1
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Liu Q, van Bokhoven JA. Water structures on acidic zeolites and their roles in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3065-3095. [PMID: 38369933 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00404j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The local reaction environment of catalytic active sites can be manipulated to modify the kinetics and thermodynamic properties of heterogeneous catalysis. Because of the unique physical-chemical nature of water, heterogeneously catalyzed reactions involving specific interactions between water molecules and active sites on catalysts exhibit distinct outcomes that are different from those performed in the absence of water. Zeolitic materials are being applied with the presence of water for heterogeneous catalytic reactions in the chemical industry and our transition to sustainable energy. Mechanistic investigation and in-depth understanding about the behaviors and the roles of water are essentially required for zeolite chemistry and catalysis. In this review, we focus on the discussions of the nature and structures of water adsorbed/stabilized on Brønsted and Lewis acidic zeolites based on experimental observations as well as theoretical calculation results. The unveiled functions of water structures in determining the catalytic efficacy of zeolite-catalyzed reactions have been overviewed and the strategies frequently developed for enhancing the stabilization of zeolite catalysts are highlighted. Recent advancement will contribute to the development of innovative catalytic reactions and the rationalization of catalytic performances in terms of activity, selectivity and stability with the presence of water vapor or in condensed aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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2
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Bols ML, Ma J, Rammal F, Plessers D, Wu X, Navarro-Jaén S, Heyer AJ, Sels BF, Solomon EI, Schoonheydt RA. In Situ UV-Vis-NIR Absorption Spectroscopy and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2352-2418. [PMID: 38408190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights in situ UV-vis-NIR range absorption spectroscopy in catalysis. A variety of experimental techniques identifying reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and structural properties are discussed. Stopped flow techniques, use of laser pulses, and use of experimental perturbations are demonstrated for in situ studies of enzymatic, homogeneous, heterogeneous, and photocatalysis. They access different time scales and are applicable to different reaction systems and catalyst types. In photocatalysis, femto- and nanosecond resolved measurements through transient absorption are discussed for tracking excited states. UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopies for structural characterization are demonstrated especially for Cu and Fe exchanged zeolites and metalloenzymes. This requires combining different spectroscopies. Combining magnetic circular dichroism and resonance Raman spectroscopy is especially powerful. A multitude of phenomena can be tracked on transition metal catalysts on various supports, including changes in oxidation state, adsorptions, reactions, support interactions, surface plasmon resonances, and band gaps. Measurements of oxidation states, oxygen vacancies, and band gaps are shown on heterogeneous catalysts, especially for electrocatalysis. UV-vis-NIR absorption is burdened by broad absorption bands. Advanced analysis techniques enable the tracking of coking reactions on acid zeolites despite convoluted spectra. The value of UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy to catalyst characterization and mechanistic investigation is clear but could be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L Bols
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), University of Ghent, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fatima Rammal
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Plessers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xuejiao Wu
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Navarro-Jaén
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander J Heyer
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bert F Sels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert A Schoonheydt
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Wu R, Matta M, Paulsen BD, Rivnay J. Operando Characterization of Organic Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conducting Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4493-4551. [PMID: 35026108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Operando characterization plays an important role in revealing the structure-property relationships of organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs), enabling the direct observation of dynamic changes during device operation and thus guiding the development of new materials. This review focuses on the application of different operando characterization techniques in the study of OMIECs, highlighting the time-dependent and bias-dependent structure, composition, and morphology information extracted from these techniques. We first illustrate the needs, requirements, and challenges of operando characterization then provide an overview of relevant experimental techniques, including spectroscopy, scattering, microbalance, microprobe, and electron microscopy. We also compare different in silico methods and discuss the interplay of these computational methods with experimental techniques. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future development of operando for OMIEC-based devices and look toward multimodal operando techniques for more comprehensive and accurate description of OMIECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Micaela Matta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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4
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Dynamic Simulation on Surface Hydration and Dehydration of Monoclinic Zirconia. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2204062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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5
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Huo J, Tessonnier JP, Shanks BH. Improving Hydrothermal Stability of Supported Metal Catalysts for Biomass Conversions: A Review. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Huo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Tessonnier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brent H. Shanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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6
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Timoshenko J, Roldan Cuenya B. In Situ/ Operando Electrocatalyst Characterization by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:882-961. [PMID: 32986414 PMCID: PMC7844833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has become an indispensable method for probing the structure and composition of heterogeneous catalysts, revealing the nature of the active sites and establishing links between structural motifs in a catalyst, local electronic structure, and catalytic properties. Here we discuss the fundamental principles of the XAS method and describe the progress in the instrumentation and data analysis approaches undertaken for deciphering X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. Recent usages of XAS in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, with emphasis on examples concerning electrocatalysis, will be presented. The latter is a rapidly developing field with immense industrial applications but also unique challenges in terms of the experimental characterization restrictions and advanced modeling approaches required. This review will highlight the new insight that can be gained with XAS on complex real-world electrocatalysts including their working mechanisms and the dynamic processes taking place in the course of a chemical reaction. More specifically, we will discuss applications of in situ and operando XAS to probe the catalyst's interactions with the environment (support, electrolyte, ligands, adsorbates, reaction products, and intermediates) and its structural, chemical, and electronic transformations as it adapts to the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Timoshenko
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Li K, Deng L, Yi S, Wu Y, Xia G, Zhao J, LU D, Min Y. Boosting the performance by the water solvation shell with hydrogen bonds on protonic ionic liquids: insights into the acid catalysis of the glycosidic bond. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02459g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonding (HB) of protonic ionic liquids induced by the water solvation shell is proposed to dominate in the acid catalysis of the glycosidic bond in hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Li
- School of Materials and Energy
- Center of Emerging Material and Technology
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Limin Deng
- School of Materials and Energy
- Center of Emerging Material and Technology
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Shun Yi
- School of Materials and Energy
- Center of Emerging Material and Technology
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yabo Wu
- School of Materials and Energy
- Center of Emerging Material and Technology
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Guangjie Xia
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dong LU
- Center for Engineering Materials and Reliability
- Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy
- Center of Emerging Material and Technology
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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8
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Abstract
The preparation methods of hydrophobic materials such as zeolites, modified silicas and polymers has been reviewed. Particular attention has been paid to the characterization methods classified according to the surface and bulk composition, on one hand, and to the measure of interactions with water or organic solvents, on the other. Some selected applications are analyzed in order to understand the relevance of the reactants/products adsorption to address activity and selectivity of the reaction. Thus, absorption of a non-polar reactant or desorption of a hydrophilic product are much easier on a hydrophobic surface and can effectively boost the catalytic activity.
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9
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Collinge G, Yuk SF, Nguyen MT, Lee MS, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R. Effect of Collective Dynamics and Anharmonicity on Entropy in Heterogenous Catalysis: Building the Case for Advanced Molecular Simulations. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Collinge
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simuck F. Yuk
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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10
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Montoro Bustos AR, Pettibone JM, Murphy KE. Characterization of Nanoparticles: Advances. NANOPARTICLE DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION FOR CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788016292-00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the unique properties of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have placed them at the centre of revolutionary advancements in many sectors of science, technology and commerce. Multi-technique and multi-disciplinary analytical approaches are required to identify, quantify, and characterize the chemical composition, size and size distribution, surface properties and the number and concentration of NPs. In this chapter, an overview of the recent advances in the characterization of NPs will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Montoro Bustos
- National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg MD 20899-1070 USA
| | - J. M. Pettibone
- National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg MD 20899-1070 USA
| | - K. E. Murphy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg MD 20899-1070 USA
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11
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Shi H. Valorization of Biomass‐derived Small Oxygenates: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Site Requirements of H2‐involved Hydrogenation and Deoxygenation Pathways over Heterogeneous Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research CenterTechnical University Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
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12
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Wang YH, Wei J, Radjenovic P, Tian ZQ, Li JF. In Situ Analysis of Surface Catalytic Reactions Using Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:1675-1685. [PMID: 30629409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry and heterogeneous catalysis continue to attract enormous interest. In situ surface analysis is a dynamic research field capable of elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of reaction processes. Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) is a nondestructive technique that has been cumulatively used to probe and analyze catalytic-reaction processes, providing important spectral evidence about reaction intermediates produced on catalyst surfaces. In this perspective, we review recent electrochemical- and heterogeneous-catalysis studies using SHINERS, highlight its advantages, summarize the flaws and prospects for improving the SHINERS technique, and give insight into its future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Jie Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Petar Radjenovic
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University , Shenzhen 518000 , China
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13
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Xto J, Wetter R, Borca CN, Frieh C, van Bokhoven JA, Huthwelker T. Droplet-based in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy cell for studying crystallization processes at the tender X-ray energy range. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34004-34010. [PMID: 35528920 PMCID: PMC9073857 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of nucleation and crystallization is fundamental in science and technology. In solution, these processes are complex involving multiple transformations from ions and ion pairs through amorphous intermediates to multiple crystalline phases. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), which is sensitive to liquid, amorphous and crystalline phases offers prospects of demystifying these processes. However, for low Z elements the use of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy requires the tender X-ray range, which is often limited by vacuum requirements thereby complicating these measurements. To overcome these challenges, we developed a versatile and user-friendly droplet-based in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy cell for studying crystallization processes. Time-resolved in situ experiments under ambient conditions are carried out in the cell whilst the cell is mounted in the vacuum chamber of a tender X-ray beamline. By following changes in the Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), we captured in situ the intermediate phases involved during calcium carbonate crystallization from aqueous solutions. In addition, through linear combination fitting it was possible to qualitatively observe the evolution of each phase during the reaction demonstrating the potential of the cell in studying complex multiphase chemical processes. We introduce a new in situ cell for time-resolved reactions involving aerosols/droplets using tender X-ray absorption spectroscopy and related methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Xto
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
| | - Reto Wetter
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
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14
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Varghese JJ, Mushrif SH. Origins of complex solvent effects on chemical reactivity and computational tools to investigate them: a review. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00226f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Origins of solvent-induced enhancement in catalytic reactivity and product selectivity are discussed with computational methods to study them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithin John Varghese
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES) Ltd
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)
- Singapore
| | - Samir H. Mushrif
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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15
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Zheng J, Yu XY, Nguyen MT, Lao D, Zhu Y, Wang F, Heldebrant DJ. Assessing the impacts of dynamic soft-templates innate to switchable ionic liquids on nanoparticulate green rust crystalline structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11239-11242. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04581c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This experimental and theoretical study investigates how dynamic solvation environments in switchable ionic liquids regulate the composition of nanoparticulate green rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Energy and Environment Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - David Lao
- Energy and Environment Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Yifeng Zhu
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Department
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - David J. Heldebrant
- Energy and Environment Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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16
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Gould NS, Xu B. Temperature-Programmed Desorption of Pyridine on Zeolites in the Presence of Liquid Solvents. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Gould
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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17
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Zheng J, Zhang W, Wang F, Yu XY. Enabling liquid solvent structure analysis using hard x-ray absorption spectroscopy with a transferrable microfluidic reactor. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:18LT01. [PMID: 29561738 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aab87f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a vacuum compatible microfluidic device, system for analysis at the liquid vacuum interface, is integrated to hard x-ray absorption spectroscopy to obtain the local structure of K3[Fe(CN)6] in aqueous solutions with three concentrations of 0.5 M, 0.05 M, and 0.005 M. The solutions were sealed in a microchannel 500 µm wide and 300 µm deep in a portable microfluidic device. The Fe K-edge x-ray absorption spectra indicate a presence of Fe(III) in the complex in water, with an octahedral geometry coordinated with 6 C atoms in the first shell with a distance of ~1.92 Å and 6 N atoms in the second shell with a distance of ~3.10 Å. Varying the concentration has no observable influence on the structure of K3[Fe(CN)6]. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using microfluidic based liquid cells in large synchrotron facilities. Using portable microfludic reactors provides a viable approach to enable multifaceted measurements of liquids in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States of America
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18
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Peterson RA, Buck EC, Chun J, Daniel RC, Herting DL, Ilton ES, Lumetta GJ, Clark SB. Review of the Scientific Understanding of Radioactive Waste at the U.S. DOE Hanford Site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:381-396. [PMID: 29215277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This Critical Review reviews the origin and chemical and rheological complexity of radioactive waste at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site. The waste, stored in underground tanks, was generated via three distinct processes over decades of plutonium extraction operations. Although close records were kept of original waste disposition, tank-to-tank transfers and conditions that impede equilibrium complicate our understanding of the chemistry, phase composition, and rheology of the waste. Tank waste slurries comprise particles and aggregates from nano to micro scales, with varying densities, morphologies, heterogeneous compositions, and complicated responses to flow regimes and process conditions. Further, remnant or changing radiation fields may affect the stability and rheology of the waste. These conditions pose challenges for transport through conduits or pipes to treatment plants for vitrification. Additionally, recalcitrant boehmite degrades glass quality and the high aluminum content must be reduced prior to vitrification for the manufacture of waste glass of acceptable durability. However, caustic leaching indicates that boehmite dissolves much more slowly than predicted given surface normalized rates. Existing empirical models based on ex situ experiments and observations generally only describe material balances and have not effectively predicted process performance. Recent advances in the areas of in situ microscopy, aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, theoretical modeling across scales, and experimental methods for probing the physics and chemistry at mineral-fluid and mineral-mineral interfaces are being implemented to build robustly predictive physics-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel L Herting
- Washington River Protection Solutions , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | | | - Sue B Clark
- Chemistry Department, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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19
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Gould NS, Xu B. Catalyst characterization in the presence of solvent: development of liquid phase structure-activity relationships. Chem Sci 2017; 9:281-287. [PMID: 29629097 PMCID: PMC5870052 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03728g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the low volatility and highly oxygenated nature of biomass derived feedstocks, biomass upgrade reactions are frequently conducted in the presence of solvent to improve substrate mass transfer to the catalyst surface. However, relevant catalyst characterization techniques are most often performed in vacuum or inert gas environments, where the effect of solvent on the catalytic sites is ignored. Comparatively, characterization techniques in the presence of solvent are relatively rare, which poses challenges in developing structure-activity relationships for liquid phase reactions. In this perspective, commonly utilized techniques for probing the solid-liquid interface are briefly covered, with a focus on the role of solvent on zeolite and solid acid catalysis. New applications of techniques are proposed, most notably with ATR-FTIR, in the context of extracting thermodynamic information for the further understanding of the role of solvent on broadly applicable catalyst properties, such as acidity, and to develop structure-activity relationships for solid catalysts in solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Gould
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation , Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , 150 Academy St. , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation , Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , 150 Academy St. , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
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Dwyer JR, Harb M. Through a Window, Brightly: A Review of Selected Nanofabricated Thin-Film Platforms for Spectroscopy, Imaging, and Detection. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2051-2075. [PMID: 28714316 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817715496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a review of the use of selected nanofabricated thin films to deliver a host of capabilities and insights spanning bioanalytical and biophysical chemistry, materials science, and fundamental molecular-level research. We discuss approaches where thin films have been vital, enabling experimental studies using a variety of optical spectroscopies across the visible and infrared spectral range, electron microscopies, and related techniques such as electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and single molecule sensing. We anchor this broad discussion by highlighting two particularly exciting exemplars: a thin-walled nanofluidic sample cell concept that has advanced the discovery horizons of ultrafast spectroscopy and of electron microscopy investigations of in-liquid samples; and a unique class of thin-film-based nanofluidic devices, designed around a nanopore, with expansive prospects for single molecule sensing. Free-standing, low-stress silicon nitride membranes are a canonical structural element for these applications, and we elucidate the fabrication and resulting features-including mechanical stability, optical properties, X-ray and electron scattering properties, and chemical nature-of this material in this format. We also outline design and performance principles and include a discussion of underlying material preparations and properties suitable for understanding the use of alternative thin-film materials such as graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Dwyer
- 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Maher Harb
- 2 Department of Physics and Materials, Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Aguirre A, Berli CL, Collins SE. ATR-FTIR spectrokinetic analysis of the CO adsorption and oxidation at water/platinum interface. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Koichumanova K, Visan A, Geerdink B, Lammertink RG, Mojet BL, Seshan K, Lefferts L. ATR-IR spectroscopic cell for in situ studies at solid-liquid interface at elevated temperatures and pressures. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sievers C, Noda Y, Qi L, Albuquerque EM, Rioux RM, Scott SL. Phenomena Affecting Catalytic Reactions at Solid–Liquid Interfaces. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Sievers
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable
Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yu Noda
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-4400, United States
| | - Long Qi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Elise M. Albuquerque
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Robert M. Rioux
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-4400, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-4400, United States
| | - Susannah L. Scott
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
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Zandi O, Hamann TW. Determination of photoelectrochemical water oxidation intermediates on haematite electrode surfaces using operando infrared spectroscopy. Nat Chem 2016; 8:778-83. [PMID: 27442283 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor electrodes capable of using solar photons to drive water-splitting reactions, such as haematite (α-Fe2O3), have been the subject of tremendous interest over recent decades. The surface has been found to play a significant role in determining the efficiency of water oxidation with haematite; however, previous works have only allowed hypotheses to be formulated regarding the identity of relevant surface species. Here we investigate the water-oxidation reaction on haematite using infrared spectroscopy under photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-oxidation conditions. A potential- and light-dependent absorption peak at 898 cm(-1) is assigned to a Fe(IV)=O group, which is an intermediate in the PEC water-oxidation reaction. These results provide direct evidence of high-valent iron-oxo intermediates as the product of the first hole-transfer reaction on the haematite surface and represent an important step in establishing the mechanism of PEC water oxidation on semiconductor electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Zandi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, USA
| | - Thomas W Hamann
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, USA
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Newberg JT, Åhlund J, Arble C, Goodwin C, Khalifa Y, Broderick A. A lab-based ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectrometer with exchangeable analysis chambers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:085113. [PMID: 26329239 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is a powerful spectroscopy tool that is inherently surface sensitive, elemental, and chemical specific, with the ability to probe sample surfaces under Torr level pressures. Herein, we describe the design of a new lab-based APXPS system with the ability to swap small volume analysis chambers. Ag 3d(5/2) analyses of a silver foil were carried out at room temperature to determine the optimal sample-to-aperture distance, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis spot size, relative peak intensities, and peak full width at half maximum of three different electrostatic lens modes: acceleration, transmission, and angular. Ag 3d(5/2) peak areas, differential pumping pressures, and pump performance were assessed under varying N2(g) analysis chamber pressures up to 20 Torr. The commissioning of this instrument allows for the investigation of molecular level interfacial processes under ambient vapor conditions in energy and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Newberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - John Åhlund
- Scienta AB, Box 15120, 750 15 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chris Arble
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Chris Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Yehia Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Alicia Broderick
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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