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Keane PM, Zehe C, Poynton FE, Bright SA, Estayalo-Adrián S, Devereux SJ, Donaldson PM, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Botchway SW, Cardin CJ, Williams DC, Gunnlaugsson T, Long C, Kelly JM, Quinn SJ. Time-resolved infra-red studies of photo-excited porphyrins in the presence of nucleic acids and in HeLa tumour cells: insights into binding site and electron transfer dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27524-27531. [PMID: 36345709 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04604k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Cationic porphyrins based on the 5,10,15,20-meso-(tetrakis-4-N-methylpyridyl) core (TMPyP4) have been studied extensively over many years due to their strong interactions with a variety of nucleic acid structures, and their potential use as photodynamic therapeutic agents and telomerase inhibitors. In this paper, the interactions of metal-free TMPyP4 and Pt(II)TMPyP4 with guanine-containing nucleic acids are studied for the first time using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (TRIR). In D2O solution (where the metal-free form exists as D2TMPyP4) both compounds yielded similar TRIR spectra (between 1450-1750 cm-1) following pulsed laser excitation in their Soret B-absorption bands. Density functional theory calculations reveal that vibrations centred on the methylpyridinium groups are responsible for the dominant feature at ca. 1640 cm-1. TRIR spectra of D2TMPyP4 or PtTMPyP4 in the presence of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP), double-stranded {d(GC)5}2 or {d(CGCAAATTTGCG)}2 contain negative-going signals, 'bleaches', indicative of binding close to guanine. TRIR signals for D2TMPyP4 or PtTMPyP bound to the quadruplex-forming cMYC sequence {d(TAGGGAGGG)}2T indicate that binding occurs on the stacked guanines. For D2TMPyP4 bound to guanine-containing systems, the TRIR signal at ca. 1640 cm-1 decays on the picosecond timescale, consistent with electron transfer from guanine to the singlet excited state of D2TMPyP4, although IR marker bands for the reduced porphyrin/oxidised guanine were not observed. When PtTMPyP is incorporated into HeLa tumour cells, TRIR studies show protein binding with time-dependent ps/ns changes in the amide absorptions demonstrating TRIR's potential for studying light-activated molecular processes not only with nucleic acids in solution but also in biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic M Keane
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- School of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Clara Zehe
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin, Pearse St., Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra A Bright
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin, Pearse St., Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra Estayalo-Adrián
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin, Pearse St., Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Paul M Donaldson
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Christine J Cardin
- School of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - D Clive Williams
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin, Pearse St., Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin, Pearse St., Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Conor Long
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Baptista FA, Krizsan D, Stitch M, Sazanovich IV, Clark IP, Towrie M, Long C, Martinez-Fernandez L, Improta R, Kane-Maguire NAP, Kelly JM, Quinn SJ. Adenine Radical Cation Formation by a Ligand-Centered Excited State of an Intercalated Chromium Polypyridyl Complex Leads to Enhanced DNA Photo-oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14766-14779. [PMID: 34464120 PMCID: PMC8447253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
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Assessment of the
DNA photo-oxidation and synthetic photocatalytic
activity of chromium polypyridyl complexes is dominated by consideration
of their long-lived metal-centered excited states. Here we report
the participation of the excited states of [Cr(TMP)2dppz]3+ (1) (TMP = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline;
dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine) in DNA photoreactions. The interactions of
enantiomers of 1 with natural DNA or with oligodeoxynucleotides
with varying AT content (0–100%) have been studied by steady
state UV/visible absorption and luminescence spectroscopic methods,
and the emission of 1 is found to be quenched in all
systems. The time-resolved infrared (TRIR) and visible absorption
spectra (TA) of 1 following excitation in the region
between 350 to 400 nm reveal the presence of relatively long-lived
dppz-centered states which eventually yield the emissive metal-centered
state. The dppz-localized states are fully quenched when bound by
GC base pairs and partially so in the presence of an AT base-pair
system to generate purine radical cations. The sensitized formation
of the adenine radical cation species (A•+T) is identified by assigning the TRIR spectra with help of
DFT calculations. In natural DNA and oligodeoxynucleotides containing
a mixture of AT and GC of base pairs, the observed time-resolved spectra
are consistent with eventual photo-oxidation occurring predominantly
at guanine through hole migration between base pairs. The combined
targeting of purines leads to enhanced photo-oxidation of guanine.
These results show that DNA photo-oxidation by the intercalated 1, which locates the dppz in contact with the target purines,
is dominated by the LC centered excited state. This work has implications
for future phototherapeutics and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorottya Krizsan
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mark Stitch
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Ian P Clark
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Conor Long
- The School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Lara Martinez-Fernandez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry(IADCHEM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Improta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, 80136 Naples, Italy
| | - Noel A P Kane-Maguire
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, South Carolina 29613-1120, United States
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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3
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Amritha B, Manaf O, Nethaji M, Sujith A, Prathapachandra Kurup M, Vasudevan S. Mn(II) complex of a di-2-pyridyl ketone-N(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazone: Versatile biological properties and naked-eye detection of Fe2+ and Ru3+ ions. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Keane PM, Kelly JM. Transient absorption and time-resolved vibrational studies of photophysical and photochemical processes in DNA-intercalating polypyridyl metal complexes or cationic porphyrins. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Horvath R, Huff GS, Gordon KC, George MW. Probing the excited state nature of coordination complexes with blended organic and inorganic chromophores using vibrational spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Keane PM, Poynton FE, Hall JP, Clark IP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Cardin CJ, Kelly JM. Monitoring guanine photo-oxidation by enantiomerically resolved Ru(II) dipyridophenazine complexes using inosine-substituted oligonucleotides. Faraday Discuss 2016; 185:455-69. [PMID: 26426601 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intercalating [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)](2+) complex can photo-oxidise guanine in DNA, although in mixed-sequence DNA it can be difficult to understand the precise mechanism due to uncertainties in where and how the complex is bound. Replacement of guanine with the less oxidisable inosine (I) base can be used to understand the mechanism of electron transfer (ET). Here the ET has been compared for both Λ- and Δ-enantiomers of [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)](2+) in a set of sequences where guanines in the readily oxidisable GG step in {TCGGCGCCGA}2 have been replaced with I. The ET has been monitored using picosecond and nanosecond transient absorption and picosecond time-resolved IR spectroscopy. In both cases inosine replacement leads to a diminished yield, but the trends are strikingly different for Λ- and Δ-complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic M Keane
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Dept. of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James P Hall
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK. and Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Ian P Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christine J Cardin
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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7
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Goforth SK, Gill TW, Weisbruch AE, Kane-Maguire KA, Helsel ME, Sun KW, Rodgers HD, Stanley FE, Goudy SR, Wheeler SK, Wheeler JF, Kane-Maguire NAP. Synthesis of cis-[Cr(diimine)2(1-methylimidazole)2](3+) Complexes and an Investigation of Their Interaction with Mononucleotides and Polynucleotides. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:1516-26. [PMID: 26836266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A protocol is presented for the synthesis of chromium(III) complexes of the type cis-[Cr(diimine)2(1-methylimidazole)2](3+). These compounds exhibit large excited-state oxidizing powers and strong luminescence in solution. Emission is quenched by added guanine, yielding rate constants that track the driving force for guanine oxidation. The cis-[Cr(TMP)(DPPZ)(1-MeImid)2](3+) species binds strongly to duplex DNA with a preference for AT base sites in the minor groove and may serve as a precursor for photoactivated DNA covalent adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Goforth
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Thomas W Gill
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - April E Weisbruch
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | | | - Marian E Helsel
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Katherine W Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Hillary D Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Floyd E Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Samuel R Goudy
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Sandra K Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - John F Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Noel A P Kane-Maguire
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
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8
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Monitoring one-electron photo-oxidation of guanine in DNA crystals using ultrafast infrared spectroscopy. Nat Chem 2015; 7:961-7. [PMID: 26587711 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To understand the molecular origins of diseases caused by ultraviolet and visible light, and also to develop photodynamic therapy, it is important to resolve the mechanism of photoinduced DNA damage. Damage to DNA bound to a photosensitizer molecule frequently proceeds by one-electron photo-oxidation of guanine, but the precise dynamics of this process are sensitive to the location and the orientation of the photosensitizer, which are very difficult to define in solution. To overcome this, ultrafast time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy was performed on photoexcited ruthenium polypyridyl-DNA crystals, the atomic structure of which was determined by X-ray crystallography. By combining the X-ray and TRIR data we are able to define both the geometry of the reaction site and the rates of individual steps in a reversible photoinduced electron-transfer process. This allows us to propose an individual guanine as the reaction site and, intriguingly, reveals that the dynamics in the crystal state are quite similar to those observed in the solvent medium.
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9
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Keane PM, Poynton FE, Hall JP, Clark IP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Cardin CJ, Kelly JM. Enantiomeric Conformation Controls Rate and Yield of Photoinduced Electron Transfer in DNA Sensitized by Ru(II) Dipyridophenazine Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:734-738. [PMID: 26262495 DOI: 10.1021/jz502743q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitized oxidation of guanine is an important route to DNA damage. Ruthenium polypyridyls are very useful photosensitizers, as their reactivity and DNA-binding properties are readily tunable. Here we show a strong difference in the reactivity of the two enantiomers of [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)](2+), by using time-resolved visible and IR spectroscopy. This reveals that the photosensitized one-electron oxidation of guanine in three oligonucleotide sequences proceeds with similar rates and yields for bound Δ-[Ru(TAP)2(dppz)](2+), whereas those for the Λ enantiomer are very sensitive to base sequence. It is proposed that these differences are due to preferences of each enantiomer for different binding sites in the duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic M Keane
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- §Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James P Hall
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
- ∥Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Clark
- ⊥Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- ⊥Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- ⊥Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- §Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- #School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christine J Cardin
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - John M Kelly
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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