated azobenzene derivative (C3F-Azo-C6H) intercalated within the interlayer, which is viewed as an artificial muscle model unit. Based on systematic investigations of the steady state photo-isomerization and transient behavior of the reaction, we comprehended that the phenomena is caused by trapping of excess energy liberated during the isomerization, as well as the relaxation processes upon excitation of azobenzene chromophores in the interlayers of the hybrid. In this paper, quantitative estimation of transient 'heat' trapped in various microenvironments has been studied by each co-intercalation of temperature sensing dye molecules - rhodamine B (RhB) or tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) chloride (Rubpy) with C3F-Azo-C6H within clay (SSA) nano-layers. The amount of dye molecules co-intercalated was kept to trace amounts that did not alter the bi-layered structure of the hybrid. The temperature of the microenvironment surrounding the probe molecules was estimated from the emission lifetime analysis. The evidently reduced emission lifetimes in C3F-Azo-C6H/SSA and C3H-Azo-C6H/SSA hybrids in the film state, indicated the elevation of temperature of the microenvironment upon excitation of the chromophores, which demonstrated our previous hypothesis rationalizing that the high reactivity of isomerization in the hybrid film state is caused by heat trapping via multi-step dissipation of the excess energy. With the hybrid of a hydrocarbon analogue (C3H-Azo-C6H), a distinct difference in temperature gradient was found to show the crucial role of the perfluoroalkyl chain of the surfactant that traps the excess energy to retard its dissipation leading to three-dimensional morphological motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Ramakrishnan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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Hassan SZ, Nabetani Y, Matsumoto A, Shiragami T, Tong Z, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Synthesis of a photo-responsive single-walled nanoscroll and its photo-reactivity in a nano-layered microenvironment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21738-21745. [PMID: 31475700 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03835c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A photo-responsive nanoscroll composed of niobate nanosheets and a polyfluoroalkyl azobenzene derivative (C3F-Azo-C6H) is one of the most interesting layered materials because the reversible winding and unwinding motion could be efficiently induced by photo-irradiations. Previously, we have studied a double-walled nanoscroll (DWNS) of niobate that could be synthesized by the intercalation of a cationic polyfluorinated surfactant only into the interlayer I of the layered niobate among the two interlayers, I and II. In this study, we have successfully synthesized another novel photo-responsive single-walled nanoscroll (SWNS) of niobate by a stepwise guest-guest ion-exchange method. All niobate nanosheets that were exfoliated at both interlayers I and II were efficiently converted to nanoscrolls by the intercalation of C3F-Azo-C6H. The synthetic yield has been quantitatively estimated. Though the photo-isomerization reaction of C3F-Azo-C6H was induced in the SWNS, its photo-reactivity was the lowest when compared with those of the nanosheet-stacked film and the DWNS. The photo-reactivity of C3F-Azo-C6H decreased in the order of DWNS > nanosheet-stacked film > SWNS. The different flexibility of the layered miroenvironment might influence the photo-reactivity of C3F-Azo-C6H in the niobate hybrid. The SWNS exhibited a reversible expansion and shrinkage of its interlayer spaces upon photo-irradiation, while the winding and unwinding motion was not observed, contrary to the DWNS. The direction of the expansion and shrinkage of the interlayer of the SWNS was opposite to those of the nanosheet-stacked film and the DWNS. Based on the experimental results, the tilt angle of C3F-Azo-C6H against the nanosheet surface and the matching structures of the top and bottom surfaces of the nanosheet could be the probable key factors that control the photo-reactivity of C3F-Azo-C6H in the layered microenvironment; the morphological changes of the nano hybrids was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Hassan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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Khayyami A, Karppinen M. Reversible Photoswitching Function in Atomic/Molecular-Layer-Deposited ZnO:Azobenzene Superlattice Thin Films. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 30:5904-5911. [PMID: 30319176 PMCID: PMC6179458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report new types of reversibly photoresponsive ZnO:azobenzene superlattice thin films fabricated through atomic/molecular-layer deposition (ALD/MLD) from diethylzinc, water, and 4,4'-azobenzene dicarboxylic acid precursors. In these ultrathin films, crystalline ZnO layers are interspersed with monomolecular photoactive azobenzene dicarboxylate layers. The thickness of the individual ZnO layers is precisely controlled by the number (m) of ALD cycles applied between two subsequent MLD cycles for the azobenzene layers; in our {[(Zn-O) m +(Zn-O2-C-C6H4-N=N-C6H4-C-O2)] n +(Zn-O) m } samples, m ranges from 0 to 240. The photoresponsive behavior of the films is demonstrated with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; all the films are found to be photoreactive upon 360 nm irradiation, the kinetics of the resultant trans-cis photoisomerization somewhat depending on the superlattice structure. The reversibility of the photoisomerization reaction is then confirmed with a subsequent thermal treatment. Our work thus provides proof-of-concept evidence of the suitability of the ALD/MLD technology for the implementation of photoactive moieties such as azobenzene within an inorganic matrix as an attractive new methodology for creating novel light-switchable functional materials.
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Yui T, Takagi K, Inoue H. Microscopic environment and molecular orientation of guest molecules within polyfluorinated surfactant and clay hybrids: Photochemical studies of stilbazolium derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tabor RF, McCoy TM, Hu Y, Wilkinson BL. Physicochemical and Biological Characterisation of Azobenzene-Containing Photoswitchable Surfactants. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rico F. Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas M. McCoy
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yingxue Hu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Brendan L. Wilkinson
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
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Eguchi M, Momotake M, Inoue F, Oshima T, Maeda K, Higuchi M. Inert Layered Silicate Improves the Electrochemical Responses of a Metal Complex Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35498-35503. [PMID: 28933528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A chemically inert, insulating layered silicate (saponite; SP) and an iron(II)-based metallo-supramolecular complex polymer (polyFe) were combined via electrostatic attraction to improve the electrochromic properties of polyFe. Structural characterization indicated that polyFe was intercalated into the SP nanosheets. Interestingly, the redox potential of polyFe was lowered by combining it with SP, and the current was measurable despite the insulating nature of SP. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the decrease in the redox potential observed in the SP-polyFe hybrid was caused by the electrostatic neutralization of the Fe cation in polyFe by the negative charge on SP. Electrochemical analyses indicated that electron transfer occurred through electron hopping across the SP-polyFe hybrid. Control experiments using a metal complex composed of Fe and two 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine ligands (terpyFe) showed that SP contributes to the effective electron hopping. This modulation of the electrochemical properties by the layered silicates could be applied to other electrochemical systems, including hybrids of the redox-active ionic species and ion-exchangeable adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Eguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masako Momotake
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Fumie Inoue
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Oshima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science , Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Yang R, Dong G, Liu Y, Zheng C, Wang D. Synthesis and Characterization of Photoresponsive Supramolecular Gel Formed by a Smart Surfactant. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.161053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ramakrishnan V, Nabetani Y, Yamamoto D, Shimada T, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Trapping of excess energy in a nano-layered microenvironment to promote chemical reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4734-4740. [PMID: 28128823 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nano-layered hybrid compounds composed of a polyfluoroalkyl azobenzene surfactant (abbreviated as C3F-Azo-C6H) and layered inorganic nanosheets undergo three-dimensional morphological changes such as reversible shrinkage and expansion of interlayer spaces, and nanosheet sliding by photo-irradiation. Previously, we have investigated the photoreactivity of C3F-Azo-C6H/clay nano-layered hybrids in various microenvironments and found a remarkable enhancement in the photoreactivity for the cis-trans photo-isomerization reaction (Φcis-trans = 1.9). In this paper, nanosecond and microsecond dynamics of trans-C3F-Azo-C6H and its assembly in various microenvironments have been studied by laser flash photolysis to get deeper insight into the extraordinary reactivity of the molecular assembly in the nano-layered microenvironment. In solution, the molecular trans-C3F-Azo-C6H exhibited only a depletion of the trans-form of azobenzene upon the laser pulse excitation. On the other hand, in the case of the C3F-Azo-C6H/clay hybrid film, the depletion of the trans-form was drastically recovered in three steps on nano- and microsecond timescales. This indicates that the once reacted C3F-Azo-C6H molecule (cis-C3F-Azo-C6H) was reverted back to the trans-form after the laser pulse. It is considered that the excess energy provided by the photo-excitation, which is immediately dissipated to the surrounding media through the intermolecular vibrational modes in solution, is trapped in the nano-layered microenvironment to thermally revert the cis-form back to the trans-form. Conversely, in the case of cis-trans isomerization of the C3F-Azo-C6H/clay hybrid film upon photo-irradiation, the reactivity would be much enhanced by the additional contribution of the thermal excess energy efficiently trapped in the nano-layered microenvironment. As compared with the hydrocarbon analogue (C3H-Azo-C6H), the subsequent recovery was very much enhanced in the C3F-Azo-C6H/clay film. The polyfluoroalkyl part of the surfactant layer plays a key role in the retarded dissipation of the excess energy by photo-excitation, which might be coupled with the three-dimensional morphological motion with efficient isomerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramakrishnan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Y Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. and Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - D Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. and Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - T Shimada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. and Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - H Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. and Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - H Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. and Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Jain A, Achari A, Mothi N, Eswaramoorthy M, George SJ. Shining light on clay-chromophore hybrids: layered templates for accelerated ring closure photo-oxidation. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6334-6340. [PMID: 30090251 PMCID: PMC6054095 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02215k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Templates with specific microenvironments have been long employed to facilitate specialized reactions. From enzymes to metal organic frameworks (MOFs), various systems have exerted their prowess to affect specific chemical reactions. Here we report, for the first time, the acceleration of a ring closure photo-oxidation reaction due to the specific structural constraints provided by layered materials. A stilbene derivative has been used as a prototype reactant and the di-hydrophenanthrene intermediate has been isolated and characterized en route to the complete photo-oxidation. Combining the gathered evidence, a possible mechanism for the chemical transformation has been proposed. Kinetic analysis showed that layered materials help to manipulate the rate of the electrocyclic ring closure and, in turn, accelerate the complete reaction sequence. The structural microenvironment induced by layered materials could be a unique platform to probe and stabilize a plethora of photo-oxidative reactions and intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Jain
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory , New Chemistry Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O. , Bangalore 560064 , India . ;
| | - Amritroop Achari
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Lab , Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O. , Bangalore 560064 , India
| | - Nivin Mothi
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory , New Chemistry Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O. , Bangalore 560064 , India . ;
| | - Muthuswamy Eswaramoorthy
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory , New Chemistry Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O. , Bangalore 560064 , India . ;
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Lab , Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O. , Bangalore 560064 , India
| | - Subi J George
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory , New Chemistry Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O. , Bangalore 560064 , India . ;
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