1
|
Varak P, Sinha A, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and Properties of Nonaromatic meso-fused Heterobenzihomoporphyrin(2.1.1.1)s. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300387. [PMID: 37440606 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene-based tripyrrane has been used as a fused precursor to synthesize three novel examples of nonaromatic meso-fused thia and selenabenzihomoporphyrin(2.1.1.1)s by condensing it with appropriate 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)aryl thiophene or selenophene under acid catalyzed conditions. The meso-fused heterobenzihomoporphyrins contain one fluorene unit, two pyrrole rings and one thiophene/selenophene ring connected via five meso-carbons in the macrocyclic framework. The macrocycles were thoroughly characterized by HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, absorption, cyclic voltammetry and DFT/TD-DFT studies. NMR, absorption, and DFT studies indicated the nonaromatic nature of meso-fused heterobenzihomoporphyrins. The macrocycles displayed one intense band at ∼380 nm along with a shoulder band at 450 nm and a broad band in the region of 590-850 nm which were bathochromically shifted in the monoprotonated derivatives and absorbed prominently in the NIR region with the peak maxima at ∼1035 nm. The electrochemical studies revealed that the macrocycles showed three well-defined oxidations and reductions, and TD-DFT studies corroborated experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Varak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Owai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Avisikta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Owai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shetti VS. Conformationally rigid, π-extended annulated porphyrinoids derived from the naphthobipyrrole motif. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4452-4470. [PMID: 35579080 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00566b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Extension in porphyrinoids can be achieved by fusing additional aromatic rings onto the macrocycle's periphery and such porphyrinoids are referred to as annulated porphyrinoids. Annulated porphyrinoids display contrasting properties in comparison with their non-annulated congeners. While an annulation strategy can create π-extended systems, the simultaneous incorporation of conformational rigidity in such porphyrinoids can ensure that they adopt a planar structure, and the advantages associated with the extended π-network can be leveraged. Hence, while synthesizing such porphyrinoids, judicial selection of the precursor becomes important. The ease of synthesis and the presence of a β-β'-linked o-phenylene bridge qualify 3,8-1,10-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrrolo[3,2-g]indole, commonly known as naphthobipyrrole, to be one such precursor suitable for the synthesis of conformationally rigid annulated porphyrinoids. This field of study has started to bloom only in the last decade and the examples reported so far are confined to the naphtho-versions of porphycenes (isomeric porphyrin), a few members of the aromatic/antiaromatic expanded porphyrinoids, and calix[n]bipyrroles. In view of this, the current review article aims to summarize the up-to-date developments in this area and discusses the synthesis, structure, and properties of the reported naphthobipyrrole-derived annulated porphyrinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendra S Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jana A, Ishida M, Furuta H. Benzo-Tetrathiafulvalene- (BTTF-) Annulated Expanded Porphyrins: Potential Next-Generation Multielectron Reservoirs. Chemistry 2021; 27:4466-4472. [PMID: 33347663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two sterically crowded benzo-tetrathiafulvalene (BTTF)-annulated expanded porphyrins (BTTF7-F and BTTF8) are synthesized. Detailed photophysical investigations reveal their intrinsic intramolecular charge transfer (CT) character, originated from partial electron transfer from electron-rich TTF units to the relatively electron-deficient macrocyclic core. This finding stands in contrast to what was observed in the previously reported Figure-of-eight conformer of BTTF-annulated [28]hexaphyrin (BTTF6), in which a typical π-π* electronic transition from HOMO to LUMO was observed. However, core expansion in BTTF7-F and BTTF8 makes the oligopyrrole macrocyclic cores relatively more electron-deficient, facilitating the effective intramolecular CT process. Comparative electrochemical investigations reveal that the current generated at the oxidative region is directly proportional to the number of TTF units attached to the macrocyclic core. This work demonstrates the control of the intramolecular CT process through incremental addition of TTF units to the macrocyclic core. Facile multielectron electrochemical oxidations of these expanded porphyrins suggest that they behave like potential multielectron reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), NH 207, Nagadenehalli, Doddaballapur Taluk, Bengaluru, 561203, Karnataka, India
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Jiang X, Che G. A tetrathiafulvalene– l-glutamine conjugated derivative as a supramolecular gelator for embedded C 60 and absorbed rhodamine B. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An l-glutamine-containing tetrathiafulvalene gelator could form charge-transfer complex gels in the presence of C60, and also the native gel exhibited excellent absorption properties for the removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Zhixue Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rathi P, Ekta, Kumar S, Banerjee D, Soma VR, Sankar M. Unsymmetrical β-functionalized ‘push–pull’ porphyrins: synthesis and photophysical, electrochemical and nonlinear optical properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3198-3208. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04252k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new family of unsymmetrical β-TPA appended ‘push–pull’ porphyrins has been synthesized in good yield for the first time. They exhibited red shifted broad absorption spectral features with high dipole moments and tunable redox properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Rathi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Ekta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Dipanjan Banerjee
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM)
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad 500046
- India
| | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM)
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad 500046
- India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Alka A, Shetti VS, Ravikanth M. Telluraporphyrinoids: an interesting class of core-modified porphyrinoids. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4444-4459. [PMID: 30775757 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Core-modified porphyrinoids or heteroporphyrinoids are a class of porphyrinoids in which one or more core pyrrole nitrogen atom(s) of the macrocycles are replaced predominantly by group-16 atoms such as O, S, Se, and Te. Telluraporphyrinoids are distinct and interesting from the rest of the chalcogenide atom(s) containing porphyrinoids owing to the larger size of Te and the consequent properties arising from it. The telluraporphyrinoid chemistry is only sporadically investigated and the developments are rather slow compared to the other lighter group-16 atom containing porphyrinoids. This perspective presents a concise overview of the developments that have taken place in the field of telluraporphyrinoid chemistry since its inception and includes various aspects such as the synthesis, structure, reactivity, and properties of tellurium-containing porphyrins and other related porphyrinoids such as vacataporphyrins, carbaporphyrins, calixphyrins, and expanded porphyrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Alka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fukui N, Fujimoto K, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Embedding heteroatoms: an effective approach to create porphyrin-based functional materials. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:13322-13341. [PMID: 28875206 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02815f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of planarized heteroatom(s) onto the porphyrin periphery is an effective approach to create porphyrin-based functional materials. In the last three decades, such an "embedding heteroatom" strategy has been actively explored in order to realize attractive electronic, optical, and electrochemical properties. This review aims to cover a variety of synthetic methodologies that have been developed for the construction of heteroatom-embedded porphyrins. Moreover, we also summarize their structure-property relationships as well as possible applications in various research fields including artificial photosynthesis, molecular engineering, organic electronics, and bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Sarma
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
This review underscores the conformational flexibility of porphyrinoids, a unique class of functional molecules, starting from the smallest triphyrins(1.1.1) via [18]porphyrins(1.1.1.1) and concluding with a variety of expanded porphyrinoids and heteroporphyrinoids, including the enormous [96]tetracosaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0). The specific flexibility of porphyrinoids has been documented as instrumental in the designing or redesigning of macrocyclic frames, particularly in the search for adjustable platforms for coordination or organometallic chemistry, anion binding, or mechanistic switches in molecular devices. A structural prearrangement to coordinate one or more metal ions has been outlined. The coverage of the topic focuses on representative examples of geometry or conformational rearrangements for each selected class of the numerous porphyrinoids accordingly categorized by the number of built-in carbo- or heterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jana A, Ishida M, Park JS, Bähring S, Jeppesen JO, Sessler JL. Tetrathiafulvalene- (TTF-) Derived Oligopyrrolic Macrocycles. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2641-2710. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Jana
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Institute
for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and
Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jung Su Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Sookmyung Womens’s University, Seoul 140-742, South Korea
| | - Steffen Bähring
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jan O. Jeppesen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
- Institute
for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Wang Y, Jin L, Chen T, Yin B. MPTTF-containing tripeptide-based organogels: receptor for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol and multiple stimuli-responsive properties. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:934-945. [PMID: 26563974 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02462e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene-tripeptide conjugates have been synthesized and investigated as new low-molecular mass organogelators. It was found that most of these compounds could immobilize low-polarity solvents readily and the gelation behaviors of these gelators showed a dependence on the amino acid residues. These organogels were thoroughly studied using various techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the cooperative interplay of hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and SS interactions were the main driving force for the formation of the gels. Of all the organogels, the aromatic solvent gels, such as toluene gel, exhibited multiple-stimulus responsiveness towards heating, shaking, chemical redox activity and the presence of anions, thus leading to reversible sol-gel phase transitions. Most interestingly, gelation in the presence of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) in organic solvents could be observed visually with a concomitant color change through donor-acceptor interactions. The strength of the charge-transfer interaction between gelators and TNP was proportional to the incubation time and increasing critical gelation concentration (CGC). The gels could function as efficient absorbents for potential application in removal of crystal violet and rhodamine B dyes from water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xue LJ, Huo P, Li YH, Hou JL, Zhu QY, Dai J. An ionic charge-transfer dyad prepared cost-effectively from a tetrathiafulvalene carboxylate anion and a TMPyP cation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2940-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06141e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of a simple ionic supramolecular system would be a cost-effective way to construct donor–acceptor ensembles and the strong anion–cation interaction can enhance the charge-transfer between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Xue
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Huo
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Le Hou
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Dai
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nemykin VN, Dudkin SV, Fathi-Rasekh M, Spaeth AD, Rhoda HM, Belosludov RV, Barybin MV. Probing Electronic Communications in Heterotrinuclear Fe–Ru–Fe Molecular Wires Formed by Ruthenium(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin and Isocyanoferrocene or 1,1′-Diisocyanoferrocene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10711-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Semyon V. Dudkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Mahtab Fathi-Rasekh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Andrew D. Spaeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Hannah M. Rhoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | | | - Mikhail V. Barybin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| |
Collapse
|