1
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Govind C, Balanikas E, Sanil G, Gryko DT, Vauthey E. Structural and solvent modulation of symmetry-breaking charge-transfer pathways in molecular triads. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc05419a. [PMID: 39371465 PMCID: PMC11445701 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc05419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Whereas the photoinduced charge-transfer properties of electron donor-acceptor dyads are now well understood, those of symmetric conjugated architectures containing several identical donor-acceptor branches have started to be scrutinised much more recently. Here, we report on our investigation of the charge-transfer dynamics of a series of formally centrosymmetric triads consisting of a quadrupolar dihydropyrrolopyrrole core substituted with two identical diphenylethynyl lateral branches. Using a combination of time-resolved electronic and vibrational spectroscopies, we show that these molecules exhibit rich excited-state dynamics, which includes three different types of symmetry-breaking charge-transfer processes depending on the nature of the end substituents on the core and branches as well as on the solvent: (i) excited-state symmetry breaking within the core; (ii) charge transfer from the core to one of the two branches; (iii) charge transfer between the two branches. This investigation illustrates how the excited-state properties of symmetric conjugated molecules, including the nature and location of the exciton, can be controlled by fine tuning structural as well as environmental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinju Govind
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Balanikas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Gana Sanil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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2
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Singh Z, Chiong JD, Ricardo-Noordberg JF, Kamal S, Majewski MB. Charge separation in a copper(I) donor-chromophore-acceptor assembly for both photoanode and photocathode sensitization. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39258478 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
A copper(I) donor-chromophore-acceptor triad bearing 1,8-napthalenemonoimide as the electron acceptor and triphenylamine as the electron donor was synthesized. Photophysical and electrochemical characterization suggest stepwise photoinduced charge separation upon excitation of the copper(I)-based metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition. Analyses of femtosecond transient absorption data of the triad show that intersystem crossing from the 1MLCT to the 3MLCT state is followed by two electron-transfer steps with time constants of 20 ps and 722 ps yielding a presumed final charge-separated state with a radical cation on the donor and radical anion on the acceptor that has an 18 ns lifetime in acetonitrile. Finally, this triad was anchored onto n-type (ZnO) and p-type (NiO) semiconductor surfaces to construct a photoanode and photocathode respectively. Successful photocurrent generation from both electrodes upon white light illumination confirms the potential utilization of such systems in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujhar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Joseph D Chiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Joseph F Ricardo-Noordberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging Research (LASIR), The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marek B Majewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.
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3
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Mandal S, Daniel C. Ultrafast Excited-State Nonadiabatic Dynamics in Pt(II) Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Assemblies: A Quantum Approach for Optical Control. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3126-3136. [PMID: 38619836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The ultrafast nonadiabatic excited state dynamics of (PTZ-N-benzyl-acetylide) (trans-bis-trimethylphosphine) Pt(II) (acetylide-NDI-bis-methyl) 1, representative of a series of Pt(II) donor-bridge-acceptor assemblies experimentally studied by the Weinstein group, University of Sheffield, is investigated by means of wavepacket propagations based on the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method. On the basis of electronic structure data obtained at the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) level, the subpicosecond decay is simulated by solving an 11 electronic states multimode problem, up to 18 vibrational normal modes, including both spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and vibronic coupling. A careful analysis of the results, within the diabatic representation, provides the key features of the spin-vibronic mechanism at work in this complex, distinguishing between the spin-orbit and vibronically activated ultrafast processes within the excited states manifold. The knowledge of the key active normal modes that promote selectively the population of specific electronic excited states opens a route toward optical control by selectively exciting these modes in order to drive the associated nonadiabatic processes. Relevant simulations, over 2 ps, are proposed to assess the impact of these selective vibrational excitations on the branching ratio between the primary photoproducts, namely, bridge-acceptor charge-transfer (CT) and donor-acceptor charge-separated (CS) electronic states. Whereas the excitation of the localized acetylide bridge C≡C bond stretching does not modify drastically the population of the low-lying electronic states within the first two ps, vibrational excitation of the out-of-plane twisting motion of the N-benzyl group linked to the donor entity favors the population of the 1,3CS states at the expense of the lowest 1,3CT states. This quantum study opens the route to IR optical control experiments based on the specific alteration of vibrational normal modes that activate vibronic couplings between key electronic excited states. However, the presence of critical crossings along the PES channels associated with these normal modes and the role of concurrent SOC driven ultrafast transfers of population should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Mandal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg, UMR-7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg, UMR-7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP 296/R8, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
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4
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Auty AJ, Scattergood PA, Keane T, Cheng T, Wu G, Carson H, Shipp J, Sadler A, Roseveare T, Sazanovich IV, Meijer AJHM, Chekulaev D, Elliot PIP, Towrie M, Weinstein JA. A stronger acceptor decreases the rates of charge transfer: ultrafast dynamics and on/off switching of charge separation in organometallic donor-bridge-acceptor systems. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11417-11428. [PMID: 37886100 PMCID: PMC10599469 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06409j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To unravel the role of driving force and structural changes in directing the photoinduced pathways in donor-bridge-acceptor (DBA) systems, we compared the ultrafast dynamics in novel DBAs which share a phenothiazine (PTZ) electron donor and a Pt(ii) trans-acetylide bridge (-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Pt-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-), but bear different acceptors conjugated into the bridge (naphthalene-diimide, NDI; or naphthalene-monoimide, NAP). The excited state dynamics were elucidated by transient absorption, time-resolved infrared (TRIR, directly following electron density changes on the bridge/acceptor), and broadband fluorescence-upconversion (FLUP, directly following sub-picosecond intersystem crossing) spectroscopies, supported by TDDFT calculations. Direct conjugation of a strong acceptor into the bridge leads to switching of the lowest excited state from the intraligand 3IL state to the desired charge-separated 3CSS state. We observe two surprising effects of an increased strength of the acceptor in NDI vs. NAP: a ca. 70-fold slow-down of the 3CSS formation-(971 ps)-1vs. (14 ps)-1, and a longer lifetime of the 3CSS (5.9 vs. 1 ns); these are attributed to differences in the driving force ΔGet, and to distance dependence. The 100-fold increase in the rate of intersystem crossing-to sub-500 fs-by the stronger acceptor highlights the role of delocalisation across the heavy-atom containing bridge in this process. The close proximity of several excited states allows one to control the yield of 3CSS from ∼100% to 0% by solvent polarity. The new DBAs offer a versatile platform for investigating the role of bridge vibrations as a tool to control excited state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Auty
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | | | - Theo Keane
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Guanzhi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Heather Carson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - James Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Andrew Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Thomas Roseveare
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Laser for Science Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, RCaH, STFC OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
| | - Paul I P Elliot
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Mike Towrie
- Laser for Science Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, RCaH, STFC OX11 0QX UK
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK ,
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5
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Appleby MV, Cowin RA, Ivalo II, Peralta-Arriaga SL, Robertson CC, Bartlett S, Fitzpatrick A, Dent A, Karras G, Diaz-Moreno S, Chekulaev D, Weinstein JA. Ultrafast electronic, infrared, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Cu(I) phosphine diimine complexes. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:391-410. [PMID: 37415486 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to understand the role of the transient bonding in the interplay between the structural and electronic changes in heteroleptic Cu(I) diimine diphosphine complexes. This is an emerging class of photosensitisers which absorb in the red region of the spectrum, whilst retaining a sufficiently long excited state lifetime. Here, the dynamics of these complexes are explored by transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy, which reveal ultrafast intersystem crossing and structural distortion occurring. Two potential mechanisms affecting excited state decay in these complexes involve a transient formation of a solvent adduct, made possible by the opening up of the Cu coordination centre in the excited state due to structural distortion, and by a transient coordination of the O-atom of the phosphine ligand to the copper center. X-ray absorption studies of the ground electronic state have been conducted as a prerequisite for the upcoming X-ray spectroscopy studies which will directly determine structural dynamics. The potential for these complexes to be used in bimolecular applications is confirmed by a significant yield of singlet oxygen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin V Appleby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Rory A Cowin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Iona I Ivalo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | | | - Craig C Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Stuart Bartlett
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Ann Fitzpatrick
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Andrew Dent
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Gabriel Karras
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Sofia Diaz-Moreno
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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6
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Leong TX, Collins BK, Dey Baksi S, Mackin RT, Sribnyi A, Burin AL, Gladysz JA, Rubtsov IV. Tracking Energy Transfer across a Platinum Center. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4915-4930. [PMID: 35881911 PMCID: PMC9358659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Rigid, conjugated alkyne bridges serve as important components
in various transition-metal complexes used for energy conversion,
charge separation, sensing, and molecular electronics. Alkyne stretching
modes have potential for modulating charge separation in donor–bridge–acceptor
compounds. Understanding the rules of energy relaxation and energy
transfer across the metal center in such compounds can help optimize
their electron transfer switching properties. We used relaxation-assisted
two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy to track energy transfer across
metal centers in platinum complexes featuring a triazole-terminated
alkyne ligand of two or six carbons, a perfluorophenyl ligand, and
two tri(p-tolyl)phosphine ligands. Comprehensive
analyses of waiting-time dynamics for numerous cross and diagonal
peaks were performed, focusing on coherent oscillation, energy transfer,
and cooling parameters. These observables augmented with density functional
theory computations of vibrational frequencies and anharmonic force
constants enabled identification of different functional groups of
the compounds. Computations of vibrational relaxation pathways and
mode couplings were performed, and two regimes of intramolecular energy
redistribution are described. One involves energy transfer between
ligands via high-frequency modes; the transfer is efficient only if
the modes involved are delocalized over both ligands. The energy transport
pathways between the ligands are identified. Another regime involves
redistribution via low-frequency delocalized modes, which does not
lead to interligand energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy X Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Brenna K Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Sourajit Dey Baksi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Robert T Mackin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Artem Sribnyi
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Alexander L Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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7
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Weingartz NP, Mara MW, Roy S, Hong J, Chakraborty A, Brown-Xu SE, Phelan BT, Castellano FN, Chen LX. Excited-State Bond Contraction and Charge Migration in a Platinum Dimer Complex Characterized by X-ray and Optical Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8891-8898. [PMID: 34597043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between metal centers in dimeric transition metal complexes (TMCs) play important roles in their excited-state energetics and pathways and, thus, affect their photophysical properties relevant to their applications, for example, photoluminescent materials and photocatalysis. Here, we report electronic and nuclear structural dynamics studies of two photoexcited pyrazolate-bridged [Pt(ppy)(μ-R2pz)]2-type Pt(II) dimers (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, μ-R2pz = 3,5-substituted pyrazolate): [Pt(ppy)(μ-H2pz)]2 (1) and [Pt(NDI-ppy)(μ-Ph2pz)]2 (2, NDI = 1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide), both of which have distinct ground-state Pt-Pt distances. X-ray transient absorption (XTA) spectroscopy at the Pt LIII-edge revealed a new d-orbital vacancy due to the one-electron oxidation of the Pt centers in 1 and 2. However, while a transient Pt-Pt contraction was observed in 2, such an effect was completely absent in 1, demonstrating how the excited states of these complexes are determined by the overlap of the Pt (dz2) orbitals, which is tuned by the steric bulk of the pyrazolate R-groups in the 3- and 5-positions. In tandem with analysis of the Pt-Pt distance structural parameter, we observed photoinduced electron transfer in 2 featuring a covalently linked NDI acceptor on the ppy ligand. The formation and subsequent decay of the NDI radical anion absorption signals were detected upon photoexcitation using optical transient absorption spectroscopy. The NDI radical anion decayed on the same time scale, hundreds of picoseconds, as that of the d-orbital vacancy signal of the oxidized Pt-Pt core observed in the XTA measurements. The data indicated an ultrafast formation of the charge-separated state and subsequent charge recombination to the original Pt(II-II) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Weingartz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael W Mara
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subhangi Roy
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jiyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Samantha E Brown-Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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8
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Abstract
Coordination compounds, characterized by fascinating and tunable electronic properties, are capable of binding easily to proteins, polymers, wires and DNA. Upon irradiation, these molecular systems develop functions finding applications in solar cells, photocatalysis, luminescent and conformational probes, electron transfer triggers and diagnostic or therapeutic tools. The control of these functions is activated by the light wavelength, the metal/ligand cooperation and the environment within the first picoseconds (ps). After a brief summary of the theoretical background, this perspective reviews case studies, from 1st row to 3rd row transition metal complexes, that illustrate how spin-orbit, vibronic coupling and quantum effects drive the photophysics of this class of molecules at the early stage of the photoinduced elementary processes within the fs-ps time scale range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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9
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Larsen CB, Farrow GA, Smith LD, Appleby MV, Chekulaev D, Weinstein JA, Wenger OS. Solvent-Mediated Activation/Deactivation of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer in a Molecular Dyad. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10430-10438. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - George A. Farrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Liam D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Martin V. Appleby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Julia A. Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
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10
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Banziger SD, Li X, Valdiviezo J, Zeller M, Zhang P, Beratan DN, Rubtsov IV, Ren T. Unsymmetrical Bis-Alkynyl Complexes Based on Co(III)(cyclam): Synthesis, Ultrafast Charge Separation, and Analysis. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15487-15497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susannah D. Banziger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jesús Valdiviezo
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Igor V. Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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11
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Haque A, Al-Balushi RA, Al-Busaidi IJ, Khan MS, Raithby PR. Rise of Conjugated Poly-ynes and Poly(Metalla-ynes): From Design Through Synthesis to Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8474-8597. [PMID: 30112905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) constitute an important class of new materials with potential application in various domains of science. The key factors responsible for the diverse usage of these materials is their intriguing and tunable chemical and photophysical properties. This review highlights fascinating advances made in the field of conjugated organic poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) incorporating group 4-11 metals. This includes several important aspects of conjugated poly-ynes viz. synthetic protocols, bonding, electronic structure, nature of luminescence, structure-property relationships, diverse applications, and concluding remarks. Furthermore, we delineated the future directions and challenges in this particular area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rayya A Al-Balushi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
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12
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Archer SA, Keane T, Delor M, Bevon E, Auty AJ, Chekulaev D, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Meijer AJHM, Weinstein JA. Directly Coupled Versus Spectator Linkers on Diimine Pt II Acetylides-Change the Structure, Keep the Function? Chemistry 2017; 23:18239-18251. [PMID: 29029366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modification of light-harvesting units with anchoring groups for surface attachment often compromises light-harnessing properties. Herein, a series of [donor-acceptor-anchor] platinum(II) diimine (bis-)acetylides was developed in order to systematically compare the effect of conjugated versus electronically decoupled modes of attachment of protected anchoring groups on the photophysical properties of light-harvesting units. The first examples of "decoupled" phosphonate diimine PtII complexes are reported, and their properties are compared and contrasted to those of carboxylate analogues studied by a diversity of methods. Ultrafast time-resolved IR and transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that all complexes have a charge-transfer (CT) lowest excited state with lifetimes between 2 and 14 ns. Vibrational signatures and dynamics of CT states were identified; the assignment of electronic states and their vibrational origin was aided by TDDFT calculations. Ultrafast energy redistribution accompanied by structural changes was directly captured in the CT states. A significant difference between the structures of the electronic ground and CT excited states, as well as differences in the structural reorganisation in the complexes bearing directly attached or electronically decoupled anchoring groups, was discovered. This work demonstrates that decoupling of the anchoring group from the light-harvesting core by a saturated spacer is an easy approach to combine surface attachment with high reduction potential and ten times longer lifetime of the CT excited state of the light-absorbing unit, and retain electron-transfer photoreactivity essential for light-harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Theo Keane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.,University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bevon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Alexander J Auty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.,Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Anthony J H M Meijer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Russia
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13
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Delor M, Archer SA, Keane T, Meijer AJHM, Sazanovich IV, Greetham GM, Towrie M, Weinstein JA. Directing the path of light-induced electron transfer at a molecular fork using vibrational excitation. Nat Chem 2017; 9:1099-1104. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Miura T, Fujiwara D, Akiyama K, Horikoshi T, Suzuki S, Kozaki M, Okada K, Ikoma T. Magnetic Control of the Charge-Separated State Lifetime Realized by Covalent Attachment of a Platinum Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:661-665. [PMID: 28085290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of the photogenerated charge-separated (CS) state is studied for a newly synthesized molecular triad, in which the donor (D) dimethoxytriphenylamine, 1,3-bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindolate platinum (BPIPt), and the acceptor (A) naphthaldiimide are linked with a triethynylbenzene unit (BPIPt-DA). Photoexcitation of BPIPt gives rise to generation of a long-lived (∼4 μs) CS state BPIPt-D+A-, of which the lifetime is considerably increased by an applied magnetic field of 270 mT. The positive magnetic field effect (MFE) is in contrast to the negative MFE for the reference DA molecule, which indicates successful switching of the initial spin state of the CS state from singlet to triplet. Simulations of the MFE and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance show that spin-selective charge recombination and spin relaxation are unaffected by attachment of BPIPt. The minimum impact of heavy atom substitution on the electronic and magnetic properties has been realized by the small electronic coupling mediated by the rigid meta-triethynylbenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University , 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Dai Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University , 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kimio Akiyama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takafumi Horikoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University , 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University , 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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15
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Huff GS, Lo WKC, Horvath R, Turner JO, Sun XZ, Weal GR, Davidson HJ, Kennedy ADW, McAdam CJ, Crowley JD, George MW, Gordon KC. Excited States of Triphenylamine-Substituted 2-Pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12238-12253. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Warrick K. C. Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Raphael Horvath
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jack O. Turner
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Geoffrey R. Weal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | | | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael W. George
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Department of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East
Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Archer SA, Keane T, Delor M, Meijer AJHM, Weinstein JA. (13)C or Not (13)C: Selective Synthesis of Asymmetric Carbon-13-Labeled Platinum(II) cis-Acetylides. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8251-3. [PMID: 27504991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric isotopic labeling of parallel and identical electron- or energy-transfer pathways in symmetrical molecular assemblies is an extremely challenging task owing to the inherent lack of isotopic selectivity in conventional synthetic methods. Yet, it would be a highly valuable tool in the study and control of complex light-matter interactions in molecular systems by exclusively and nonintrusively labeling one of otherwise identical reaction pathways, potentially directing charge and energy transport along a chosen path. Here we describe the first selective synthetic route to asymmetrically labeled organometallic compounds, on the example of charge-transfer platinum(II) cis-acetylide complexes. We demonstrate the selective (13)C labeling of one of two acetylide groups. We further show that such isotopic labeling successfully decouples the two ν(C≡C) in the mid-IR region, permitting independent spectroscopic monitoring of two otherwise identical electron-transfer pathways, along the (12)C≡(12)C and (13)C≡(13)C coordinates. Quantum-mechanical mixing leads to intriguing complex features in the vibrational spectra of such species, which we successfully model by full-dimensional anharmonically corrected DFT calculations, despite the large size of these systems. The synthetic route developed and demonstrated herein should lead to a great diversity of asymmetric organometallic complexes inaccessible otherwise, opening up a plethora of opportunities to advance the fundamental understanding and control of light-matter interactions in molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Keane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J H M Meijer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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17
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Scattergood PA, Delor M, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Weinstein JA. Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in supramolecular Pt(ii) donor–bridge–acceptor assemblies: the effect of vibronic coupling. Faraday Discuss 2015; 185:69-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00103j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to major advances in laser technologies, recent investigations of the ultrafast coupling of nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom (vibronic coupling) have revealed that such coupling plays a crucial role in a wide range of photoinduced reactions in condensed phase supramolecular systems. This paper investigates several new donor–bridge–acceptor charge-transfer molecular assemblies built on a trans-Pt(ii) acetylide core. We also investigate how targeted vibrational excitation with low-energy IR light post electronic excitation can perturb vibronic coupling and affect the efficiency of electron transfer (ET) in solution phase. We compare and contrast properties of a range of donor–bridge–acceptor Pt(ii) trans-acetylide assemblies, where IR excitation of bridge vibrations during UV-initiated charge separation in some cases alters the yields of light-induced product states. We show that branching to multiple product states from a transition state with appropriate energetics is the most rigid condition for the type of vibronic control we demonstrate in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
- Central Laser Facility
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- UK
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