1
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Crystal structure of ( Z)-2-( tert-butyl)-5-((5-( tert- butyl)-2 H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)(mesityl)methyl)-1 H-pyrrole, C 26H 34N 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C26H34N2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 14.8062(2) Å, b = 15.8918(2) Å, c = 20.0121(3) Å, V = 4708.79(11) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0548, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1701, T = 296.2 K.
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2
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Crystal structure of 2-phenylethynyl-1,3,6,8-tetramethylBOPHY (BOPHY = bis(difluoroboron)-1,2-bis((1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine), C 22H 20B 2F 4N 4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C22H20B2F4N4, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 9.2506(2) Å, b = 36.1677(13) Å, c = 12.9475(3) Å, V = 4331.9 Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0729, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1992, T = 294.4 K.
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3
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Schrage BR, Nemykin VN, Ziegler CJ. BOSHPY Fluorophores: BODIPY Analogues with Single Atom Controlled Aggregation. Org Lett 2021; 23:5246-5250. [PMID: 34151578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of diiminoisoindoline and iminoxoisoindoline with aminoazoles results in the formation of bidentate chelates that can be considered a semihemiporphyrazine. These chelates react with BF3 to produce fluorescent compounds that are structurally analogous to the BODIPY dyes. These difluoroboron semihemiporphyrazines (BOSHPYs) aggregate, and the type of aggregation (H or J) is determined by a single atom at the periphery of the ligand (O or N). Notably, the imine terminated compounds remain fluorescent upon aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana R Schrage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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4
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He W, Liu Y, Sun S, Ji G, Li X. Crystal structure of 2-bromo-1,3,6,8-tetramethylBOPHY (BOPHY = bis(difluoroboron)-1,2-bis((1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine), C 14H 15B 2BrF 4N 4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C14H15B2BrF4N4, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.970(1) Å, b = 10.049(1) Å, c = 27.847(1) Å, V = 3349.6 Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0697, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1585, T = 296 K.
CCDC no.: 2080820
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng He
- Department of Health Management , Nanyang Medical College , Nanyang , Henan 473061 , P. R. China
| | - Yingfan Liu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface and Interface Science , Zhengzhou 450002 , P. R. China
| | - Saisai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Guangqian Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
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5
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Buyuktemiz M, Kılıç M, Che Y, Zhao J, Dede Y. When Does Fusing Two Rings Not Yield a Larger Ring? The Curious Case of BOPHY. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4547-4556. [PMID: 33656343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Buyuktemiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Kılıç
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Che
- School of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yavuz Dede
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Fresch E, Peruffo N, Trapani M, Cordaro M, Bella G, Castriciano MA, Collini E. The effect of hydrogen bonds on the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of a BODIPY dimer. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084201. [PMID: 33639732 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in the structure, dynamics, and functionality of biological and artificial complex systems is the subject of intense investigation. In this broad context, particular attention has recently been focused on the ultrafast H-bond dependent dynamical properties in the electronic excited state because of their potentially dramatic consequences on the mechanism, dynamics, and efficiency of photochemical reactions and photophysical processes of crucial importance for life and technology. Excited-state H-bond dynamics generally occur on ultrafast time scales of hundreds of femtoseconds or less, making the characterization of associated mechanisms particularly challenging with conventional time-resolved techniques. Here, 2D electronic spectroscopy is exploited to shed light on this still largely unexplored dynamic mechanism. An H-bonded molecular dimer prepared by self-assembly of two boron-dipyrromethene dyes has been specifically designed and synthesized for this aim. The obtained results confirm that upon formation of H-bonds and the dimer, a new ultrafast relaxation channel is activated in the ultrafast dynamics, mediated by the vibrational motions of the hydrogen donor and acceptor groups. This relaxation channel also involves, beyond intra-molecular relaxations, an inter-molecular transfer process. This is particularly significant considering the long distance between the centers of mass of the two molecules. These findings suggest that the design of H-bonded structures is a particularly powerful tool to drive the ultrafast dynamics in complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fresch
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Peruffo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Trapani
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cordaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Castriciano
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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7
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Schrage BR, Nemykin VN, Ziegler CJ. Subbiliazine: A Contracted Phthalocyanine Analog. Org Lett 2021; 23:1076-1080. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Briana R. Schrage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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8
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Bismillah AN, Aprahamian I. Fundamental studies to emerging applications of pyrrole-BF2 (BOPHY) fluorophores. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5631-5649. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the up-and-coming pyrrole-BF2 (BOPHY) fluorophores, with a focus on synthetic procedures, photophysical properties – including structure–property analyses – as well as emerging applications.
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9
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Shamova LI, Zatsikha YV, Nemykin VN. Synthesis pathways for the preparation of the BODIPY analogues: aza-BODIPYs, BOPHYs and some other pyrrole-based acyclic chromophores. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1569-1593. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes the synthesis strategies for the preparation and post-functionalization of aza-BODIPYs, BOPHYs, “half-Pcs”, biliazines, MB-DIPYs, semihemiporphyrazines, BOIMPYs, BOPPYs, BOPYPYs, BOAHYs, and BOAPYs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
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10
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Liu Y, Li X, Sun S, Ji G, Son YA. Crystal structure of 2,7-diiodo-1,3,6,8-tetramethyl-bis(difluoroboron)-1,2-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine, C 14H 14B 2F 4I 2N 4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2019-0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C14H15B2F4I2N4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.5458(7) Å, b = 8.5659(6) Å, c = 8.6089(5) Å, α = 108.189(6)°, β = 110.492(7)°, γ = 98.678(7)°, V = 473.6 Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0334, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0831, T = 296.5 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfan Liu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface and Interface Science , Zhengzhou 450002 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007 , P.R. China
| | - Saisai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007 , P.R. China
| | - Guangqian Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007 , P.R. China
| | - Young-A. Son
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764 , South Korea
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11
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Zatsikha YV, Swedin RK, Healy AT, Goff PC, Didukh NO, Blesener TS, Kayser M, Kovtun YP, Blank DA, Nemykin VN. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electron‐Transfer Properties of Ferrocene–BODIPY–Fullerene Near‐Infrared‐Absorbing Triads: Are Catecholopyrrolidine‐Linked Fullerenes a Good Architecture to Facilitate Electron‐Transfer? Chemistry 2019; 25:8401-8414. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy V. Zatsikha
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth MN 55812 USA
| | - Rachel K. Swedin
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Andrew T. Healy
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Philip C. Goff
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Natalia O. Didukh
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | - Tanner S. Blesener
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Mathew Kayser
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth MN 55812 USA
| | - Yuriy P. Kovtun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | - David A. Blank
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth MN 55812 USA
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12
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Woodford OJ, Ziessel R, Harriman A, Wills C, Alsimaree AA, Knight JG. Optical spectroscopic properties recorded for simple BOPHY dyes in condensed media: The mirror-symmetry factor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 208:57-64. [PMID: 30292151 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The BOPHY structural scaffold provides opportunities for the synthesis of innumerable derivatives with linear geometries and well-controlled π-conjugation pathways. The simpler BOPHY chromophores are highly fluorescent but exhibit poor mirror symmetry between absorption and fluorescence spectra at ambient temperature. In particular, the absorption (and excitation) spectra are broad and appear as two overlapping bands of comparable intensity. In constrained media, such as low-temperature rigid glasses or stretched poly(ethylene) films, mirror symmetry is restored. Analysis of the temperature dependence recorded for simple BOPHY derivatives indicates that the vibronic envelope accompanying the electronic transitions can be well described in terms of low- and medium-frequency modes. Whereas the fluorescence spectral profile is only weakly dependent on temperature, the excitation spectrum is far more affected. The magnitude of the low-frequency mode, and the associated electron-phonon coupling, increase substantially with increasing temperature and is responsible for temperature broadening and distortion of the excitation spectrum in solution. This critical low-frequency vibronic mode is associated with out-of-plane torsional bending of the BOPHY unit. Variable temperature NMR studies failed to provide unequivocal evidence for conformational changes of one of the derivatives over the temperature range 193-353 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen J Woodford
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
| | - Corinne Wills
- NMR Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsimaree
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Julian G Knight
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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13
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Wang L, Pyle JR, Cimatu KA, Chen J. Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectra of Photoexcited YOYO-1 molecules call for additional investigations of their fluorescence quenching mechanism. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018; 367:411-419. [PMID: 30410276 PMCID: PMC6217845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we observed that YOYO-1 immobilized on a glass surface is much brighter when dried (quantum yield 16±4% in the ambient air) or in hexane than in water (quantum yield ~%).YOYO-1 is a typical cyanine dye that has a photo-isomerization reaction upon light illumination. In order to understand this quenching mechanism, we use femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to measure YOYO-1's electron dynamics after excitation directly. By deconvoluting the hot-ground-state absorption and the stimulated emission, the dynamics of electronic relaxation and balance are revealed. The results support the intermolecular charge transfer mechanism better than the intramolecular relaxation mechanism that has been widely believed before. We believe that the first step of the relaxation involves a Dexter charge transfer between the photo-excited YOYO-1 molecule and another guest molecule that is directly bound to the YOYO-1 giving two radicals with opposite signs of charges. The charges are recombined either directly between these two molecules, or both molecules start to rotate and separate from each other. Eventually, the two charges recombined non-radiatively via various pathways. These pathways are reflected on the complicated multi-exponential decay curves of YOYO-1 fluorescence lifetime measurements. This charge transfer mechanism suggests that (1) electrical insulation may help improve the quantum yield of YOYO-1 in polar solutions significantly and (2) a steric hindrance for the intramolecular rotation may have a less significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
| | - Joseph R. Pyle
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
| | - Katherine A. Cimatu
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
| | - Jixin Chen
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
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14
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15
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Yu C, Huang Z, Wang X, Miao W, Wu Q, Wong WY, Hao E, Xiao Y, Jiao L. A Family of Highly Fluorescent and Unsymmetric Bis(BF2) Chromophore Containing Both Pyrrole and N-Heteroarene Derivatives: BOPPY. Org Lett 2018; 20:4462-4466. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Zhenlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Wei Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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16
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Otto JP, Wang L, Pochorovski I, Blau SM, Aspuru-Guzik A, Bao Z, Engel GS, Chiu M. Disentanglement of excited-state dynamics with implications for FRET measurements: two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of a BODIPY-functionalized cavitand. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3694-3703. [PMID: 29780500 PMCID: PMC5935064 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of energy transfer and competing dynamics highlights how conformational changes create issues with lifetime-based FRET measurements.
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is the incoherent transfer of an electronic excitation from a donor fluorophore to a nearby acceptor. FRET has been applied as a probe of local chromophore environments and distances on the nanoscale by extrapolating transfer efficiencies from standard experimental parameters, such as fluorescence intensities or lifetimes. Competition from nonradiative relaxation processes is often assumed to be constant in these extrapolations, but in actuality, this competition depends on the donor and acceptor environments and can, therefore, be affected by conformational changes. To study the effects of nonradiative relaxation on FRET dynamics, we perform two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) on a pair of azaboraindacene (BODIPY) dyes, attached to opposite arms of a resorcin[4]arene cavitand. Temperature-induced switching between two equilibrium conformations, vase at 294 K to kite at 193 K, increases the donor–acceptor distance from 0.5 nm to 3 nm, affecting both FRET efficiency and nonradiative relaxation. By disentangling different dynamics based on lifetimes extracted from a series of 2D spectra, we independently observe nonradiative relaxation, FRET, and residual fluorescence from the donor in both vase to kite conformations. We observe changes in both FRET rate and nonradiative relaxation when the molecule switches from vase to kite, and measure a significantly greater difference in transfer efficiency between conformations than would be determined by standard lifetime-based measurements. These observations show that changes in competing nonradiative processes must be taken into account when highly accurate measurements of FRET efficiency are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Otto
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL 60637 , USA .
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL 60637 , USA .
| | - Igor Pochorovski
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA . ;
| | - Samuel M Blau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA.,Senior Fellow , Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1Z8 , Canada
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA . ;
| | - Gregory S Engel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL 60637 , USA .
| | - Melanie Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA . ;
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17
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Lv X, Li T, Wu Q, Yu C, Jiao L, Hao E. Polybrominated BOPHY Dyes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Properties. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1134-1145. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular
Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tingting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular
Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular
Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular
Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular
Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular
Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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18
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He C, Zhou H, Yang N, Niu N, Hussain E, Li Y, Yu C. A turn-on fluorescent BOPHY probe for Cu2+ ion detection. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03911e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel D–π–A type fluorine–boron compound BOPHY-PTZ was synthesized and employed as a “turn on” fluorescent probe for the sensitive detection of Cu2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua He
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Huipeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Niu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Ejaz Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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19
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Cheng D, Liu X, Xie Y, Lv H, Wang Z, Yang H, Han A, Yang X, Zang L. A Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Cd 2+ Based on Internal Charge Transfer. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112517. [PMID: 29099088 PMCID: PMC5713183 DOI: 10.3390/s17112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on a novel fluorescent sensor 1 for Cd2+ ion based on the fluorophore of tetramethyl substituted bis(difluoroboron)-1,2-bis[(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene]hydrazine (Me4BOPHY), which is modified with an electron donor moiety of N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzenamine. Sensor 1 has absorption and emission in visible region, at 550 nm and 675 nm, respectively. The long wavelength spectral response makes it easier to fabricate the fluorescence detector. The sensor mechanism is based on the tunable internal charge transfer (ICT) transition of molecule 1. Binding of Cd2+ ion quenches the ICT transition, but turns on the π − π transition of the fluorophore, thus enabling ratiometric fluorescence sensing. The limit of detection (LOD) was projected down to 0.77 ppb, which is far below the safety value (3 ppb) set for drinking water by World Health Organization. The sensor also demonstrates a high selectivity towards Cd2+ in comparison to other interferent metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Cheng
- Chemical Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Xingliang Liu
- Chemical Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Yadian Xie
- Chemical Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Haitang Lv
- Chemical Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Zhaoqian Wang
- Chemical Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Chemical Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Aixia Han
- Chemical Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Ling Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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20
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Zatsikha YV, Nemez DB, Davis RL, Singh S, Herbert DE, King AJ, Ziegler CJ, Nemykin VN. Testing the Limits of the BOPHY Platform: Preparation, Characterization, and Theoretical Modeling of BOPHYs and Organometallic BOPHYs with Electron-Withdrawing Groups at β-Pyrrolic and Bridging Positions. Chemistry 2017; 23:14786-14796. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy V. Zatsikha
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Dion B. Nemez
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Rebecca L. Davis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Simarpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Alex J. King
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; University of Minnesota Duluth; Duluth MN 55812 USA
| | | | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
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21
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Woodford O, Harriman A, McFarlane W, Wills C. Dramatic Effect of Solvent on the Rate of Photobleaching of Organic Pyrrole-BF2(BOPHY) Dyes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201600061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen Woodford
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - William McFarlane
- NMR Laboratory, School of Chemistry; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Corinne Wills
- NMR Laboratory, School of Chemistry; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
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22
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Le Guennic B, Scalmani G, Frisch MJ, Laurent AD, Jacquemin D. Investigating the optical properties of BOIMPY dyes using ab initio tools. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:10554-10561. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using a computational approach combining Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) and second-order Coupled Cluster (CC2) approaches, we investigate the spectral properties of a large panel of BOIMPY dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Le Guennic
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- 263 Av. du Général Leclerc
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | | | | | - Adèle D. Laurent
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité
- Synthèse
- Analyse
- Modélisation (CEISAM)
- UMR CNRS no. 6230
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité
- Synthèse
- Analyse
- Modélisation (CEISAM)
- UMR CNRS no. 6230
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23
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Wang J, Wu Q, Yu C, Wei Y, Mu X, Hao E, Jiao L. Aromatic Ring Fused BOPHYs as Stable Red Fluorescent Dyes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11316-11323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yun Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiaolong Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based
Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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24
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Zhou L, Xu D, Gao H, Zhang C, Ni F, Zhao W, Cheng D, Liu X, Han A. β-Furan-Fused bis(Difluoroboron)-1,2-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine Fluorescent Dyes in the Visible Deep-Red Region. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7439-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Chemical
Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Defang Xu
- Key
Lab of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake
Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Huaizhi Gao
- Chemical
Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Chemical
Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Fangfang Ni
- Chemical
Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Chemical
Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Dandan Cheng
- Chemical
Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xingliang Liu
- Chemical
Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Aixia Han
- Chemical
Engineering College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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25
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Chanawanno K, Rhoda HM, Hasheminasab A, Crandall LA, King AJ, Herrick RS, Nemykin VN, Ziegler CJ. Using Hydrazine to Link Ferrocene with Re(CO) 3: A Modular Approach. J Organomet Chem 2016; 818:145-153. [PMID: 28496284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl ferrocene and diacetyl ferrocene both readily react with an excess of hydrazine to afford the corresponding hydrazone compounds. These compounds can then be linked to Re(CO)3 via a metal-mediated Schiff base reaction, resulting in a series of ferrocene-Re(CO)3 conjugates with different stoichiometries. Conjugates with 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 ferrocene: Re(CO)3 ratios can be produced via this "modular" type synthesis approach. Several examples of these conjugates were structurally characterized, and their spectroscopic, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical behaviors were investigated. The electronic structures of these compounds were also probed using DFT and TDDFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah M Rhoda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | | | - Laura A Crandall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
| | - Alexander J King
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Richard S Herrick
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Box C, Worcester, MA 01610- 2395, USA
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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26
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Crandall LA, Rhoda HM, Nemykin VN, Ziegler CJ. Boron templated synthesis of a BODIPY analogue from a phthalocyanine precursor. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of aza(dibenzopyrro)methenes (ADBMs) using aryl boron compounds as templates is described. Compounds (1–3) are structurally related to the BODIPYs and were isolated with terminal imine, oxo, or mixed imine-oxo groups. Compounds 1–3 were investigated for their absorption/emission properties, and were probed by DFT and TDDFT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah M. Rhoda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Minnesota – Duluth 1039 University Drive
- Duluth
- USA
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Minnesota – Duluth 1039 University Drive
- Duluth
- USA
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27
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Rhoda HM, Chanawanno K, King AJ, Zatsikha YV, Ziegler CJ, Nemykin VN. Unusually Strong Long-Distance Metal-Metal Coupling in Bis(ferrocene)-Containing BOPHY: An Introduction to Organometallic BOPHYs. Chemistry 2015; 21:18043-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Huaulmé Q, Mirloup A, Retailleau P, Ziessel R. Synthesis of Highly Functionalized BOPHY Chromophores Displaying Large Stokes Shifts. Org Lett 2015; 17:2246-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Huaulmé
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, Laboratoire de Chimie
Moléculaire et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA), UMR 7515 au CNRS, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Antoine Mirloup
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, Laboratoire de Chimie
Moléculaire et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA), UMR 7515 au CNRS, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, Laboratoire de Chimie
Moléculaire et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA), UMR 7515 au CNRS, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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29
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Barbon SM, Price JT, Yogarajah U, Gilroy JB. Synthesis and characterization of conjugated/cross-conjugated benzene-bridged boron difluoride formazanate dimers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09505k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A study designed to probe the effect of electronic conjugation and cross-conjugation on the optical and electrochemical properties of benzene-bridged boron difluoride formazanate dimers is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Barbon
- Department of Chemistry
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Jacquelyn T. Price
- Department of Chemistry
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Umesh Yogarajah
- Department of Chemistry
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Joe B. Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
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30
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Mirloup A, Huaulmé Q, Leclerc N, Lévêque P, Heiser T, Retailleau P, Ziessel R. Thienyl-BOPHY dyes as promising templates for bulk heterojunction solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14742-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05095b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BOPHY dyes absorbing in the 400–800 nm range give a PCE as high as 4.3% with an EQE higher than 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mirloup
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie
- l'Environnement et la Santé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA)
- UMR 7515 au CNRS
- ECPM
| | - Q. Huaulmé
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie
- l'Environnement et la Santé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA)
- UMR 7515 au CNRS
- ECPM
| | - N. Leclerc
- ICPEES
- Département d'Ingénierie Polymère
- UMR 7515
- ECPM
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02
| | - P. Lévêque
- Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur
- de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube)
- UMR 7357 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS
- 67037 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
| | - T. Heiser
- Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur
- de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube)
- UMR 7357 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS
- 67037 Strasbourg Cedex 02
- France
| | - P. Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN)
- CNRS
- Avenue de la Terrasse
- 91198 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex
- France
| | - R. Ziessel
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie
- l'Environnement et la Santé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Spectroscopies Avancées (ICPEES-LCOSA)
- UMR 7515 au CNRS
- ECPM
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