1
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Hosseini-Hashemi Z, Eslami Moghadam M, Notash B, Mirzaei M. Structure-bioactivity relationship study on anticancer Pd and Pt complexes with aliphatic glycine derivative ligands. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124408. [PMID: 38723464 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the structure and bioactivity relationship, six Pd(II)/Pt(II) complexes with N-isobutylglycine (L1) and cyclohexylglycine (L2) as N^O amino acid bidentate ligands, 1,10'-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) as N^N donor ligands, and [Pd(L1)(bipy)]NO3 (1), [Pd(L2)(bipy)]NO3 (2), [Pd(L1)(phen)]NO3 (3), [Pd(L2)(phen)]NO3·2H2O (4), [Pt(L1)(phen)]NO3 (5), along with [Pt(L2)(phen)]NO3 (6) were prepared and then characterized. The geometry of each compound was validated by doing a DFT calculation. Furthermore, tests were conducted on the complexes' water solubilities and lipophilicity. All bipy complexes had superior aqueous solubility and less lipophilicity in comparison with phen complexes, as well as complexes containing cyclohexyl-glycine compared to isobutyl-glycine complexes, probably because of the steric effects and polarity of cyclohexylglycine. The in-vitro anticancer activities of these compounds were examined against HCT116, A549, and MCF7 cancerous cell lines. Data revealed that all Pd/Pt complexes demonstrate higher anticancer activity than carboplatin, and complexes 3 and 4 are more cytotoxic than cisplatin against the HCT116 cell line, particularly against MCF7 cancerous cells. In addition, among all compounds, complex 4 has more anticancer ability than oxaliplatin. Due to different solubility and lipophilicity behavior, the accumulation of Pt complexes and clinical Pt drugs in each cancerous cell was investigated. The binding capabilities of these complexes to DNA, as the main target in chemotherapy, occur through minor grooves and intercalate into DNA, which was done using absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Finally, the docking simulation study showed the mode of DNA bindings is in good agreement with the spectral binding data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hosseini-Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | | | - Behrouz Notash
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; Khorasan Science and Technology Park (KSTP), 12(th) km of Mashhad-Quchan Road, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi 9185173911, Iran
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2
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Dietl MC, Maag M, Ber S, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Caligiuri I, Andele PK, Mkhalid IAI, Rizzolio F, Nogara PA, Orian L, Scattolin T, Hashmi ASK. Comparative study of the antiproliferative activity of heterometallic carbene gold(i)-platinum(ii) and gold(i)-palladium(ii) complexes in cancer cell lines. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04585h. [PMID: 39246355 PMCID: PMC11376197 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04585h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The stepwise, one-pot synthesis of heterobimetallic carbene gold(i) platinum(ii) complexes from readily available starting materials is presented. The protecting group free methodology is based on the graduated nucleophilicities of aliphatic and aromatic amines as linkers between both metal centers. This enables the selective, sequential installation of the metal fragments. In addition, the obtained complexes were tested as potential anticancer agents and directly compared to their gold(i) palladium(ii) counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Melina Maag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sophia Ber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2 33081 Aviano Italy
| | - Pacome K Andele
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2 33081 Aviano Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia-Mestre Italy
| | - Ibraheem A I Mkhalid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2 33081 Aviano Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia-Mestre Italy
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul) Av. Leonel de Moura Brizola, 2501 96418-400 Bagé RS Brazil
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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3
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Paderni D, Voccia M, Macedi E, Formica M, Giorgi L, Caporaso L, Fusi V. A combined solid state, solution and DFT study of a dimethyl-cyclen-Pd(II) complex. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:14300-14314. [PMID: 39133309 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
A new palladium(II) complex containing the previously synthesized 4,10-bis[(3-hydroxy-4-pyron-2-yl)methyl]-1,7-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane ligand maltonis was prepared and characterized both in solution and in the solid state. Hirshfeld surface and energy framework analyses were also performed. Because maltonis already showed antineoplastic activity, the complexation of Pd(II), chosen as an alternative to Pt(II), was investigated to study its possible biological activity. UV-vis and NMR studies confirmed the formation and stability of the complex in aqueous solution at physiological pH. X-ray diffraction data revealed a structure where the Pd(II) ion is lodged in the dimethyl-cyclen cavity, with maltol rings facing each other (closed shape) even if they are not involved in the coordination. DFT analysis was performed in order to understand the most stable shape of the complex. In view of evaluating its possible bioactive conformation, the DFT study suggested a slight energetic preference for the closed one. The resulting closed complex was stabilized in the X-ray structure by intermolecular interactions that replace the intramolecular interactions present in the optimized complex. According to the DFT calculated formation energies, notwithstanding its rarity, the Pd(II) complex of maltonis is the thermodynamically preferred one among analogous complexes containing different metal ions (Pt(II), Co(II), and Cu(II)). Finally, to study its possible biological activity, the interaction between the Pd(II) complex of maltonis and nucleosides was evaluated through NMR and DFT calculations, revealing a possible interaction with purines via the maltol moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Paderni
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, via Ca' le Suore 2-4, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Maria Voccia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Eleonora Macedi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, via Ca' le Suore 2-4, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Mauro Formica
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, via Ca' le Suore 2-4, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Luca Giorgi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, via Ca' le Suore 2-4, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vieri Fusi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, via Ca' le Suore 2-4, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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4
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Bortolamiol E, Mauceri M, Piccolo R, Cavarzerani E, Demitri N, Donati C, Gandin V, Brezar SK, Kamensek U, Cemazar M, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F, Visentin F, Scattolin T. Palladium(II)-Indenyl Complexes Bearing N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands as Potent and Selective Metallodrugs toward High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Models. J Med Chem 2024; 67:14414-14431. [PMID: 39119630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized novel Pd(II)-indenyl complexes using various N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, including chelating NHC-picolyl, NHC-thioether, and diNHC ligands, and two monodentate NHCs. Transmetalation reactions between a Pd(II)-indenyl precursor and silver-NHC complexes were generally employed, except for chelating diNHC derivatives, which required direct reaction with bisimidazolium salts and potassium carbonate. Characterization included NMR, HRMS analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In vitro on five ovarian cancer cell lines showed notable cytotoxicity, with IC50 values in the micro- and submicromolar range. Some compounds exhibited intriguing selectivity for cancer cells due to higher tumor cell uptake. Mechanistic studies revealed that monodentate NHCs induced mitochondrial damage while chelating ligands caused DNA damage. One chelating NHC-picolyl ligand showed promising cytotoxicity and selectivity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer models, supporting its consideration for preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bortolamiol
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Matteo Mauceri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rachele Piccolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.), IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.), IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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5
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Joksimović N, Petronijević J, Ćoćić D, Ristić M, Mihajlović K, Janković N, Milović E, Klisurić O, Petrović N, Kosanić M. Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of novel cobalt(II) complexes with β-diketonates: crystal structure determination, BSA binding properties and molecular docking study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:541-553. [PMID: 39120695 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In order to discover a new antibiotic drug with better or similar activity of the already existing drugs, a series of novel cobalt(II) complexes with β-diketonate as ligands is synthesized and tested on four strains of bacteria and four species of fungi. All compounds showed notable antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. More importantly, some cobalt(II) complexes displayed greater activity than ketoconazole. It is important to notice that on the tested strains Mucor mucedo and Penicillium italicum complex 2B showed five times better activity compared to ketoconazole, while complex 2D had two times better activity on Penicillium italicum strain compared to ketoconazole. Moreover, investigations with bovine serum albumin were performed. Investigations showed that the tested complexes have an appropriate affinity for binding to bovine serum albumin. In addition, the molecular docking study was performed to investigate more specifically the sites and binding mode of the tested cobalt(II) complexes with β-diketonate as ligands to bovine serum albumin, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, topoisomerase II DNA gyrase, and cytochrome P450 14 alpha-sterol demethylase. In conclusion, all the results indicated the great prospective of the novel cobalt complexes for some potential clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Joksimović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Petronijević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ćoćić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Ristić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Kristina Mihajlović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Emilija Milović
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera Klisurić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nevena Petrović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Kosanić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
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6
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van Niekerk A, Chakraborty S, Bellis C, Chellan P, Prince S, Mapolie SF. Binuclear palladacycles with ionisable and non-ionisable tethers as anticancer agents. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112608. [PMID: 38761581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The search for novel anticancer agents to replace the current platinum-based treatments remains an ongoing process. Palladacycles have shown excellent promise as demonstrated by our previous work which yielded BTC2, a binuclear palladadycle with a non-ionisable polyethylene glycol (PEG) tether. Here, we explore the importance of the PEG-tether length on the anticancer activity of the binuclear palladacycles by comparing three analogous binuclear palladacycles, BTC2, BTC5 and BTC6, in the oestrogen receptor positive MCF7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. In addition, these are compared to another analogue with an ionisable morpholine tether, BTC7. Potent anticancer activity was revealed through cell viability studies (MTT assays) revealed that while BTC6 showed similar potent anticancer activity as BTC2, it was less toxic towards non-cancerous cell lines. Interestingly, BTC7 and BTCF were less potent than the PEGylated palladacycles but showed significantly improved selectivity towards the triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell death analysis showed that BTC7 and BTCF significantly induced apoptosis in both the cancer cell lines while the PEGylated complexes induced both apoptosis and secondary necrosis. Furthermore, experimental and computational DNA binding studies indicated partial intercalation and groove binding as the modes of action for the PEGylated palladacycles. Similarly, experimental and computational BSA binding studies indicated and specific binding sites in BSA dependent on the nature of the tethers on the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van Niekerk
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa,; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - S Chakraborty
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - C Bellis
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - P Chellan
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - S Prince
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - S F Mapolie
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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7
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Hojorat M, Pineau J, Driver CHS, Esteban-Gómez D, Cordier M, Zeevaart JR, Platas-Iglesias C, Lima LMP, Le Bris N, Tripier R. Relevance of Oxocyclam from Palladium(II) Coordination to Radiopharmaceutical Development. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11884-11896. [PMID: 38861670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive study of the coordination of oxocyclam with palladium(II), including presentation of a novel bifunctional analogue, p-H2N-Bn-oxocyclam, bearing an aniline pendant. The complexation of palladium(II) with oxocyclam was examined by various techniques, including NMR analysis and potentiometric titrations which revealed that the Pd(II) complex can adopt different configurations such as trans-I and trans-III. In addition, oxocyclam forms a thermodynamically stable palladium(II) complex, the stabilization being attributed to the deprotonation of the amide function. The crystal structures of [Pd(H-1oxocyclam)]+ and [Pd(oxocyclam)]2+ were obtained, revealing the structural details previously anticipated, including, in the second case, the presence of the proton on the carbonyl oxygen atom. Additionally, the study explored the redox behavior of the Pd(II)-oxocyclam complex through reduction and oxidation voltammograms at different pH values. Successful 109Pd-labeling of oxocyclam and p-H2N-Bn-oxocyclam at pH 3.5 demonstrated high labeling efficiencies, whatever the species formed. The stability of the radiocomplexes was assessed and moderate transchelation toward EDTA was observed. Overall, oxocyclam displayed favorable properties for Pd(II) coordination and radiolabeling, suggesting its potential as a chelating agent for this metal in palladium-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Hojorat
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Julie Pineau
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Cathryn H S Driver
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Radiochemistry and PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, Pretoria 0240, North West, South Africa
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marie Cordier
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Radiochemistry and PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, Pretoria 0240, North West, South Africa
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luís M P Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Le Bris
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
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8
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Tanwar D, Kaur T, Sudheendranath A, Kumar U, Sharma D. Pd(II) complexes bearing NNS pincer ligands: unveiling potent cytotoxicity against breast and pancreatic cancer. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9798-9811. [PMID: 38787690 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00282b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The continuously increasing rate of breast cancer is one of the major threats to female health worldwide. Recently, palladium complexes have emerged as impressive candidates with effective biocompatibility and anticancer activities. Hence, in the present study, we report a new series of palladium complexes bearing NNS pincer ligands for cytotoxicity studies. The reaction of thiophenol/4-chlorothiophenol/4-methylthiophenol/4-methoxythiophenol with 2-bromo-N-quinolin-8-yl-acetamide in the presence of sodium hydroxide in ethanol at 80 °C gave [C9H6N-NH-C(O)-CH2-S-Ar] [Ar = C6H5 (L1), C6H4Cl-4 (L2), C6H4Me-4 (L3), and C6H4-OMe-4 (L4)]. The corresponding reaction of L1-L4 with Na2PdCl4 in methanol at room temperature for 3 h resulted in complexes [(L1-H)PdCl] (C1), [(L2-H)PdCl] (C2), [(L3-H)PdCl] (C3), and [(L4-H)PdCl] (C4). All new compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic analyses. The structures of complexes C1, C3, and C4 have also been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The cytotoxicities of L1-L4 and C1-C4 have been investigated for breast cancer 4T1 and pancreatic cancer MIA-PaCa-2 cells. The IC50 values for complexes C2 and C3 were observed to be comparable to or higher than those of cisplatin. The stressed morphology and cell death of cancerous cells were successfully observed through cellular morphology analysis and the assessment of cytoskeleton damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Tanwar
- Catalysis and Bioinorganic Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019, India.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
| | - Tashmeen Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India.
| | - Athul Sudheendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Catalysis and Bioinorganic Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019, India.
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India.
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9
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Milanović Ž, Marković Z, Kesić A, Jovanović Stević S, Petrović B, Avdović E. Influence of acid-base equilibrium on interactions of some monofunctional coumarin Pd(II) complexes with biologically relevant nucleophiles-comprehensive kinetic study. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8275-8288. [PMID: 38659318 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This aimed to develop a comprehensive theoretical protocol for examining substitution reaction processes. The researchers used a theoretical quantum-mechanical protocol based on the QM-ORSA approach, which estimates the kinetic parameters of thermodynamically favourable reaction pathways. This theoretical protocol was validated by experimentally investigating substitution mechanisms in two previously synthesised Pd(II) complexes: chlorido-[(3-(1-(2-hydroxypropylamino)ethylidene)chroman-2,4-dione)]palladium(II) (C1) and chlorido-[(3-(1-(2-mercaptoethylamino)-ethylidene)-chroman-2,4dione)]palladium(II) (C2), along with biologically relevant nucleophiles, namely L-cysteine (l-Cys), L-methionine (l-Met), and guanosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP). Reactions were investigated under pseudo-first-order conditions, monitoring nucleophile concentration and temperature changes using stopped-flow UV-vis spectrophotometry. All reactions were conducted under physiological conditions (pH = 7.2) at 37 °C. The reactivity of the studied nucleophiles follows the order: l-Cys > l-Met > 5'-GMP, and the reaction mechanism is associative based on the activation parameters. The experimental and theoretical data showed that C2 is more reactive than C1, confirming that the complexes' structural and electronic properties greatly affect their reactivity with selected nucleophiles. The study's findings have confirmed that the primary interaction occurs with the acid-base species L-Cys, mostly through the involvement of the partially negative sulfur atom (87.2%). On the other hand, C2 has a higher propensity for reacting with L-Cys-, primarily through the partially negative oxygen atom (92.6%). The implementation of this theoretical framework will significantly restrict the utilization of chemical substances, hence facilitating cost reduction and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiko Milanović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute of Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute of Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Natural Science and Mathematics, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Ana Kesić
- University of Kragujevac, Institute of Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snežana Jovanović Stević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Edina Avdović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute of Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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10
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Tonon G, Mauceri M, Cavarzerani E, Piccolo R, Santo C, Demitri N, Orian L, Nogara PA, Rocha JBT, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F, Visentin F, Scattolin T. Unveiling the promising anticancer activity of palladium(II)-aryl complexes bearing diphosphine ligands: a structure-activity relationship analysis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8463-8477. [PMID: 38686752 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00919c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In continuation of our previous works on the cytotoxic properties of organopalladium compounds, in this contribution we describe the first systematic study of the anticancer activity of Pd(II)-aryl complexes. To this end, we have prepared and thoroughly characterized a wide range of palladium derivatives bearing different diphosphine, aryl and halide ligands, developing, when necessary, specific synthetic protocols. Most of the synthesized compounds showed remarkable cytotoxicity towards ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values often comparable to or lower than that of cisplatin. The most promising complexes ([PdI(Ph)(dppe)] and [PdI(p-CH3-Ph)(dppe)]), characterized by a diphosphine ligand with a low bite angle, exhibited, in addition to excellent cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, low activity on normal cells (MRC5 human lung fibroblasts). Specific immunofluorescence tests (cytochrome c and H2AX assays), performed to clarify the possible mechanism of action of this class of organopalladium derivatives, seemed to indicate DNA as the primary cellular target, whereas caspase 3/7 assays proved that the complex [PdI(Ph)(dppe)] was able to promote intrinsic apoptotic cell death. A detailed molecular docking analysis confirmed the importance of a diphosphine ligand with a reduced bite angle to ensure a strong DNA-complex interaction. Finally, one of the most promising complexes was tested towards patient-derived organoids, showing promising ex vivo cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Matteo Mauceri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Rachele Piccolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Claudio Santo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João Batista T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCSvia Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCSvia Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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11
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Ma X, Zhao Y, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Bracho Pozsoni N, Van Hecke K, Scattolin T, Nolan SP. Dinuclear NHC-gold(I)-thiolato and -alkynyl complexes: synthesis, anticancer activity, and catalytic activity in lactonization reactions. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7939-7945. [PMID: 38646683 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel dinuclear NHC-gold-thiolato and -alkynyl complexes bearing aromatic linkers were successfully synthesized by an efficient and simple synthetic route. The catalytic activity of these complexes was tested in a lactonization reaction. The reaction proceeds in high efficiency, in short reaction time and under mild conditions, and is complementary to existing methods. Furthermore, the digold(I)-thiolato derivatives exhibit remarkable cytotoxicity towards several cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Chemical Science and Technology Research Institute, Sinochem Group, 20 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Nestor Bracho Pozsoni
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Prakasha G, Revanasiddappa H, Jayalakshmi B, Borappa S, Siddaiah K, Shivamallu C, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Singh P, Setty PBS, Kollur SP. Co(III), Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes derived from new benzimidazole-based imine ligands: Preparation, structure, antibacterial, HSA binding and DNA interaction studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2024; 565:121981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2024.121981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
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13
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Kirse TM, Maisuls I, Spierling L, Hepp A, Kösters J, Strassert CA. One Dianionic Luminophore with Three Coordination Modes Binding Four Different Metals: Toward Unexpectedly Phosphorescent Transition Metal Complexes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306801. [PMID: 38161218 PMCID: PMC10953592 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This work reports on a battery of coordination compounds featuring a versatile dianionic luminophore adopting three different coordination modes (mono, bi, and tridentate) while chelating Pd(II), Pt(II), Au(III), and Hg(II) centers. An in-depth structural characterization of the ligand precursor (H2 L) and six transition metal complexes ([HLPdCNtBu], [LPtCl], [LPtCNtBu], [LPtCNPhen], [HLHgCl], and [LAuCl]) is presented. The influence of the cations and coordination modes of the luminophore and co-ligands on the photophysical properties (including photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦL ), excited state lifetimes (τ), and average (non-)radiative rate constants) are evaluated at various temperatures in different phases. Five complexes show interesting photophysical properties at room temperature (RT) in solution. Embedment in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K significantly boosts their luminescence by suppressing radiationless deactivation paths. Thus, the Pt(II)-based compounds provide the highest efficiencies, with slight variations upon exchange of the ancillary ligand. In the case of [HLPdCNtBu], both ΦL and τ increase over 30-fold as compared to RT. Furthermore, the Hg(II) complex achieves, for the first time in its class, a ΦL exceeding 60% and millisecond-range lifetimes. This demonstrates that a judicious ligand design can pave the way toward versatile coordination compounds with tunable excited state properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Kirse
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
- CiMiCSoN and CeNTechUniversität MünsterHeisenbergstr. 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
- CiMiCSoN and CeNTechUniversität MünsterHeisenbergstr. 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Leander Spierling
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
- CiMiCSoN and CeNTechUniversität MünsterHeisenbergstr. 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstr. 28/3048149MünsterGermany
- CiMiCSoN and CeNTechUniversität MünsterHeisenbergstr. 1148149MünsterGermany
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14
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Awaji AA, Rizk MA, Alsaiari RA, Alqahtani NF, Al-Qadri FA, Alkorbi AS, Hafez HS, Elshaarawy RFM. Chemotherapeutic Activity of Imidazolium-Supported Pd(II) o-Vanillylidene Diaminocyclohexane Complexes Immobilized in Nanolipid as Inhibitors for HER2/neu and FGFR2/FGF2 Axis Overexpression in Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1711. [PMID: 38139837 PMCID: PMC10747766 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two bis-(imidazolium-vanillylidene)-(R,R)-diaminocyclohexane ligands (H2(VAN)2dach, H2L1,2) and their Pd(II) complexes (PdL1 and PdL2) were successfully synthesized and structurally characterized using microanalytical and spectral methods. Subsequently, to target the development of new effective and safe anti-breast cancer chemotherapeutic agents, these complexes were encapsulated by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to formulate (PdL1LNP and PdL2LNP), which are physicochemically and morphologically characterized. PdL1LNP and PdL2LNP significantly cause DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells, while trastuzumab has a 10% damaging activity. Additionally, the encapsulated Pd1,2LNPs complexes activated the apoptotic mechanisms through the upregulated P53 with p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively. The apoptotic activity may be triggered through the activity mechanism of the Pd1,2LNPs in the inhibitory actions against the FGFR2/FGF2 axis on the gene level with p < 0.001 and the Her2/neu with p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. All these aspects have triggered the activity of the PdL1LNP and PdL2LNP to downregulate TGFβ1 by p < 0.01 for both complexes. In conclusion, LNP-encapsulated Pd(II) complexes can be employed as anti-cancer drugs with additional benefits in regulating the signal mechanisms of the apoptotic mechanisms among breast cancer cells with chemotherapeutic-safe actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeshah A. Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College in Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Moustafa A. Rizk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah 68342, Saudi Arabia or (M.A.R.); (R.A.A.); (F.A.A.-Q.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Raiedhah A. Alsaiari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah 68342, Saudi Arabia or (M.A.R.); (R.A.A.); (F.A.A.-Q.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Norah F. Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatima A. Al-Qadri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah 68342, Saudi Arabia or (M.A.R.); (R.A.A.); (F.A.A.-Q.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Ali S. Alkorbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah 68342, Saudi Arabia or (M.A.R.); (R.A.A.); (F.A.A.-Q.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Hani S. Hafez
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 43533, Egypt
| | - Reda F. M. Elshaarawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 43533, Egypt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Zhou M, Boulos JC, Omer EA, Rudbari HA, Schirmeister T, Micale N, Efferth T. Two palladium (II) complexes derived from halogen-substituted Schiff bases and 2-picolylamine induce parthanatos-type cell death in sensitive and multi-drug resistant CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175980. [PMID: 37567459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of cisplatin and its derivatives in cancer treatment triggered the interest in metal-containing complexes as potential novel anticancer agents. Palladium (II)-based complexes have been synthesized in recent years with promising antitumor activity. Previously, we described the synthesis and cytotoxicity of palladium (II) complexes containing halogen-substituted Schiff bases and 2-picolylamine. Here, we selected two palladium (II) complexes with double chlorine-substitution or double iodine-substitution that displayed the best cytotoxicity in drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells for further biological investigation. Surprisingly, these compounds did not significantly induce apoptotic cell death. This study aims to reveal the major mode of cell death of these two palladium (II) complexes. We performed annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometric mitochondrial membrane potential measurement followed by western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and alkaline single cell electrophoresis (comet assay). J4 and J6 still induced neither apoptosis nor necrosis in both leukemia cell lines. They also insufficiently induced autophagy as evidenced by Beclin and p62 detection in western blotting. Interestingly, J4 and J6 induced a novel mode of cell death (parthanatos) as mainly demonstrated in CCRF-CEM cells by hyper-activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP) and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) using western blotting, flow cytometric measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) by immunofluorescence microscopy, and DNA damage by alkaline single cell electrophoresis (comet assay). AIF translocation was also observed in CEM/ADR5000 cells. Thus, parthanatos was the predominant mode of cell death induced by J4 and J6, which explains the high cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 cells. J4 and J6 may be interesting drug candidates and deserve further investigations to overcome resistance of tumors against apoptosis. This study will promote the design of further novel palladium (II)-based complexes as chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joelle C Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ejlal A Omer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hadi Amiri Rudbari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 1-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Müller VVL, Simpson PV, Peng K, Basu U, Moreth D, Nagel C, Türck S, Oehninger L, Ott I, Schatzschneider U. Taming the Biological Activity of Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes with Triazolato "Protective" Groups: 1H, 77Se Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Crystallographic Model Studies with Selenocysteine to Elucidate Differential Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibition. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16203-16214. [PMID: 37713601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The biological activity of Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes toward three different cancer cell lines as well as inhibition of selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) was modulated in an unexpected way by the introduction of triazolate as a "protective group" to the inner metal coordination sphere using the iClick reaction of [M(N3)(terpy)]PF6 [M = Pd(II) or Pt(II) and terpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine] with an electron-poor alkyne. In a cell proliferation assay using A549, HT-29, and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cell lines, the palladium compound was significantly more potent than the isostructural platinum analogue and exhibited submicromolar activity on the most responsive cell line. This difference was also reflected in the inhibitory efficiency toward TrxR with IC50 values of 0.1 versus 5.4 μM for the Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes, respectively. UV/Vis kinetic studies revealed that the Pt compound binds to selenocysteine faster than to cysteine [k = (22.9 ± 0.2)·10-3 vs (7.1 ± 0.2)·10-3 s-1]. Selective triazolato ligand exchange of the title compounds with cysteine (Hcys) and selenocysteine (Hsec)─but not histidine (His) and 9-ethylguanine (9EtG)─was confirmed by 1H, 77Se, and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structures of three of the four ligand exchange products were obtained, including [Pt(sec)(terpy)]PF6 as the first metal complex of selenocysteine to be structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V L Müller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter V Simpson
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kun Peng
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dominik Moreth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nagel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Türck
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luciano Oehninger
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Tarai SK, Pan A, Biswas P, Bhaduri R, Mandal S, Paul A, Baitalik S, Bhattacharjee A, Moi SC. Anticancer Behavior of Pyrrolidine-Based Palladium(II) Complexes and Biophysical Approach on Their DNA, BSA Binding Activity, Molecular Docking, and DFT Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:10947-10964. [PMID: 37501125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolidine-based Pd(II) complexes, [Pd(AEP)Cl2] (C-1), [Pd(AEP)(OH2)2]2+(C-2), [Pd(AEP)(L-cys)]+ (C-3), [Pd(AEP)(N-ac-L-cys)] (C-4), [Pd(AEP)(GSH)] (C-5), and [Pd(AEP)(DL-meth)]2+ (C-6) (where, AEP = 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine, L-cys = l-cysteine, N-ac-L-cys = N-acetyl-l-cysteine, GSH = glutathione, and DL-meth = dl-methionine), as anticancer drug candidates have been synthesized and characterized. The DNA binding property of the complexes was executed by gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric and viscometric methods, and their interaction with BSA was also investigated by various spectroscopic methodologies. The binding activity of the Pd(II) complexes with DNA and BSA were assessed to evaluate their binding mode and binding constants. Molecular docking was performed to correlate with the experimental results on the interaction of the complexes with DNA and BSA. The changes in the microenvironmental and structural properties of BSA are monitored by a synchronous and 3D fluorescence study. The structural properties were evaluated by DFT and TD-DFT studies. The anticarcinogenic activity of the Pd(II) complexes was assessed by PASS prediction software to corroborate with the experimental results of the anticancer activity of the complexes. The ROS generation in cancer cell lines has been investigated, and the cell death mechanism through apoptosis was confirmed by measuring the protein expression. All these complexes have excellent anticancer activity compared to ancillary ligands. The cancer cell line (HCT116) shows almost similar or better cell inhibition activity when treated with the Pd(II) complexes compared to cisplatin, whereas the adverse effect is minimum on a normal cell (NKE). Both the Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes carrying the same ligands reveal almost similar antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Kumar Tarai
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Angana Pan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Pritam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Rituparna Bhaduri
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Saikat Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Animesh Paul
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Sankar Ch Moi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
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18
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Almeida CM, Nascimento ÉCM, Martins JBL, da Mota THA, de Oliveira DM, Gatto CC. Crystal Design, Antitumor Activity and Molecular Docking of Novel Palladium(II) and Gold(III) Complexes with a Thiosemicarbazone Ligand. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11442. [PMID: 37511201 PMCID: PMC10380234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research describes the synthesis and characterization of 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-cyclohexyl-thiosemicarbazone ligand (HL) and their two metal complexes, [Au(L)Cl][AuCl2] (1) and [Pd(L)Cl]·DMF (2). The molecular structures of the compounds were determined by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Single crystal X-ray diffraction was employed in the structural elucidation of the new complexes. The complexes showed a square planar geometry to the metal center Au(III) and Pd(II), coordinated with a thiosemicarbazone molecule by the NNS-donor system and a chloride ion. Complex (1) also shows the [AuCl2]- counter-ion in the asymmetric unit, and complex (2) has one DMF solvent molecule. These molecules play a key role in the formation of supramolecular structures due to different interactions. Noncovalent interactions were investigated through the 3D Hirshfeld surface by the dnorm function and the 2D fingerprint plots. The biological activity of the compounds was evaluated in vitro against the human glioma U251 cells. The cytotoxicity results revealed great antitumor activity in complex (1) compared with complex (2) and the free ligand. Molecular docking simulations were used to predict interactions and properties with selected proteins and DNA of the synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolane M Almeida
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Crystallography, Brasília 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Érica C M Nascimento
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Computational Chemistry, Brasília 70904-970, Brazil
| | - João B L Martins
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Computational Chemistry, Brasília 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Tales H A da Mota
- University of Brasilia, Faculty UnB Ceilândia, Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human Health, Brasília 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Diêgo M de Oliveira
- University of Brasilia, Faculty UnB Ceilândia, Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human Health, Brasília 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Gatto
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Crystallography, Brasília 70904-970, Brazil
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19
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Schleser SW, Krytovych O, Ziegelmeier T, Groß E, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Weber T, Schobert R, Mueller T. Palladium and Platinum Complexes of the Antimetabolite Fludarabine with Vastly Enhanced Selectivity for Tumour over Non-Malignant Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5173. [PMID: 37446835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purine derivative fludarabine is part of frontline therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). It has shown positive effects on solid tumours such as melanoma, breast, and colon carcinoma in clinical phase I studies. As the treatment of CLL cells with combinations of fludarabine and metal complexes of antitumoural natural products, e.g., illudin M ferrocene, has led to synergistically enhanced apoptosis, in this research study different complexes of fludarabine itself. Four complexes bearing a trans-[Br(PPh3)2]Pt/Pd fragment attached to atom C-8 via formal η1-sigma or η2-carbene bonds were synthesised in two or three steps without protecting polar groups on the arabinose or adenine. The platinum complexes were more cytotoxic than their palladium analogues, with low single-digit micromolar IC50 values against cells of various solid tumour entities, including cisplatin-resistant ones and certain B-cell lymphoma and CLL, presumably due to the ten-fold higher cellular uptake of the platinum complexes. However, the palladium complexes interacted more readily with isolated Calf thymus DNA. Interestingly, the platinum complexes showed vastly greater selectivity for cancer over non-malignant cells when compared with fludarabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian W Schleser
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Krytovych
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegelmeier
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Groß
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Hematology/Oncology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Weber
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Hematology/Oncology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Hematology/Oncology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle, Germany
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20
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Li W, Li S, Zhang Z, Xu G, Man X, Yang F, Liang H. Developing a Multitargeted Anticancer Palladium(II) Agent Based on the His-242 Residue in the IIA Subdomain of Human Serum Albumin. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37321208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To obtain next-generation metal drugs that can overcome the deficiencies of platinum (Pt) drugs and treat cancer more effectively, we proposed to develop a multitargeted palladium (Pd) agent to the tumor microenvironment (TME) based on the specific residue(s) of human serum albumin (HSA). To this end, we optimized a series of Pd(II) 2-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone compounds to obtain a Pd agent (5b) with significant cytotoxicity. The HSA-5b complex structure revealed that 5b bound to the hydrophobic cavity in the HSA IIA subdomain and then His-242 replaced a leaving group (Cl) of 5b, coordinating with the Pd center. The in vivo results showed that the 5b/HSA-5b complex had significant capacity of inhibiting tumor growth, and HSA optimized the therapeutic behavior of 5b. In addition, we confirmed that the 5b/HSA-5b complex inhibited tumor growth through multiple actions on different components of TME: killing cancer cells, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, and activating T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueyu Man
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
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21
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Bulygina LA, Khrushcheva NS, Nelyubina YV, Dorovatovskii P, Strelkova TV, Alexeev MS, Mandegani Z, Nabavizadeh SM, Kuznetsov NY. Bilateral metalloheterocyclic systems based on palladacycle and piperidine-2,4-dione pharmacophores. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2337-2354. [PMID: 36825470 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The design of molecules with effective anticancer properties constructed from both dually active metal complex and organic fragments is a novel trend in medicinal chemistry. This concept suggests the impact of a drug on several biological targets or the synergistic action of both fragments as a single unit. We propose that the combination of a Pd-metallocomplex fragment and an organic unit can be an interesting model for anticancer drug discovery. The first phase in the development of such suggested molecules is the synthesis of bilateral metallosystems containing bioactive 6-substituted piperidin-2-one and a palladated N-phenylpyrazolic fragment. Both fragments were incorporated into one molecule through the fused pyrazole-piperidine-2-one unit followed by pyrazol-directed cyclopalladation of the phenyl-group with Pd(OAc)2. An effect of acceleration of the rate of the palladation by NH-lactam was observed. The synthesized hybrid palladacycles have been characterized and tested for their cytotoxic activity on three cancerous cell lines as PPh3 complexes, revealing structures with potential for further development and structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A Bulygina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalya S Khrushcheva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel Dorovatovskii
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 123182, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Strelkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Michael S Alexeev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. .,A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Zeinab Mandegani
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - S Masoud Nabavizadeh
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Nikolai Yu Kuznetsov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. .,A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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22
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A Second-Generation Palladacycle Architecture Bearing a N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Its Catalytic Behavior in Buchwald–Hartwig Amination Catalysis. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladacyclic architectures have been shown as versatile motifs in cross-coupling reactions. NHC-ligated palladacycles possessing unique electronic and steric properties have helped to stabilize the catalytically active species and provide additional control over reaction selectivity. Here, we report on a synthetic protocol leading to palladacycle complexes using a mild base and an environmentally desirable solvent, with a focus on complexes bearing backbone-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. The readily accessible complexes exhibit high catalytic activity in the Buchwald–Hartwig amination. This is achieved using low catalyst loading and mild reaction conditions in a green solvent.
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23
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Adhikari S, Hussain Sheikh A, Baildya N, Mahmoudi G, Alam Choudhury N, Okpareke O, Sen T, Kumar Verma A, Kumar Singh R, Pathak S, Kaminsky W. Antiproliferative Evaluation and Supramolecular Properties of a Pd(II) complex Harvested from Benzil bis(pyridyl hydrazone) Ligand: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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24
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Sahar YJ, Mohammed H, Al-Abady ZN. Synthesis and characterization of new metal complexes containing azo-indole moiety and anti-leukemia human (HL-60) study of its palladium (II) complex. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
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25
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Denisov MS. Synthesis of 2-Heteroylidene Triterpenoids: Complex Formation with Palladium and in vitro Cytotoxic Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363223010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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26
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Ahmad MG, Chanda K. Ionic liquid coordinated metal-catalyzed organic transformations: A comprehensive review. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Pooyan M, Shariatinia Z, Mohammadpanah F, Gholivand K, Junk PC, Guo Z, Satari M, Noroozi charandabi V. Spectral studies, crystal structures, DNA binding, and anticancer potentials of Pd(II) complexes with iminophosphine ligands: Experimental and computational methods. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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bis[N-(4-Bromophenyl)pyridine-2-carboxamidato]palladium. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the crystal structure of bis[N-(4-bromophenyl)pyridine-2-carboxamidato]Palladium (C1) which was isolated from the reaction of aqueous potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) and N-(4-bromophenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxamide in dichloromethane under nitrogen flow. The structure was characterised by the following spectroscopic methods 1H NMR, FT-IR and X-ray diffraction.
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29
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Albert J, Janabi BA, Granell J, Hashemi MS, Sainz D, Khosa MK, Calvis C, Messeguer R, Baldomà L, Badia J, Font-Bardia M. Synthesis and biological properties of palladium(II) cyclometallated compounds derived from (E)-2-((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenol. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Mandal P, Pratihar JL. Chemistry of azo-imine based palladium complexes: a brief review. REV INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of palladium complexes incorporating numerous multidentate azo-imine ligands, their structural diversity, synthetic protocol, interesting properties such as redox properties, biological activity and their further application on C – N coupling reactions, C – C cross-coupling reactions (e.g., Suzuki and Heck) and catalytic activity on different organic transformations. A detailed literature survey revealed that no brief review has yet been published on the azo-azomethine-based palladium complex. Therefore, the present review incorporates the research undertaken on the synthetic strategies and coordinating behaviour of various azo-imine ligands with palladium metal centre and a few important properties of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Mandal
- Department of Chemistry , Sewnarayan Rameswar Fatepuria College , 742133 , Beldanga , W.B. India
| | - Jahar L. Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry , Krishnath College , 742101 , Berhampore , W.B. India
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31
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Mandal S, Tarai SK, Pan A, Bhaduri R, Biswas P, Moi SC. Cytotoxic effects of Pd(II) complexes on cancer and normal cells: Their DNA & BSA adduct formation and theoretical approaches. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106093. [PMID: 35985157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterisation of a series of Pd(II) complexes: Pd(TEEDA)Cl2, C-1; [Pd(TEEDA)(OH2)2](NO3)2, C-2; [Pd(TEEDA)(l-cys)](NO3)2, C-3; [Pd(TEEDA)(NALC)], C-4; [Pd(TEEDA)(Meth)](NO3)2, C-5; and [Pd(TEEDA)(GSH)], C-6 (where TEEDA = N,N,N'-Triethylenediamine, l-cys = l-cysteine, NALC = N-acetyl-l-cysteine, Meth = dl-methionine and GSH = glutathione). UV-Vis spectroscopic characterisation was supported by TD-DFT theoretical simulation using Gaussian09 software. Different reactivity parameters were calculated from the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO of the complexes by DFT. The bonding mode of the labile ligands was confirmed by NBO analysis. Interaction of the complexes with DNA has been observed by gel electrophoresis experiment. DNA binding nature as well as binding constants of the complexes were measured with UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic method. The binding nature of the complexes with DNA was confirmed by viscometric titration. Interaction of the complexes with BSA was investigated by UV-Vis and fluorescence titration method. Cytotoxic activity of the Pd(II) complexes was evaluated on A549 (lung carcinoma epithelial cells), HCT116(Colorectal Carcinoma) and HEK293 (Human embryonic kidney cells) cell lines. The ROS generation in the presence of the complexes was tested both on cancer cell lines A549 and HCT116 as well as human normal cell HEK293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarup Kumar Tarai
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Angana Pan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Rituparna Bhaduri
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Sankar Chandra Moi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India.
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32
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Bíró L, Ozsváth A, Kapitány R, Buglyó P. Pd(II) Binding Strength of a Novel Ambidentate Dipeptide-Hydroxypyridinonate Ligand: A Solution Equilibrium Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144667. [PMID: 35889540 PMCID: PMC9324670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel ambidentate dipeptide conjugate (H(L1)) containing N-donor atoms of the peptide part and an (O,O) chelate at the hydroxypyridinone (HP) ring is synthesized and characterized. It is hoped that this chelating ligand can be useful to obtain multitargeted Co(III)/Pt(II) dinuclear complexes with anticancer potential. The Pd(II) (as a Pt(II) model but with faster ligand exchange reactions) binding strength of the ligand was studied in an aqueous solution with the combined use of pH-potentiometry and NMR. In an equimolar solution, (L1)− was found to bind Pd(II) via the terminal amino and increasing number of peptide nitrogens of the peptide backbone over a wide pH range. At a 2:1 Pd(II) to ligand ratio, the presence of [Pd2H–x(L1)] (x = 1–4) species, with high stability and with the coordination of the (O,O) chelating set of the ligand, was detected. The reaction of H(L1) with [Co(tren)]3+ (tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine) indicated the exclusive binding of (L1)− via its (O,O) donor atoms to the metal unit, while treatment of the resulting Co-complex with Pd(II) afforded the formation of a Co/Pd heterobimetallic complex in solution with an (NH2, Namide) coordination of Pd(II). Shortening the peptide backbone in H(L1) by one peptide unit compared to the structurally similar ambidentate chelator consisting of three peptide bonds resulted in the slightly more favorable formation of the N-coordinated Pd(II) species, allowing the tailoring of the coordination properties.
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Pineau J, Lima LMP, Platas‐Iglesias C, Zeevaart JR, Driver CHS, Le Bris N, Tripier R. Relevance of Palladium to Radiopharmaceutical Development Considering Enhanced Coordination Properties of TE1PA. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200942. [PMID: 35560962 PMCID: PMC9401000 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The limited use of palladium‐103 and ‐109 radionuclides for molecular radiotherapy is surely due to the lack of appropriate ligands capable of fulfilling all criteria required for application in nuclear medicine. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of these complexes in solution remain difficult to establish. The challenge is compounded when considering that radiolabeling of compounds for translation to clinical trials requires fast complexation. Thus, the coordination of Pd(II) and 103/109Pd‐nuclides is a huge challenge in terms of molecular design and physicochemical characterization. Herein, we report a comprehensive study highlighting TE1PA, a monopicolinate cyclam – already established in nuclear imaging with 64Cu‐PET (positron emission tomography) imaging tracers – as a highly relevant chelator for natural Pd and subsequently 109Pd‐nuclide. The structural, thermodynamic, kinetic and radiolabeling studies of Pd(II) with TE1PA, as well as the comparison of this complex with three structurally related derivatives, support palladium‐TE1PA radiopharmaceuticals as leading candidates for targeted nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pineau
- Univ Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu 29238 Brest France) E-mail: s
| | - Luís M. P. Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Carlos Platas‐Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña San Vicente de Elviña 15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Radiochemistry and PreClinical Imaging Facility Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba North West 0240 South Africa
| | - Cathryn H. S. Driver
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Radiochemistry and PreClinical Imaging Facility Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba North West 0240 South Africa
| | - Nathalie Le Bris
- Univ Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu 29238 Brest France) E-mail: s
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu 29238 Brest France) E-mail: s
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35
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Ojima K, Kakegawa W, Yamasaki T, Miura Y, Itoh M, Michibata Y, Kubota R, Doura T, Miura E, Nonaka H, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Yuzaki M, Hamachi I, Kiyonaka S. Coordination chemogenetics for activation of GPCR-type glutamate receptors in brain tissue. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3167. [PMID: 35710788 PMCID: PMC9203742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct activation of cell-surface receptors is highly desirable for elucidating their physiological roles. A potential approach for cell-type-specific activation of a receptor subtype is chemogenetics, in which both point mutagenesis of the receptors and designed ligands are used. However, ligand-binding properties are affected in most cases. Here, we developed a chemogenetic method for direct activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1), which plays essential roles in cerebellar functions in the brain. Our screening identified a mGlu1 mutant, mGlu1(N264H), that was activated directly by palladium complexes. A palladium complex showing low cytotoxicity successfully activated mGlu1 in mGlu1(N264H) knock-in mice, revealing that activation of endogenous mGlu1 is sufficient to evoke the critical cellular mechanism of synaptic plasticity, a basis of motor learning in the cerebellum. Moreover, cell-type-specific activation of mGlu1 was demonstrated successfully using adeno-associated viruses in mice, which shows the potential utility of this chemogenetics for clarifying the physiological roles of mGlu1 in a cell-type-specific manner. Cell-type-specific activation of receptors is desirable for elucidating their roles in tissues or animals. Here, the authors developed a chemogenetic method for direct activation of mGlu1, a GPCR-type glutamate receptor subtype, and demonstrate its use in mouse brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ojima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tokiwa Yamasaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Miura
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Michibata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Doura
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Eriko Miura
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Kiyonaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan. .,Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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Maisuls I, Boisten F, Hebenbrock M, Alfke J, Schürmann L, Jasper-Peter B, Hepp A, Esselen M, Müller J, Strassert CA. Monoanionic C^N^N Luminophores and Monodentate C-Donor Co-Ligands for Phosphorescent Pt(II) Complexes: A Case Study Involving Their Photophysics and Cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9195-9204. [PMID: 35666659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of Pt(II) complexes bearing monoanionic C^N^N ligands as luminophoric units as well as a set of monodentate ligands derived from allenylidene and carbene species were synthesized and characterized in terms of structure and photophysical properties. In addition, we present the extraordinary molecular structure of a phosphorescent complex carrying an allenylidene ligand. Depending on the co-ligand, an effect can be observed in the photoluminescence lifetimes and quantum yields as well as in the radiative and radiation less deactivation rate constants. Their correlation with the substitution pattern was analyzed by comparing the photoluminescence in fluid solution at room temperature and in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K. Moreover, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the electronic states responsible for the optical properties, density functional theory calculations were performed. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the complexes was evaluated in vitro, showing that the cationic complexes exhibit strong effects at low micromolar concentrations. The calculated half-maximum effective concentrations (EC50 values) were 4 times lower in comparison to the established antitumor agent oxaliplatin. In contrast, the neutral species are less toxic, rendering them as potential bioimaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany.,CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Felix Boisten
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Marian Hebenbrock
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Julian Alfke
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Beate Jasper-Peter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Melanie Esselen
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany.,CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
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Wang K, Fan R, Wei X, Fang W. Palladacyclic N-heterocyclic carbene precatalysts for transition metal catalysis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Ferraro MG, Piccolo M, Misso G, Santamaria R, Irace C. Bioactivity and Development of Small Non-Platinum Metal-Based Chemotherapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050954. [PMID: 35631543 PMCID: PMC9147010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Countless expectations converge in the multidisciplinary endeavour for the search and development of effective and safe drugs in fighting cancer. Although they still embody a minority of the pharmacological agents currently in clinical use, metal-based complexes have great yet unexplored potential, which probably hides forthcoming anticancer drugs. Following the historical success of cisplatin and congeners, but also taking advantage of conventional chemotherapy limitations that emerged with applications in the clinic, the design and development of non-platinum metal-based chemotherapeutics, either as drugs or prodrugs, represents a rapidly evolving field wherein candidate compounds can be fine-tuned to access interactions with druggable biological targets. Moving in this direction, over the last few decades platinum family metals, e.g., ruthenium and palladium, have been largely proposed. Indeed, transition metals and molecular platforms where they originate are endowed with unique chemical and biological features based on, but not limited to, redox activity and coordination geometries, as well as ligand selection (including their inherent reactivity and bioactivity). Herein, current applications and progress in metal-based chemoth are reviewed. Converging on the recent literature, new attractive chemotherapeutics based on transition metals other than platinum—and their bioactivity and mechanisms of action—are examined and discussed. A special focus is committed to anticancer agents based on ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, and iridium, but also to gold derivatives, for which more experimental data are nowadays available. Next to platinum-based agents, ruthenium-based candidate drugs were the first to reach the stage of clinical evaluation in humans, opening new scenarios for the development of alternative chemotherapeutic options to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ferraro
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.I.)
| | - Rita Santamaria
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Carlo Irace
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.I.)
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Schulz E, Mawamba V, Löhr M, Hagemann C, Friedrich A, Schatzschneider U. Structure‐activity relations of Pd(II) and Pt(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes on different human glioblastoma cell lines. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie Am Hubland D-97074 Würzburg GERMANY
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40
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Samiee S, Shiralinia A, Hoveizi E, Gable RW. A new Pd(II) complex containing acetophenone oxime and 1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane ligands; Crystal structure, catalytic activity, molecular docking and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Cheng L, Wang Y, Wang J, Qin H, Zhu G, Tao L. Cytotoxic Action of Palladium-Based Compound on Prostate Stem Cells, Primary Prostate Epithelial Cells, Prostate Epithelial Cells, and Prostate Cell Lines. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:4993405. [PMID: 35345664 PMCID: PMC8957437 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4993405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer found to occur in males and is ranked as the second-highest cause of cancer-associated deaths among male patients. In this study, we have shown the influence of a new palladium-based anticancer agent in contrast to the six distinct prostate cancer lines and the primary cultures. Methods In this study, we have used six distinct prostate cell lines, that is, PNT2-C2, LNCaP, BPH-1, PC-3, PNT1A, and P4E6. The MTP and ATP assay were performed to evaluate the growth of the cell and the flow cytometry to investigate the status of the cell cycle. The antigrowth effect of the palladium complex was evaluated against different cell lines at three time zones 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. [PdCl(terpy)] (capsule)-2H2O is synthesized by direct encapsulation of equimolar amounts of capsule ions into [Pd (terpy) Cl] Cl-2H2O. Results A comparative analysis was done on 25 mM etoposide and 12 mM cisplatin, cytotoxic agents. The lowest IC50 value at 72 hours was 0.128 mM for BPH-1 cell lines with 0.139 mM, whereas PNT2-C2 cells were found to be most resistant with IC50 values of 0.829 mM. The antigrowth effect of palladium complex on cell lines was measured using the MTS assay at 24, 48, and 72 hours. BPH-1, PNT2-C2, and PNT1A either possess normal tissues or have benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues whereas P4E6, PC-3, and LNCaP cell lines possess malignant origin. The Pd complex exhibited significant cytotoxic action in stem cells when compared against etoposide. An antigrowth effect was reported for Pd complex at lower concentration, but it was more cytotoxic than etoposide with significant cytotoxicity (P=0.001). Conclusion The palladium complex experienced a substantial antigrowth influence over most of the prostate tumor cell lines and the primary cultures, eventually, leading to the implementation of this Pd complex in the treating procedure of metastatic prostate cancer, which is tremendously resistant to the traditional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Haibo Qin
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guangbiao Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lingsong Tao
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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Scattolin T, Pessotto I, Cavarzerani E, Canzonieri V, Orian L, Demitri N, Schmidt C, Casini A, Bortolamiol E, Visentin F, Rizzolio F, Nolan SP. Indenyl and allyl palladate complexes bearing N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands: an easily accessible class of new anticancer drug candidates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari Via Torino 155 30037 Mestre ITALY
| | - Ilenia Pessotto
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | | | - Laura Orian
- University of Padova: Universita degli Studi di Padova Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA elettra sincrotrone ITALY
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Munich University of Technology: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Angela Casini
- Munich University of Technology: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Enrica Bortolamiol
- Ca'Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
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Peña Q, Wang A, Zaremba O, Shi Y, Scheeren HW, Metselaar JM, Kiessling F, Pallares RM, Wuttke S, Lammers T. Metallodrugs in cancer nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2544-2582. [PMID: 35262108 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes are extensively used for cancer therapy. The multiple variables available for tuning (metal, ligand, and metal-ligand interaction) offer unique opportunities for drug design, and have led to a vast portfolio of metallodrugs that can display a higher diversity of functions and mechanisms of action with respect to pure organic structures. Clinically approved metallodrugs, such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, are used to treat many types of cancer and play prominent roles in combination regimens, including with immunotherapy. However, metallodrugs generally suffer from poor pharmacokinetics, low levels of target site accumulation, metal-mediated off-target reactivity and development of drug resistance, which can all limit their efficacy and clinical translation. Nanomedicine has arisen as a powerful tool to help overcome these shortcomings. Several nanoformulations have already significantly improved the efficacy and reduced the toxicity of (chemo-)therapeutic drugs, including some promising metallodrug-containing nanomedicines currently in clinical trials. In this critical review, we analyse the opportunities and clinical challenges of metallodrugs, and we assess the advantages and limitations of metallodrug delivery, both from a nanocarrier and from a metal-nano interaction perspective. We describe the latest and most relevant nanomedicine formulations developed for metal complexes, and we discuss how the rational combination of coordination chemistry with nanomedicine technology can assist in promoting the clinical translation of metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quim Peña
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alec Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Orysia Zaremba
- BCMaterials, Bld. Martina Casiano, 3rd. Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Hans W Scheeren
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger M Pallares
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials, Bld. Martina Casiano, 3rd. Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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A couple of antitumor Pd(II) complexes make DNA-refolding and HSA-unfolding: Experimental and docking studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Le Bris N, Pineau J, Lima LM, Tripier R. Palladium(II) coordination with polyazacycloalkanes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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46
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Scattolin T, Moro G, Serena A, Pattaro AG, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Demitri N, Bortolamiol E, Moretto LM, Visentin F. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of Ferrocenyl complexes bearing different organopalladium fragments. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Giulia Moro
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Anita Serena
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Alessia Guadagnin Pattaro
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447 Trieste Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Area Science Park, Elettra‐Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Enrica Bortolamiol
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Ligia Maria Moretto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
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47
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Novel thiazolium ionic liquids-tagged bicyclo-palladium(II) Schiff base complexes; Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity toward ovarian cancer. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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Romashev NF, Abramov PA, Bakaev IV, Fomenko IS, Samsonenko DG, Novikov AS, Tong KKH, Ahn D, Dorovatovskii PV, Zubavichus YV, Ryadun AA, Patutina OA, Sokolov MN, Babak MV, Gushchin AL. Heteroleptic Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes with Redox-Active Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Multimodal Anticancer Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2105-2118. [PMID: 35029379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic square-planar Pt and Pd complexes with bis(diisopropylphenyl) iminoacenaphtene (dpp-Bian) and Cl, 1,3-dithia-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate (dmit), or 1,3-dithia-2-thione-4,5-diselenolate (dsit) ligands have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The intermolecular noncovalent interactions in the crystal structures were assessed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The anticancer activity of Pd complexes in breast cancer cell lines was limited by their solubility. Pd(dpp-Bian) complexes with dmit and dsit ligands as well as an uncoordinated dpp-Bian ligand were devoid of cytotoxicity, while the [Pd(dpp-Bian)Cl2] complex was cytotoxic. On the contrary, all Pt(dpp-Bian) complexes demonstrated anticancer activity in a low micromolar concentration range, which was 8-20 times higher than the activity of cisplatin, and up to 2.5-fold selectivity toward cancer cells over healthy fibroblasts. The presence of a redox-active dpp-Bian ligand in Pt and Pd complexes resulted in the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. In addition, these complexes were able to intercalate into DNA, indicating the dual mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai F Romashev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel A Abramov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan V Bakaev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Iakov S Fomenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Denis G Samsonenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Kelvin K H Tong
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Dohyun Ahn
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Pavel V Dorovatovskii
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Yan V Zubavichus
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksey A Ryadun
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga A Patutina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maxim N Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Artem L Gushchin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Dorafshan Tabatabai AS, Dehghanian E, Mansouri-Torshizi H. Probing the interaction of new and biologically active Pd(II) complex with DNA/BSA via joint experimental and computational studies along with thermodynamic, NLO, FMO and NBO analysis. Biometals 2022; 35:245-266. [PMID: 35039973 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with transition metal complexes is an efficient method to fight with cancer. Therefore, a new transition metal complex formulated as [Pd(1, 3-pn)(acac)]Cl (pn and acac stand for propylendiamine and acetylacetonate, respectively) was synthesized and analyzed using 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, electronic absorption spectroscopy techniques as well as elemental analysis and conductivity measurement. The geometry optimization, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and nonlinear optical (NLO) property were accomplished by density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP level with 6-311G(d,p)/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP basis set. Preliminary determination of antitumor activity and lipophilicity of this metal complex was performed experimentally and the promising results were obtained. This encouraged us to study the interaction and binding mode/modes of this complex with DNA as the primary receptor for the chemotropic drugs and BSA as the transporter protein in the circulatory system. For this reason, the binding of newly made complex was assessed in-vitro under physiological state using experimental and in-silico molecular modeling studies. So, the CT-DNA binding study of this complex was explored using spectrofluorometric as well as spectrophotometric techniques, viscosity and gel electrophoresis experiments. Furthermore, fluorescence, UV-Vis, F[Formula: see text]rster resonance energy transfer and circular dichroism studies were carried out for BSA binding. The experimental and computational interaction studies showed that [Pd(1, 3-pn)(acac)]Cl complex binds to the minor groove of CT-DNA and interacts with BSA by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Effat Dehghanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
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50
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Ragab MS, Shehata MR, Shoukry MM, Haukka M, Ragheb MA. Oxidative DNA cleavage mediated by a new unexpected [Pd(BAPP)][PdCl 4] complex (BAPP = 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine): crystal structure, DNA binding and cytotoxic behavior. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1871-1884. [PMID: 35425175 PMCID: PMC8979008 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07793g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Pd(ii) double complex, [Pd(BAPP)][PdCl4], containing the 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine (BAPP) ligand is investigated. X-ray crystallography of a single crystal confirmed the structure of the [Pd(BAPP)][PdCl4] complex. The spectroscopic behavior was also elucidated using elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the [Pd(BAPP)][PdCl4] complex against all tested microbial strains was lower than that of the BAPP ligand except for C. albicans. The cytotoxic impacts of the BAPP ligand and its [Pd(BAPP)][PdCl4] complex were evaluated in vitro for HepG2, CaCo-2 and MCF7 cell lines as well as the WI-38 normal cell line. The anticancer activity was markedly improved by the complexation. The [Pd(BAPP)][PdCl4] complex could selectively inhibit the tested cancer cells in a safe way to the non-tumorigenic cell (WI-38). From the DNA binding studies with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, the [Pd(BAPP)][PdCl4] complex interacts more efficiently with the calf thymus DNA than its BAPP ligand through the intercalative binding mode. In the absence of an external reductant, the [Pd(BAPP)][PdCl4] complex cleaved the intact supercoiled pBR322 DNA under physiological conditions in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, electrophoretic experiments were performed in the presence of different radical scavengers, namely DMSO, NaN3 and KI, and ruled out the hydrolytic mechanistic pathway of the reaction and suggested that the oxidative mechanism is the preferred one. The results of the binding affinity of the [Pd(BAPP)][PdCl4] complex to human DNA were modeled using a molecular docking study showing that the complex interacts more strongly with human DNA than the ligand. Finally, an in vitro pharmacokinetic study was assessed through in silico ADME predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Shehata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Shoukry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Mohamed A Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza Egypt
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