1
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Cormier S, Fogg DE. Probing Catalyst Degradation in Metathesis of Internal Olefins: Expanding Access to Amine-Tagged ROMP Polymers. ACS Catal 2023; 13:11834-11840. [PMID: 37671179 PMCID: PMC10476157 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-promoted ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) offers potentially powerful routes to amine-functionalized polymers with antimicrobial, adhesive, and self-healing properties. However, amines readily degrade the methylidene and unsubstituted ruthenacyclobutane intermediates formed in metathesis of terminal olefins. Examined herein is the relevance of these decomposition pathways to ROMP (i.e., metathesis of internal olefins) by the third-generation Grubbs catalyst. Primary alkylamines rapidly quench polymerization via fast adduct formation, followed by nucleophilic abstraction of the propagating alkylidene. Bulkier, Brønsted-basic amines are less aggressive: attack competes only for slow polymerization or strong bases (e.g., DBU). Added HCl limits degradation, as demonstrated by the successful ROMP of an otherwise intractable methylamine monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha
K. Cormier
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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2
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Boisvert EJY, Max HC, Fogg DE. Rapid Aerial Oxidation of Ruthenium-Dithiocatecholate Catalysts: A Challenge to Stereoretentive Olefin Metathesis. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza-Jayne Y. Boisvert
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Harrison C. Max
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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3
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Toward E-selective Olefin Metathesis: Computational Design and Experimental Realization of Ruthenium Thio-Indolate Catalysts. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe selective transformation of 1-alkenes into E-olefins is a long-standing challenge in olefin metathesis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict high E-selectivity for catalysts incorporating a bidentate, dianionic thio-indolate ligand within a RuXX’(NHC)(py)(= CHR) platform (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; py = pyridine). Such complexes are predicted to yield E-olefins by favoring anti-disposed substituents in the transition state expected to be rate-determining: specifically, that for cycloreversion of the metallacyclobutane intermediate. Three pyridine-stabilized catalysts Ru21a-c were synthesized, in which the thio-indolate ligand bears a H, Me, or Ph substituent at the C2 position, and the NHC ligand is the unsaturated imidazoline-2-ylidene Me2IMes (which bears N-mesityl groups and methyl groups on the C4,5 backbone). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of Ru21c confirms the ligand orientation required for E-selective metathesis, with the thio-indolate sulfur atom binding cis to the NHC, and the indolate nitrogen atom trans to the NHC. However, whereas the new complexes mediated metathetic exchange of their 2-thienylmethylidene ligand in the presence of the common metathesis substrates styrene and allylbenzene, no corresponding self-metathesis products were obtained. Only small amounts of 2-butene (73% (Z)-2-butene) were obtained in self-metathesis of propene using Ru21a. Detailed DFT analysis of this process revealed that product release is surprisingly slow, limiting the reaction rate and explaining the low metathesis activity. With the barrier to dissociation of (Z)-2-butene being lower than that of (E)-2-butene, the calculations also account for the observed Z-selectivity of Ru21a. These findings provide guidelines for catalyst redesign in pursuit of the ambitious goal of E-selective 1-alkene metathesis.
Graphic abstract
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4
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Nascimento D, Foscato M, Occhipinti G, Jensen VR, Fogg DE. Bimolecular Coupling in Olefin Metathesis: Correlating Structure and Decomposition for Leading and Emerging Ruthenium-Carbene Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11072-11079. [PMID: 34270895 PMCID: PMC8397316 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bimolecular catalyst decomposition is a fundamental, long-standing challenge in olefin metathesis. Emerging ruthenium-cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) catalysts, which enable breakthrough advances in productivity and general robustness, are now known to be extraordinarily susceptible to this pathway. The details of the process, however, have hitherto been obscure. The present study provides the first detailed mechanistic insights into the steric and electronic factors that govern bimolecular decomposition. Described is a combined experimental and theoretical study that probes decomposition of the key active species, RuCl2(L)(py)(═CH2) 1 (in which L is the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) H2IMes, or a CAAC ligand: the latter vary in the NAr group (NMes, N-2,6-Et2C6H3, or N-2-Me,6-iPrC6H3) and the substituents on the quaternary site flanking the carbene carbon (i.e., CMe2 or CMePh)). The transiently stabilized pyridine adducts 1 were isolated by cryogenic synthesis of the metallacyclobutanes, addition of pyridine, and precipitation. All are shown to decompose via second-order kinetics at -10 °C. The most vulnerable CAAC species, however, decompose more than 1000-fold faster than the H2IMes analogue. Computational studies reveal that the key factor underlying accelerated decomposition of the CAAC derivatives is their stronger trans influence, which weakens the Ru-py bond and increases the transient concentration of the 14-electron methylidene species, RuCl2(L)(═CH2) 2. Fast catalyst initiation, a major design goal in olefin metathesis, thus has the negative consequence of accelerating decomposition. Inhibiting bimolecular decomposition offers major opportunities to transform catalyst productivity and utility, and to realize the outstanding promise of olefin metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
L. Nascimento
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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5
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Nascimento DL, Reim I, Foscato M, Jensen VR, Fogg DE. Challenging Metathesis Catalysts with Nucleophiles and Brønsted Base: Examining the Stability of State-of-the-Art Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts to Attack by Amines. ACS Catal 2020; 10:11623-11633. [PMID: 33123412 PMCID: PMC7587145 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Critical to advancing the uptake of olefin metathesis in leading contexts, including pharmaceutical manufacturing, is identification of highly active catalysts that resist decomposition. Amines constitute an aggressive challenge to ruthenium metathesis catalysts. Examined here is the impact of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), morpholine, n-butylamine, and triethylamine on Ru metathesis catalysts that represent the current state of the art, including cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. Accordingly, the amine-tolerance of the nitro-Grela catalyst RuCl2(H2IMes)(=CHAr) (nG; Ar = C6H4-2-O i Pr-5-NO2) is compared with that of its CAAC analogues nGC1 and nGC2, and the Hoveyda-class catalyst RuCl2(C2)(=CHAr') HC2 (Ar' = C6H4-2-O i Pr). In C1, the carbene carbon is flanked by an N-2,6-Et2C6H3 group and a CMePh quaternary carbon; in C2, by an N-2- i Pr-6-MeC6H3 group and a CMe2 quaternary carbon. The impact of 1 equiv amine per Ru on turnover numbers (TONs) in ring-closing metathesis of diethyl diallylmalonate was assessed at 9 ppm Ru, at RT and 70 °C. The deleterious impact of amines followed the trend NEt3 ∼ NH2 n Bu ≪ DBU ∼ morpholine. Morpholine is shown to decompose nGC1 by nucleophilic abstraction of the methylidene ligand; DBU, by proton abstraction from the metallacyclobutane. Decomposition was minimized at 70 °C, at which nGC1 enabled TONs of ca. 60 000 even in the presence of morpholine or DBU, vs ca. 80 000 in the absence of base. Unexpectedly, H2IMes catalyst nG delivered 70-90% of the performance of nGC1 at high temperatures, and underwent decomposition by Brønsted base at a similar rate. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis shows that this similarity is due to comparable net electron donation by the H2IMes and C1 ligands. Catalysts bearing the smaller C2 ligand were comparatively insensitive to amines, owing to rapid, preferential bimolecular decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Nascimento
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Immanuel Reim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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6
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Abstract
Ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts are one of the most commonly used class of catalysts. There are multiple reviews on their uses in various branches of chemistry and other sciences but a detailed review of their decomposition is missing, despite a large number of recent and important advances in this field. In particular, in the last five years several new mechanism of decomposition, both olefin-driven as well as induced by external agents, have been suggested and used to explain differences in the decomposition rates and the metathesis activities of both standard, N-heterocyclic carbene-based systems and the recently developed cyclic alkyl amino carbene-containing complexes. Here we present a review which explores the last 30 years of the decomposition studied on ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst driven by both intrinsic features of such catalysts as well as external chemicals.
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7
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Byun S, Park S, Choi Y, Ryu JY, Lee J, Choi JH, Hong S. Highly Efficient Ethenolysis and Propenolysis of Methyl Oleate Catalyzed by Abnormal N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ruthenium Complexes in Combination with a Phosphine–Copper Cocatalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Byun
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwook Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro,
Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro,
Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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8
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Goudreault AY, Walden DM, Nascimento DL, Botti AG, Steinmann SN, Michel C, Fogg DE. Hydroxide-Induced Degradation of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: A Challenge for Metathesis in Alkaline Media. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Y. Goudreault
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Daniel M. Walden
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratorie de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Daniel L. Nascimento
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adrian G. Botti
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephan N. Steinmann
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratorie de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Carine Michel
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratorie de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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9
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Ledovskaya MS, Voronin VV, Rodygin KS, Ananikov VP. Efficient labeling of organic molecules using 13C elemental carbon: universal access to 13C2-labeled synthetic building blocks, polymers and pharmaceuticals. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic methodology enabled by 13C-elemental carbon is reported. Calcium carbide Ca13C2 was applied to introduce a universal 13C2 unit in the synthesis of labeled alkynes, O,S,N-vinyl derivatives, labeled polymers and 13C2-pyridazine drug core.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantin S. Rodygin
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Peterhof
- Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Peterhof
- Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences
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10
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Ton SJ, Fogg DE. The Impact of Oxygen on Leading and Emerging Ru-Carbene Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis: An Unanticipated Correlation Between Robustness and Metathesis Activity. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Ton
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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11
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Peschek N, Wannowius KJ, Plenio H. The Initiation Reaction of Hoveyda–Grubbs Complexes with Ethene. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Peschek
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Wannowius
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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12
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Rufh SA, Goudreault AY, Foscato M, Jensen VR, Fogg DE. Rapid Decomposition of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts by a Truncated N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Efficient Catalyst Quenching and N-Heterocyclic Carbene Vinylation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Rufh
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Alexandre Y. Goudreault
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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13
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Bailey GA, Foscato M, Higman CS, Day CS, Jensen VR, Fogg DE. Bimolecular Coupling as a Vector for Decomposition of Fast-Initiating Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6931-6944. [PMID: 29652496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The correlation between rapid initiation and rapid decomposition in olefin metathesis is probed for a series of fast-initiating, phosphine-free Ru catalysts: the Hoveyda catalyst HII, RuCl2(L)(═CHC6H4- o-O iPr); the Grela catalyst nG (a derivative of HII with a nitro group para to O iPr); the Piers catalyst PII, [RuCl2(L)(═CHPCy3)]OTf; the third-generation Grubbs catalyst GIII, RuCl2(L)(py)2(═CHPh); and dianiline catalyst DA, RuCl2(L)( o-dianiline)(═CHPh), in all of which L = H2IMes = N,N'-bis(mesityl)imidazolin-2-ylidene. Prior studies of ethylene metathesis have established that various Ru metathesis catalysts can decompose by β-elimination of propene from the metallacyclobutane intermediate RuCl2(H2IMes)(κ2-C3H6), Ru-2. The present work demonstrates that in metathesis of terminal olefins, β-elimination yields only ca. 25-40% propenes for HII, nG, PII, or DA, and none for GIII. The discrepancy is attributed to competing decomposition via bimolecular coupling of methylidene intermediate RuCl2(H2IMes)(═CH2), Ru-1. Direct evidence for methylidene coupling is presented, via the controlled decomposition of transiently stabilized adducts of Ru-1, RuCl2(H2IMes)Ln(═CH2) (Ln = py n'; n' = 1, 2, or o-dianiline). These adducts were synthesized by treating in situ-generated metallacyclobutane Ru-2 with pyridine or o-dianiline, and were isolated by precipitating at low temperature (-116 or -78 °C, respectively). On warming, both undergo methylidene coupling, liberating ethylene and forming RuCl2(H2IMes)Ln. A mechanism is proposed based on kinetic studies and molecular-level computational analysis. Bimolecular coupling emerges as an important contributor to the instability of Ru-1, and a potentially major pathway for decomposition of fast-initiating, phosphine-free metathesis catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A Bailey
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bergen , Allégaten 41 , N-5007 Bergen , Norway
| | - Carolyn S Higman
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Craig S Day
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Vidar R Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bergen , Allégaten 41 , N-5007 Bergen , Norway
| | - Deryn E Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada K1N 6N5
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14
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Higman CS, Nascimento DL, Ireland BJ, Audörsch S, Bailey GA, McDonald R, Fogg DE. Chelate-Assisted Ring-Closing Metathesis: A Strategy for Accelerating Macrocyclization at Ambient Temperatures. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1604-1607. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S. Higman
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Daniel L. Nascimento
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Benjamin J. Ireland
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Stephan Audörsch
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Gwendolyn A. Bailey
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-Ray
Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
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15
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Nascimento DL, Davy EC, Fogg DE. Merrifield resin-assisted routes to second-generation catalysts for olefin metathesis. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02278f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine-scavenging Merrifield resins can significantly facilitate the synthesis of highly active Ru metathesis catalysts, including the second-generation Grubbs, Hoveyda, and indenylidene catalysts (GII, HII, InII).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Nascimento
- Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Emma C. Davy
- Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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16
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Bailey GA, Lummiss JAM, Foscato M, Occhipinti G, McDonald R, Jensen VR, Fogg DE. Decomposition of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts by Brønsted Base: Metallacyclobutane Deprotonation as a Primary Deactivating Event. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16446-16449. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A. Bailey
- Center
for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Justin A. M. Lummiss
- Center
for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-Ray
Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
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17
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Bai W, Lee KH, Chen J, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Lin Z, Jia G. Reactions of (Cyclopentadienylidenehydrazono)triphenylphosphorane with Chlororuthenium(II) Complexes and Substituent Effect on the Thermodynamic Trend in the Migratory-Insertion Reactions of Chlororuthenium–Alkylidene Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jiangxi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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18
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Santos AG, Bailey GA, dos Santos EN, Fogg DE. Overcoming Catalyst Decomposition in Acrylate Metathesis: Polyphenol Resins as Enabling Agents for PCy3-Stabilized Metathesis Catalysts. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G. Santos
- Departamento
de Química-ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gwendolyn A. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Eduardo N. dos Santos
- Departamento
de Química-ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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19
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McClennan WL, Rufh SA, Lummiss JAM, Fogg DE. A General Decomposition Pathway for Phosphine-Stabilized Metathesis Catalysts: Lewis Donors Accelerate Methylidene Abstraction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14668-14677. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William L. McClennan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Rufh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Justin A. M. Lummiss
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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20
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Higman CS, Lanterna AE, Marin ML, Scaiano JC, Fogg DE. Catalyst Decomposition during Olefin Metathesis Yields Isomerization-Active Ruthenium Nanoparticles. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S. Higman
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Anabel E. Lanterna
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - M. Luisa Marin
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Juan C. Scaiano
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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21
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2014. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Lummiss JAM, Perras FA, McDonald R, Bryce DL, Fogg DE. Sterically Driven Olefin Metathesis: The Impact of Alkylidene Substitution on Catalyst Activity. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. M. Lummiss
- Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Frédéric A. Perras
- Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray
Crystallographic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - David L. Bryce
- Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
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23
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Lummiss JAM, Higman CS, Fyson DL, McDonald R, Fogg DE. The divergent effects of strong NHC donation in catalysis. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6739-6746. [PMID: 29861923 PMCID: PMC5947514 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverse relationship between NHC donicity and catalyst initiation.
Strong σ-donation from NHC ligands (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) is shown to have profoundly conflicting consequences for the reactivity of transition-metal catalysts. Such donation is regarded as central to high catalyst activity in many contexts, of which the second-generation Grubbs metathesis catalysts (RuCl2(NHC)(PCy3)(
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CHPh), GII) offer an early, prominent example. Less widely recognized is the dramatically inhibiting impact of NHC ligation on initiation of GII, and on re-entry into the catalytic cycle from the resting-state methylidene species RuCl2(NHC)(PCy3)(
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CH2), GIIm. Both GII and the methylidene complexes are activated by dissociation of PCy3. The impact of NHC donicity on the rate of PCy3 loss is explored in a comparison of s-GIIm, vs.u-GIIm, in which the NHC ligand is saturated H2IMes or unsaturated IMes, respectively. PCy3 loss is nearly an order of magnitude slower for the IMes derivative (a difference that is replicated, albeit smaller, for the benzylidene precatalysts GII). Proposed as an overlooked contributor to these rate differences is an increase in the Ru–PCy3 bond strength arising from π-back-donation onto the phosphine ligand. Strong σ-donation from the IMes ligand, coupled with the inability of this unsaturated NHC to participate in significant π-backbonding, amplifies Ru → PCy3 π-back-donation. The resulting increase in Ru–P bond strength greatly inhibits entry into the active cycle. For s-GII, in contrast, the greater π-acceptor capacity of the NHC ligand enables competing Ru → H2IMes back-donation (as confirmed by NOE experiments, which reveal restricted rotation about the Ru–NHC bond for H2IMes, but not IMes). Ru → PCy3 back-donation is thus attenuated in the H2IMes complexes, accounting for the greater lability of the PCy3 ligand in s-GIIm and s-GII. Similarly inhibited initiation is predicted for other metal–NHC catalysts in which a π-acceptor ligand L must be dissociated to permit substrate binding. Conversely, enhanced reactivity can be expected where such L ligands are pure σ-donors. These effects are expected to be particularly dramatic where the NHC ligand has minimal π-acceptor capacity (as in the unsaturated Arduengo carbenes), and in geometries that maximize NHC–M–L orbital interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A M Lummiss
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Carolyn S Higman
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Devon L Fyson
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , T6G 2G2 , AB , Canada
| | - Deryn E Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , K1N 6N5 , Canada .
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24
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Ireland BJ, Dobigny BT, Fogg DE. Decomposition of a Phosphine-Free Metathesis Catalyst by Amines and Other Bronsted Bases: Metallacyclobutane Deprotonation as a Major Deactivation Pathway. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Ireland
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Bernadette T. Dobigny
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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25
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Lummiss JAM, McClennan WL, McDonald R, Fogg DE. Donor-Induced Decomposition of the Grubbs Catalysts: An Intercepted Intermediate. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501011y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. M. Lummiss
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - William L. McClennan
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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