1
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Li L, Wang P, Pei Y. A theoretical study of the monolayer-protected gold cluster Au 317(SR) 110. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5694-5700. [PMID: 35377381 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00114d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significant efforts have been made to uncover the structures of monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters. However, the synthesis, crystallization, and structural analysis of gold nanoclusters with over 300 metal atoms is a grand challenge. In this work, a new gold nanocluster containing 317 gold atoms and 110 thiolate (SH) ligands (referred to as Au317(SH)110) is theoretically studied, which is larger in size than the formerly reported Au279(SR)84 cluster. The stability of the Au317(SH)110 cluster is studied based on calculations of the averaged cluster formation energy (Eave), indicating that Au317(SH)110 has good structural stability and that the SPhCOOH (p-MBA) ligand is a good candidate for stabilizing the cluster. The calculation of density of state and the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations of the optical absorption properties show that Au317(SH)110 is in a metallic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, China.
- Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University, Guangdong Province, 5283311, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, China.
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2
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Omoda T, Takano S, Tsukuda T. Toward Controlling the Electronic Structures of Chemically Modified Superatoms of Gold and Silver. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2001439. [PMID: 32696588 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold/silver clusters protected by organic ligands L, [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z , have gained increasing interest as building units of functional materials because of their novel photophysical and physicochemical properties. The properties of [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z are intimately associated with the quantized electronic structures of the metallic cores, which can be viewed as superatoms from the analogy of naked Au/Ag clusters. Thus, establishment of the correlation between the geometric and electronic structures of the superatomic cores is crucial for rational design and improvement of the properties of [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z . This review article aims to provide a qualitative understanding on how the electronic structures of [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z are affected by geometric structures of the superatomic cores with a focus on three factors: size, shape, and composition, on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The knowledge accumulated here will constitute a basis for the development of ligand-protected Au/Ag clusters as new artificial elements on a nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Omoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
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3
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Liu P, Han W, Zheng M, Li W, Ren J, Tlahuice-Flores A, Xu WW. [Au 7(SR) 7] Ring as a New Type of Protection Ligand in a New Atomic Structure of Au 15(SR) 13 Nanocluster. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5933-5938. [PMID: 34190555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a [Au7(SR)7] ring as a new type of protection ligand in a new atomic structure of Au15(SR)13 nanocluster for the first time based on the ring model developed to understand how interfacial interaction dictates the structures of protection motifs and gold cores in thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters. This new Au15(SR)13 model shows a tetrahedral Au4 core protected by one [Au7(SR)7] ring and two [Au2(SR)3] "staple" motifs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the newly predicted Au15(SR)13 (R = CH3/Ph) has a lower energy of 0.24/0.68 eV than previously proposed isomers. By comparing calculated optical absorption spectra (UV), circular dichroism (CD) spectra, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns with related experimental spectra, the calculated CD spectra of the newly predicted Au15(SR)13 (R = CH3/Ph) cannot reproduce the experimental results, indicating that the newly predicted Au15(SR)13 is a new structure that needs to be confirmed by experiment. In addition, DFT calculations also show that the newly predicted Au15(SR)13 (R = CH3/Ph) exhibits a large HOMO-LUMO gap, suggesting its high chemical stability. The proposition of the [Au7(SR)7] ring as a protection ligand in the newly predicted Au15(SR)13 not only enriches the types of protection ligands in thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters but also further confirms the effectiveness and rationality of the ring model for understanding the interfacial interaction between the protection motifs and gold cores in thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengye Liu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wenhua Han
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengke Zheng
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- College of Energy Engineering; Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830023, China
| | - Junfeng Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Alfredo Tlahuice-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, CICFIM-Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, Mexico
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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4
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Wang X, Wang S, Qian S, Liu N, Dou X, Yuan X. Mechanistic insights into the two-phase synthesis of heteroleptic Au nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:3512-3518. [PMID: 33565545 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic study on the two-phase synthesis of heteroleptic Au nanoclusters (NCs) is reported here. First, the effects of binary ligands on controlling the size of Au NCs were examined: (1) the binary ligands could exhibit an eclectic effect on the size control of Au NCs if the binding affinities of such hetero-ligands with Au are comparable and (2) the binary ligands could exhibit a competitive effect on the size control of Au NCs, and the size of the Au NCs could be determined by the ligand with stronger binding affinity to Au. This finding is interesting and can shed some light on the design of new functional metal NCs. Secondly, the formation mechanism of the heteroleptic Au NCs that originated from the complex precursors was unprecedentedly studied. The complex precursors of the heteroleptic Au NCs were identified to be the predominant hybridized ligand#1-Au(i)-ligand#2 species, which is helpful for understanding the synthetic mechanisms in depth. Moreover, the growth processes of the heteroleptic Au NCs were also monitored, and some fundamental perceptions about the growth pathway and the structures of the Au NCs were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Shuyu Qian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Naiwei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Dou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Xun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China. and Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669
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5
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Sakthivel NA, Shabaninezhad M, Sementa L, Yoon B, Stener M, Whetten RL, Ramakrishna G, Fortunelli A, Landman U, Dass A. The Missing Link: Au191(SPh-tBu)66 Janus Nanoparticle with Molecular and Bulk-Metal-like Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15799-15814. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Masoud Shabaninezhad
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Bokwon Yoon
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste I-34127, Italy
| | - Robert L. Whetten
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, United States
| | - Guda Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | | | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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6
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Li J, Wang P, Pei Y. From Monolayer-Protected Gold Cluster to Monolayer-Protected Gold-Sulfide Cluster: Geometrical and Electronic Structure Evolutions of Au 60S n (SR) 36 ( n = 0-12). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16901-16911. [PMID: 32685859 PMCID: PMC7366352 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate-monolayer-protected gold clusters are usually formulated as AuNSR[Au(I)-SR] x , where AuN and SR[Au(I)-SR] x (x = 0, 1, 2, ...) are the inner gold core and outer protection motifs, respectively. In this work, we theoretically envision a new family of S-atom-doped thiolate-monolayer-protected gold clusters, namely, Au60S n (SR)36 (n = 0-12). A distinct feature of Au60S n (SR)36 nanoclusters (NCs) is that they show a gradual transition from the monolayer-protected metal NC to the SR[Au(I)-(SR)] x oligomer-protected gold-sulfide cluster with the increase of the number of doping S atoms. The possible formation mechanism of the S-atom-doped thiolate-protected gold cluster is investigated, and the size-dependent stability and electronic and optical absorption properties of Au60S n (SR)36 are explored using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that doping of S atom significantly tails the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap and optical absorption properties of thiolate-protected gold cluster, representing a promising way to fabricate new monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
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7
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Lin D, Zheng M, Xu WW. Structural predictions of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters via the redistribution of Au–S “staple” motifs on known cores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16624-16629. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01661f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Four structures of gold nanoclusters were predicted via the redistribution of Au–S motifs on known cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lin
- Department of Physics
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Mengke Zheng
- Department of Physics
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
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8
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Higaki T, Liu C, Morris DJ, He G, Luo T, Sfeir MY, Zhang P, Rosi NL, Jin R. Au
130−
x
Ag
x
Nanoclusters with Non‐Metallicity: A Drum of Silver‐Rich Sites Enclosed in a Marks‐Decahedral Cage of Gold‐Rich Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18798-18802. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - David J. Morris
- Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Guiying He
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Tian‐Yi Luo
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
- Present address: Department of Physics Graduate Center City University of New York New York NY 10016 USA
- Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York NY 10031 USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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9
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Higaki T, Liu C, Morris DJ, He G, Luo T, Sfeir MY, Zhang P, Rosi NL, Jin R. Au
130−
x
Ag
x
Nanoclusters with Non‐Metallicity: A Drum of Silver‐Rich Sites Enclosed in a Marks‐Decahedral Cage of Gold‐Rich Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - David J. Morris
- Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Guiying He
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Tian‐Yi Luo
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
- Present address: Department of Physics Graduate Center City University of New York New York NY 10016 USA
- Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York NY 10031 USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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10
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Wang P, Sun X, Liu X, Xiong L, Ma Z, Wang Y, Pei Y. A revisit to the structure of Au 20(SCH 2CH 2Ph) 16: a cubic nanocrystal-like gold kernel. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10357-10364. [PMID: 29796459 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00995c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Coinage metal clusters stabilized by organic ligands such as phosphine or organothiolate are well known to possess multi-twinned gold cores, and the face-centered-cubic (fcc) metal atom packing is unstable until the cluster size reaches a certain threshold. In this study, we searched for the smallest size gold nanocrystal protected by thiolate ligands by means of the crystal facet cleavage (CFC) method. Starting from the nanocrystal-like Au28(SR)20 cluster, after cleaving two different crystal facets and patching the ligand shells, we obtained five nanocrystal-like Au20(SR)16 isomers. These fcc-structured Au20 clusters were quite different from non-fcc Au20(SPh-tBu)16; the latter's total structure was determined by single X-ray diffraction. By employing dispersion correction density functional theory (DFT-D) calculations and considering ligand effects, we found that fcc-structured Au20(SR)16 isomers had comparable or even lower energies when compared with the non-fcc structure found in Au20(SPh-tBu)16. Furthermore, the calculation of optical absorption spectra based on predicted fcc isomers indicated that the cubic nanocrystal-like isomer structure is a good candidate to understand the structure of the Au20(SCH2CH2Ph)16 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China.
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11
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Wang P, Xiong L, Sun X, Ma Z, Pei Y. Exploring the structure evolution and core/ligand structure patterns of a series of large sized thiolate-protected gold clusters Au 145-3N(SR) 60-2N (N = 1-8): a first principles study. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3918-3929. [PMID: 29423475 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07980j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The atomic structures of many atomically precise nanosized ligand protected gold clusters have been resolved recently. However, the determination of the atomic structures of large sized ligand protected gold clusters containing metal atoms over ∼100 is still a grand challenge. The lack of structural information of these larger sized clusters has greatly hindered the understanding of the structure evolution and structure-property relations of ligand protected gold nanoclusters. In this work, we theoretically studied the structure evolution of a series of large sized Au145-3N(SR)60-2N (N = 1-8) clusters based on an "[Au2@Au(SR)2] fragmentation" pathway starting from a model Au145(SR)60 cluster. Through comprehensively searching the atomic structure of various clusters and evaluating their stabilities by means of first principles calculations, the stabilization mechanism of experimentally reported Au130(SR)50 and Au133(SR)52 clusters is first rationalized. Our studies indicated that Au130(SR)50 and Au133(SR)52 are two critical sized clusters on which the gold cores underwent configuration transitions between decahedral and icosahedral cores. The energy comparisons of various cluster isomer structures indicated that the Au130(SR)50, Au127(SR)48, Au124(SR)46 and Au121(SR)44 clusters favored a decahedral core, while the Au133(SR)52, Au136(SR)54, Au139(SR)56, and Au142(SR)58 clusters preferred icosahedral gold cores. Furthermore, we also find that the cuboctahedral gold core is less stable in the cluster size region between ∼120 and ∼140 gold atoms. The optical absorption properties and relative thermodynamic stabilities of the Au145-3N(SR)60-2N (N = 1-8) clusters are also surveyed by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, China.
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12
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Rambukwella M, Dass A. Synthesis of Au 38(SCH 2CH 2Ph) 24, Au 36(SPh-tBu) 24, and Au 30(S-tBu) 18 Nanomolecules from a Common Precursor Mixture. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10958-10964. [PMID: 28972376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenylethanethiol protected nanomolecules such as Au25, Au38, and Au144 are widely studied by a broad range of scientists in the community, owing primarily to the availability of simple synthetic protocols. However, synthetic methods are not available for other ligands, such as aromatic thiol and bulky ligands, impeding progress. Here we report the facile synthesis of three distinct nanomolecules, Au38(SCH2CH2Ph)24, Au36(SPh-tBu)24, and Au30(S-tBu)18, exclusively, starting from a common Aun(glutathione)m (where n and m are number of gold atoms and glutathiolate ligands) starting material upon reaction with HSCH2CH2Ph, HSPh-tBu, and HStBu, respectively. The systematic synthetic approach involves two steps: (i) synthesis of kinetically controlled Aun(glutathione)m crude nanocluster mixture with 1:4 gold to thiol molar ratio and (ii) thermochemical treatment of the purified nanocluster mixture with excess thiols to obtain thermodynamically stable nanomolecules. Thermochemical reactions with physicochemically different ligands formed highly monodispersed, exclusively three different core-size nanomolecules, suggesting a ligand induced core-size conversion and structural transformation. The purpose of this work is to make available a facile and simple synthetic method for the preparation of Au38(SCH2CH2Ph)24, Au36(SPh-tBu)24, and Au30(S-tBu)18, to nonspecialists and the broader scientific community. The central idea of simple synthetic method was demonstrated with other ligand systems such as cyclopentanethiol (HSC5H9), cyclohexanethiol(HSC6H11), para-methylbenzenethiol(pMBT), 1-pentanethiol(HSC5H11), 1-hexanethiol(HSC6H13), where Au36(SC5H9)24, Au36(SC6H11)24, Au36(pMBT)24, Au38(SC5H11)24, and Au38(SC6H13)24 were obtained, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Rambukwella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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13
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Chakraborty I, Pradeep T. Atomically Precise Clusters of Noble Metals: Emerging Link between Atoms and Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8208-8271. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1305] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST
UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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14
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Xiong L, Peng B, Ma Z, Wang P, Pei Y. A ten-electron (10e) thiolate-protected Au 29(SR) 19 cluster: structure prediction and a 'gold-atom insertion, thiolate-group elimination' mechanism. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2895-2902. [PMID: 28177034 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09612c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The atomic structure of a ten-electron (10e) thiolate-protected gold cluster, denoted as Au29(SR)19, was theoretically predicted. Based on the prediction of the atomic structure of the 10e Au29(SR)19 cluster, we proposed a novel 'gold-atom insertion, thiolate-group elimination' mechanism to understand the structural evolution of the face-centered-cubic (fcc) thiolate-protected gold clusters. The key step of structural evolution from Au28(SR)20 to Au29(SR)19 and then to the Au30(SR)18 cluster, i.e. the growth of triangle-Au3 units in the gold cores, is understood from the first insertion of an exterior Au(0) atom into the ligand shell and then cleavage of μ3-SR groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, P. R. China.
| | - Baoliang Peng
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Nano Chemistry (KLNC), Petrochina, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyun Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, P. R. China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, P. R. China.
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15
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Mori T, Hegmann T. Determining the composition of gold nanoparticles: a compilation of shapes, sizes, and calculations using geometric considerations. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 18:295. [PMID: 27766020 PMCID: PMC5047942 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-016-3587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Size, shape, overall composition, and surface functionality largely determine the properties and applications of metal nanoparticles. Aside from well-defined metal clusters, their composition is often estimated assuming a quasi-spherical shape of the nanoparticle core. With decreasing diameter of the assumed circumscribed sphere, particularly in the range of only a few nanometers, the estimated nanoparticle composition increasingly deviates from the real composition, leading to significant discrepancies between anticipated and experimentally observed composition, properties, and characteristics. We here assembled a compendium of tables, models, and equations for thiol-protected gold nanoparticles that will allow experimental scientists to more accurately estimate the composition of their gold nanoparticles using TEM image analysis data. The estimates obtained from following the routines described here will then serve as a guide for further analytical characterization of as-synthesized gold nanoparticles by other bulk (thermal, structural, chemical, and compositional) and surface characterization techniques. While the tables, models, and equations are dedicated to gold nanoparticles, the composition of other metal nanoparticle cores with face-centered cubic lattices can easily be estimated simply by substituting the value for the radius of the metal atom of interest. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Mori
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001 USA
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Japan
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001 USA
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Alvarez MM, Chen J, Plascencia-Villa G, Black DM, Griffith WP, Garzon IL, José Yacamán M, Demeler B, Whetten RL. Hidden Components in Aqueous "Gold-144" Fractionated by PAGE: High-Resolution Orbitrap ESI-MS Identifies the Gold-102 and Higher All-Aromatic Au-pMBA Cluster Compounds. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:6430-8. [PMID: 27275518 PMCID: PMC6666316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical evidence reveals the resilience and stability of the larger aqueous gold clusters protected with p-mercaptobenzoic acid ligands (pMBA) of composition Aun(pMBA)p or (n, p). The Au144(pMBA)60, (144, 60), or gold-144 aqueous gold cluster is considered special because of its high symmetry, abundance, and icosahedral structure as well as its many potential uses in material and biological sciences. Yet, to this date, direct confirmation of its precise composition and total structure remains elusive. Results presented here from characterization via high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry on an Orbitrap instrument confirm Au102(pMBA)44 at isotopic resolution. Further, what usually appears as a single band for (144, 60) in electrophoresis (PAGE) is shown to also contain the (130, 50), recently determined to have a truncated-decahedral structure, and a (137, 56) component in addition to the dominant (144, 60) compound of chiral-icosahedral structure. This finding is significant in that it reveals the existence of structures never before observed in all-aromatic water-soluble species while pointing out the path toward elucidation of the thermodynamic control of protected gold nanocrystal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos M. Alvarez
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Jenny Chen
- ThermoFisher Scientific 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
| | | | - David M. Black
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Wendell P. Griffith
- RCMI Protein Biomarkers Core. University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, USA
| | - Ignacio L. Garzon
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 México, D. F, México
| | - Miguel José Yacamán
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Biochemistry. University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, 78229
| | - Robert L. Whetten
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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Charchar P, Christofferson AJ, Todorova N, Yarovsky I. Understanding and Designing the Gold-Bio Interface: Insights from Simulations. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2395-418. [PMID: 27007031 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an integral part of many exciting and novel biomedical applications, sparking the urgent need for a thorough understanding of the physicochemical interactions occurring between these inorganic materials, their functional layers, and the biological species they interact with. Computational approaches are instrumental in providing the necessary molecular insight into the structural and dynamic behavior of the Au-bio interface with spatial and temporal resolutions not yet achievable in the laboratory, and are able to facilitate a rational approach to AuNP design for specific applications. A perspective of the current successes and challenges associated with the multiscale computational treatment of Au-bio interfacial systems, from electronic structure calculations to force field methods, is provided to illustrate the links between different approaches and their relationship to experiment and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Charchar
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Nevena Todorova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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Structure and Bonding Patterns in Large Molecular Ligated Metal Clusters. THE CHEMICAL BOND I 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Niihori Y, Kikuchi Y, Kato A, Matsuzaki M, Negishi Y. Understanding Ligand-Exchange Reactions on Thiolate-Protected Gold Clusters by Probing Isomer Distributions Using Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9347-56. [PMID: 26168308 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate-protected gold clusters (Aun(SR)m) have attracted considerable attention as functional nanomaterials in a wide range of fields. A ligand-exchange reaction has long been used to functionalize these clusters. In this study, we separated products from a ligand-exchange reaction of phenylethanethiolate-protected Au24Pd clusters (Au24Pd(SC2H4Ph)18), in which Au25(SR)18 is doped with palladium, into each coordination isomer with high resolution by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. This success has enabled isomer distributions of the products to be quantitatively evaluated. We evaluated quantitatively the isomer distributions of products obtained by the reaction of Au24Pd(SC2H4Ph)18 with thiol, disulfide, or diselenide. The results revealed that the exchange reaction starts to occur preferentially at thiolates that are bound directly to the metal core (thiolates of a core site) in all reactions. Further study on the isomer-separated Au24Pd(SC2H4Ph)17(SC12H25) revealed that clusters vary the coordination isomer distribution in solution by the ligand-exchange reaction between clusters and that control of the coordination isomer distribution of the starting clusters enables control of the coordination isomer distribution of the products generated by ligand-exchange reactions between clusters. Au24Pd(SC2H4Ph)18 used in this study has a similar framework structure to Au25(SR)18, which is one of the most studied compounds in the Aun(SR)m clusters. Knowledge gained in this study is expected to enable further understanding of ligand-exchange reactions on Au25(SR)18 and other Aun(SR)m clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ayano Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Miku Matsuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science , Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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