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Bejaoui S, Bera PP, Salama F, Lee T. Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy of Anthracene, 9-Methylanthracene, and 2-Methylanthracene in Supersonic Expansion. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2717-2730. [PMID: 36893328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The S0-S1 absorption spectra of anthracene (C14H10), 9-methylanthracene (C15H12), and 2-methylanthracene (C15H12) are measured in the ultraviolet region between 330 and 375 nm (26,666 to 30,303 cm-1) with cavity ring-down spectroscopy in supersonic free-jet expansions of argon. The associated vibronic band systems and their spectroscopic assignments are discussed and compared to previous studies performed using fluorescence excitation and dispersed fluorescence techniques. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study the structures and evaluate the vibrational transitions of the ground and excited states. Time-dependent DFT calculations of the first electronic excited states and Franck-Condon factor calculations were carried out to assist in the assignment of the experimentally measured vibronic bands. The vibronic spectra obtained in absorption agree well with fluorescence excitation spectra in terms of peak positions but exhibit different relative band intensities. We find a very good match between experimentally obtained vibronic line positions and the peak positions of the quantum chemically calculated Franck-Condon excitation lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Bejaoui
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States.,Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Partha P Bera
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States.,Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Farid Salama
- Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Timothy Lee
- Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
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Jacovella U, Rossi C, Romanzin C, Alcaraz C, Thissen R. Structural elucidation of C6H4+· using chemical reaction monitoring: Charge transfer versus bond forming reactions. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100871. [PMID: 34951502 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool but when used on its own, without specific activation of ions, the ion mass is the single observable and the structural information is absent. One way of retrieving this information is by using ion-molecule reactions. We propose a general method to disentangle isomeric structures by combining mass spectrometry, tunable synchrotron light source, and quantum-chemistry calculations. We use reactive chemical monitoring technique, which consists in tracking reactivity changes as a function of photoionization energy i.e. the ionic structure. We illustrate the power of this technique with charge transfer reactions of C6H4+· isomers with allene and propyne and discuss its universal applicability. Furthermore, we emphasize the special reactivity characteristics of distonic ions, where strong charge transfer reactivity but very limited reactivity involving bond formation and following cleavages were observed and attributed to the unconventional ortho -benzyne distonic cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Jacovella
- Université Paris-Saclay, ISMO, Bat. 520, Rue André Rivière, 91405, Orsay, FRANCE
| | - Corentin Rossi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Chimie Physique, FRANCE
| | - Claire Romanzin
- Université Paris-Saclay: Universite Paris-Saclay, Institut Chimie Physique, FRANCE
| | | | - Roland Thissen
- Université Paris-Saclay: Universite Paris-Saclay, Institut Chimie physique, FRANCE
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3
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Wang Y, Wang E, Zhou J, Dorn A, Ren X. Formation of covalently bound C 4H 4 + upon electron-impact ionization of acetylene dimer. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144301. [PMID: 33858144 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the formation mechanisms of covalently bound C4H4 + cations from direct ionization of hydrogen bonded dimers of acetylene molecules through fragment ion and electron coincident momentum spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations. The measurements of momenta and energies of two outgoing electrons and one ion in triple-coincidence allow us to assign the ionization channels associated with different ionic fragments. The measured binding energy spectra show that the formation of C4H4 + can be attributed to the ionization of the outermost 1πu orbital of acetylene. The kinetic energy distributions of the ionic fragments indicate that the C4H4 + ions originate from direct ionization of acetylene dimers while ions resulting from the fragmentation of larger clusters would obtain significantly larger momenta. The formation of C4H4 + through the evaporation mechanism in larger clusters is not identified in the present experiments. The calculated potential energy curves show a potential well for the electronic ground state of (C2H2)2+, supporting that the ionization of (C2H2)2 dimers can form stable C2H2⋅C2H2 +(1πu -1) cations. Further transition state analysis and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal a detailed picture of the formation dynamics. After ionization of (C2H2)2, the system undergoes a significant rearrangement of the structure involving, in particular, C-C bond formation and hydrogen migrations, leading to different C44+ isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Enliang Wang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Alexander Dorn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xueguang Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Panchagnula S, Bouwman J, Rap DB, Castellanos P, Candian A, Mackie C, Banhatti S, Brünken S, Linnartz H, Tielens AGGM. Structural investigation of doubly-dehydrogenated pyrene cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21651-21663. [PMID: 32729589 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The vibrationally resolved spectra of the pyrene cation and doubly-dehydrogenated pyrene cation (C16H10˙+; Py+ and C16H8˙+; ddPy+) are presented. Infrared predissociation spectroscopy is employed to measure the vibrational spectrum of both species using a cryogenically cooled 22-pole ion trap. The spectrum of Py+ allows a detailed comparison with harmonic and anharmonic density functional theory (DFT) calculated normal mode frequencies. The spectrum of ddPy+ is dominated by absorption features from two isomers (4,5-ddPy+ and 1,2-ddPy+) with, at most, minor contributions from other isomers. These findings can be extended to explore the release of hydrogen from interstellar PAH species. Our results suggest that this process favours the loss of adjacent hydrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Panchagnula
- Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Stein T, Bera PP, Lee TJ, Head-Gordon M. Molecular growth upon ionization of van der Waals clusters containing HCCH and HCN is a pathway to prebiotic molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20337-20348. [PMID: 32895691 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The growth mechanisms of organic molecules in an ionizing environment such as the interstellar medium are not completely understood. Here we examine by means of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) computations the possibility of bond formation and molecular growth upon ionization of van der Waals clusters of pure HCN clusters, and mixed clusters of HCN and HCCH, both of which are widespread in the interstellar medium. Ionization of van der Waals clusters can potentially lead to growth in low temperature and low-density environments. Our results show, that upon ionization of the pure HCN clusters, strongly bound stable structures are formed that contain NH bonds, and growth beyond pairwise HCN molecules is seen only in a small percentage of cases. In contrast, mixed clusters, where HCCH is preferentially ionized over HCN, can grow up to 3 or 4 units long with new carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen covalent bonds. Moreover, cyclic molecules formed, such as the radical cation of pyridine, which is a prebiotic molecule. The results presented here are significant as they provide a feasible pathway for molecular growth of small organic molecules containing both carbon and nitrogen in cold and relatively denser environments such as in dense molecular clouds but closer to the photo-dissociation regions, and protoplanetary disks. In the mechanism we propose, first, a neutral van der Waals cluster is formed. Once the cluster is formed it can undergo photoionization which leads to chemical reactivity without any reaction barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Stein
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Partha P Bera
- Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA and Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Timothy J Lee
- Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Sandford SA, Nuevo M, Bera PP, Lee TJ. Prebiotic Astrochemistry and the Formation of Molecules of Astrobiological Interest in Interstellar Clouds and Protostellar Disks. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4616-4659. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Sandford
- NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Michel Nuevo
- NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
- BAER Institute, NASA Research Park, MS 18-4, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Partha P. Bera
- NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
- BAER Institute, NASA Research Park, MS 18-4, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Timothy J. Lee
- NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
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Muller G, Catani KJ, Scholz MS, Jacovella U, Bartlett NI, Bieske EJ. Electronic Spectra of Diacetylene Cations (HC 4H +) Tagged with Ar and N 2. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7228-7236. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giel Muller
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine J. Catani
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael S. Scholz
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ugo Jacovella
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nastasia I. Bartlett
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Evan J. Bieske
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Endo T, Matsuda Y, Moriyama S, Fujii A. Infrared Spectroscopic Study on Trimethyl Amine Radical Cation: Correlation between Proton-Donating Ability and Structural Deformation. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5945-5950. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shohei Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
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Abplanalp MJ, Jones BM, Kaiser RI. Untangling the methane chemistry in interstellar and solar system ices toward ionizing radiation: a combined infrared and reflectron time-of-flight analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5435-5468. [PMID: 28972622 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pure methane (CH4/CD4) ices were exposed to three ionizing radiation sources at 5.5 K under ultrahigh vacuum conditions to compare the complex hydrocarbon spectrum produced across several interstellar environments. These irradiation sources consisted of energetic electrons to simulate secondary electrons formed in the track of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), Lyman α (10.2 eV; 121.6 nm) photons simulated the internal VUV field in a dense cloud, and broadband (112.7-169.8 nm; 11.0-7.3 eV) photons which mimic the interstellar ultra-violet field. The in situ chemical evolution of the ices was monitored via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and during heating via mass spectrometry utilizing a quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electron impact ionization source (EI-QMS) and a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a photoionization source (PI-ReTOF-MS). The FTIR analysis detected six small hydrocarbon products from the three different irradiation sources: propane [C3H8(C3D8)], ethane [C2H6(C2D6)], the ethyl radical [C2H5(C2D5)], ethylene [C2H4(C2D4)], acetylene [C2H2(C2D2)], and the methyl radical [CH3(CD3)]. The sensitive PI-ReTOF-MS analysis identified a complex array of products with different products being detected between experiments with general formulae: CnH2n+2 (n = 4-8), CnH2n (n = 3-9), CnH2n-2 (n = 3-9), CnH2n-4 (n = 4-9), and CnH2n-6 (n = 6-7) from electron irradiation and CnH2n+2 (n = 4-8), CnH2n (n = 3-10), CnH2n-2 (n = 3-11), CnH2n-4 (n = 4-11), CnH2n-6 (n = 5-11), and CnH2n-8 (n = 6-11) from broadband photolysis and Lyman α photolysis. These experiments show that even the simplest hydrocarbon can produce important complex hydrocarbons such as C3H4 and C4H6 isomers. Distinct isomers from these groups have been shown to be important reactants in the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like indene (C9H8) and naphthalene (C10H8) under interstellar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Abplanalp
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, HI 96822, USA.
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Gatchell M, Delaunay R, D'Angelo G, Mika A, Kulyk K, Domaracka A, Rousseau P, Zettergren H, Huber BA, Cederquist H. Ion-induced molecular growth in clusters of small hydrocarbon chains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19665-19672. [PMID: 28503696 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02090b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on studies of collisions between 3 keV Ar+ projectile ions and neutral targets of isolated 1,3-butadiene (C4H6) molecules and cold, loosely bound clusters of these molecules. We identify molecular growth processes within the molecular clusters that appears to be driven by knockout processes and that could result in the formation of (aromatic) ring structures. These types of reactions are not unique to specific projectile ions and target molecules, but will occur whenever atoms or ions with suitable masses and kinetic energies collide with aggregates of matter, such as carbonaceous grains in the interstellar medium or aerosol nanoparticles in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gatchell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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SYNTHESIS OF FORMAMIDE AND RELATED ORGANIC SPECIES IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM VIA CHEMICAL DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3847/0004-637x/826/2/107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sánchez JP, Aguirre NF, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F, Alcamí M. Structure, Ionization, and Fragmentation of Neutral and Positively Charged Hydrogenated Carbon Clusters: CnHmq+ (n = 1–5, m = 1–4, q = 0–3). J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:588-605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando Martín
- Instituto
Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencias (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Alcamí
- Instituto
Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencias (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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A model study of hydrothermal reactions of trigonal dipyramidal Zn5 cluster with two water molecules. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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