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Schio L, Alagia M, Richter R, Zhaunerchyk V, Stranges S, Pirani F, Vecchiocattivi F, Parriani M, Falcinelli S. Double Photoionization of Nitrosyl Chloride by Synchrotron Radiation in the 24-70 eV Photon Energy Range. Molecules 2023; 28:5218. [PMID: 37446880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The behavior of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) exposed to ionizing radiation was studied by direct probing valence-shell electrons in temporal coincidence with ions originating from the fragmentation process of the transient ClNO2+. Such a molecular dication was produced by double photoionization with synchrotron radiation in the 24-70 eV photon energy range. The experiment has been conducted at the Elettra Synchrotron Facility of Basovizza (Trieste, Italy) using a light beam linearly polarized with the direction of the polarization vector parallel to the ClNO molecular beam axis. ClNO molecules crossing the photon beam at right angles in the scattering region are generated by effusive expansion and randomly oriented. The threshold energy for the double ionization of ClNO (30.1 ± 0.1 eV) and six dissociation channels producing NO+/Cl+, N+/Cl+, N+/O+, O+/Cl+, ClN+/O+, NO+/Cl2+ ion pairs, with their relative abundance and threshold energies, have been measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schio
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Robert Richter
- Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vitali Zhaunerchyk
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Stranges
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34012 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Vecchiocattivi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Parriani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Falcinelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
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Salen P, Schio L, Richter R, Alagia M, Stranges S, Falcinelli S, Zhaunerchyk V. Electronic state influence on selective bond breaking of core-excited nitrosyl chloride (ClNO). J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124306. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for selective bond breaking of a small molecule was investigated with electron-spectroscopy and electron-ion coincidence experiments on ClNO. The electron spectra were measured upon direct valence photo-ionization and upon resonant core-excitation at the N 1s- and O 1s-edges followed by emission of resonant Auger (RA) electrons. The RA spectra were analyzed with particular emphasis on the assignment of the participator and spectator states. The latter are of special relevance for investigations of how distinct electronic configurations influence selective bond breaking. The electron-ion coincidence measurements provided branching fractions of the produced ion-fragments as a function of electron binding energy. It explicitly demonstrates the influence of the final electronic states created after the photo-ionization and RA decay, on the fragmentation. In particular, we observe a significantly different branching fraction for spectator states compared with participator states. The bonds broken for the spectator states are also found to correlate with the anti-bonding character of the spectator-electron orbital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Salen
- Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
| | - Luca Schio
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Stranges
- Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
| | - Stefano Falcinelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Vitali Zhaunerchyk
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg Department of Physics, Sweden
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Ambroise MA, Dreuw A, Jensen F. Probing Basis Set Requirements for Calculating Core Ionization and Core Excitation Spectra Using Correlated Wave Function Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2832-2842. [PMID: 33900755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the basis set requirements for the accurate calculation of core excitations and core ionizations using correlated wave functions of coupled cluster type and linear response methods for describing the excitation. When a core excitation is described as an energy difference calculated using density functional theory, the basis set can be tailored to provide a balanced description of the reference- and excited-hole states. When the core excitation process is described by coupled cluster linear response methods, however, the basis set requirements are somewhat different. A systematic study of the sensitivity of the result to the basis set parameters suggests that a relatively large set of s- and p-type basis functions in combination with a careful selection of valence and core polarization functions is required. Based on these results, we propose a hierarchical sequence of basis sets, denoted ccX-nZ (n = D, T, Q, 5) for the atoms B-Ne, which are suitable for the calculation of core excitations by the correlated wave function linear response and equation-of-motion methods. The ccX-nZ series provides lower basis set errors for a given cardinal number or number of basis functions than other existing basis sets. For large systems, the ccX-nZ basis sets can be combined with the standard basis sets by placing the ccX-nZ only on the atoms where core excitations are of interest, but the accuracy of such mixed basis sets appears to be system-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien A Ambroise
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Ambroise MA, Jensen F. Probing Basis Set Requirements for Calculating Core Ionization and Core Excitation Spectroscopy by the Δ Self-Consistent-Field Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:325-337. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Salén P, Schio L, Richter R, Alagia M, Stranges S, Zhaunerchyk V. Investigating core-excited states of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) and their break-up dynamics following Auger decay. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:164305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5047262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Salén
- FREIA Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Schio
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5 Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Alagia
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5 Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Stranges
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5 Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Universitá Sapienza, Roma I-00185 Italy
| | - Vitali Zhaunerchyk
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sebastiani B, Giorgini M, Falcinelli S. Chemical Characterization of Lodoicea maldivica Fruit. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28452174 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the attempt to characterize the chemical composition of fruit kernel of Lodoicea maldivica coco nucifera palm (commonly named as 'Coco de mer') by gas chromatographic method. The analysis was performed by HS-SPME and GC/MS techniques to determine volatile aroma, sterol, and fatty acid composition profiles in the internal and external pulp of two distinct coconuts. Although no qualitative differences in flavour composition were observed between the two analysed coconuts and the relative two pulp parts, variations in the abundance levels of the prominent compounds have been recorded. The averaged quantity of total phytosterols, resulting from the two analysed 'Coco de mer' samples, was almost constant in both kernels coconut, being 24.5 μg/g (of dry net matter) for the external, and 26.9 μg/g (of dry net matter) for the internal portion. In both coconuts, the fatty acid pattern composition was characterized by seven saturated acids ranged from C14:0 (myristic) to C20:0 (arachidic) and two monounsaturated acids, the palmitoleic (C16:1, ω7) and the oleic (C18:1, ω9). Palmitic acid (C16:0) was the predominant one with an average contribution of about 49.0%, followed by pentadecanoic 16.5%, stearic (C18:0) 11.6%, and myristic (C14:0) 9.9% acids in all two examined kernel portions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Sebastiani
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Falcinelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125, Perugia, Italy
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The escape of O+ ions from the atmosphere: An explanation of the observed ion density profiles on Mars. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Falcinelli S, Alagia M, Farrar JM, Kalogerakis KS, Pirani F, Richter R, Schio L, Stranges S, Rosi M, Vecchiocattivi F. Angular and energy distributions of fragment ions in dissociative double photoionization of acetylene molecules in the 31.9-50.0 eV photon energy range. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Falcinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - James M. Farrar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | | | - Fernando Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Robert Richter
- Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Schio
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Stranges
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34012 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Vecchiocattivi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
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