1
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Biskup D, Schnakenburg G, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Access to ligand-stabilized PH-containing phosphenium complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2517-2525. [PMID: 38226484 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03869f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
While the chemistry of phosphenium compounds, including metal complexes thereof, is very well established, few derivatives having a P-H bond have been described, yet. This work describes rational access to donor-stabilised phosphenium metal complexes possessing a P-H bond using protonation reactions of stable phosphinidene complex adducts. While most Brønsted-Lowry acids yield formal 1,1-addition products at the phosphorus centre under the loss of the donor, super-strong acids having weakly coordinating anions enable access to donor-stabilised P-H phosphenium complex salts. The latter possess N-methylimidazole as a donor (to phosphorus) and the N-P interaction has been studied theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Biskup
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Biskup D, Schnakenburg G, Boeré RT, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel RK. Challenging an old paradigm by demonstrating transition metal-like chemistry at a neutral nonmetal center. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6456. [PMID: 37833259 PMCID: PMC10575908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe nonmetal adducts of the phosphorus center of terminal phosphinidene complexes using classical C- and N-ligands from metal coordination chemistry. The nature of the L-P bond has been analyzed by various theoretical methods including a refined method on the variation of the Laplacian of electron density ∇2ρ along the L-P bond path. Studies on thermal stability reveal stark differences between N-ligands such as N-methyl imidazole and C-ligands such as tert-butyl isocyanide, including ligand exchange reactions and a surprising formation of white phosphorus. A milestone is the transformation of a nonmetal-bound isocyanide into phosphaguanidine or an acyclic bisaminocarbene bound to phosphorus; the latter is analogous to the chemistry of transition metal-bound isocyanides, and the former reveals the differences. This example has been studied via cutting-edge DFT calculations leading to two pathways differently favored depending on variations in steric demand. This study reveals the emergence of organometallic from coordination chemistry of a neutral nonmetal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Biskup
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - René T Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K3M4, Canada
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rainer K Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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3
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Sham T, Ragogna PJ. Polymer networks functionalized with
low‐valent
phosphorus cations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Tsun‐Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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4
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Samiee S, Gable RW. A new and unexpected coordination mode of a bis-phosphine monoxide (BPMO) ligand in a palladacycle complex. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Chalmers BA, Somisara DMUK, Surgenor BA, Athukorala Arachchige KS, Woollins JD, Bühl M, Slawin AMZ, Kilian P. Synthetic and Structural Study of peri-Substituted Phosphine-Arsines. Molecules 2021; 26:7222. [PMID: 34885804 PMCID: PMC8658757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of phosphorus-arsenic peri-substituted acenaphthene species have been isolated and fully characterised, including single crystal X-ray diffraction. Reactions of EBr3 (E = P, As) with iPr2PAcenapLi (Acenap = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl) afforded the thermally stable peri-substitution supported donor-acceptor complexes, iPr2PAcenapEBr23 and 4. Both complexes show a strong P→E dative interaction, as observed by X-ray crystallography and 31P NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations indicated the unusual As∙∙∙As contact (3.50 Å) observed in the solid state structure of 4 results from dispersion forces rather than metallic interactions. Incorporation of the excess AsBr3 in the crystal structure of 3 promotes the formation of the ion separated species [iPr2PAcenapAsBr]+Br- 5. A decomposition product 6 containing the rare [As6Br8]2- heterocubane dianion was isolated and characterised crystallographically. The reaction between iPr2PAcenapLi and EtAsI2 afforded tertiary arsine (BrAcenap)2AsEt 7, which was subsequently lithiated and reacted with PhPCl2 and Ph2PCl to afford cyclic PhP(Acenap)2AsEt 8 and acyclic EtAs(AcenapPPh2)2 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Chalmers
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (B.A.C.); (D.M.U.K.S.); (J.D.W.); (M.B.); (A.M.Z.S.)
| | - D. M. Upulani K. Somisara
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (B.A.C.); (D.M.U.K.S.); (J.D.W.); (M.B.); (A.M.Z.S.)
| | | | | | - J. Derek Woollins
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (B.A.C.); (D.M.U.K.S.); (J.D.W.); (M.B.); (A.M.Z.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (B.A.C.); (D.M.U.K.S.); (J.D.W.); (M.B.); (A.M.Z.S.)
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (B.A.C.); (D.M.U.K.S.); (J.D.W.); (M.B.); (A.M.Z.S.)
| | - Petr Kilian
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (B.A.C.); (D.M.U.K.S.); (J.D.W.); (M.B.); (A.M.Z.S.)
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6
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Shet H, Parmar U, Bhilare S, Kapdi AR. A comprehensive review of caged phosphines: synthesis, catalytic applications, and future perspectives. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caged phosphines are versatile ligands due to their rigid backbones, exhibiting a range of catalytic activities, as depicted through the given pictorial representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shet
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
- Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus
| | | | - Shatrughn Bhilare
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Anant R. Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
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7
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Marczenko KM, Jee S, Chitnis SS. High Lewis Acidity at Planar, Trivalent, and Neutral Bismuth Centers. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Marczenko
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samantha Jee
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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8
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Samiee S, Bahmaie M, Motamedi H, Shiralinia A, Gable RW. Synthesis, crystallographic studies, antibacterial and antifungal activities of mononuclear mercury(II) complexes derived from [PPh2(CH2)nPPh2CH2C(O)C6H4Cl)]Br ligands. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Nejman PS, Curzon TE, Bühl M, McKay D, Woollins JD, Ashbrook SE, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Kilian P. Phosphorus–Bismuth Peri-Substituted Acenaphthenes: A Synthetic, Structural, and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5616-5625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S. Nejman
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - Thomasine E. Curzon
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - David McKay
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharon E. Ashbrook
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | | | - Petr Kilian
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
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10
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Ye J, Fu C, He J, Zhou X, Sun Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Xu L, Wang J, Yang Y. In Situ Synthesis of 3D Pt/CdS/ Hydrogenated BiOBr Microspheres with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ye
- Yongfang YangInstitute of Polymer Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Congcong Fu
- Yongfang YangInstitute of Polymer Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Jiahui He
- Yongfang YangInstitute of Polymer Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Xuejian Zhou
- Yongfang YangInstitute of Polymer Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Yongfang YangInstitute of Polymer Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Yongfang YangInstitute of Polymer Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Yongfang YangInstitute of Polymer Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Lidong Xu
- Yongfang YangInstitute of Polymer Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Yongfang YangInstitute of Polymer Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Yang
- Yongfang YangInstitute of Polymer Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
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11
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Chitnis SS, LaFortune JHW, Cummings H, Liu LL, Andrews R, Stephan DW. Phosphorus Coordination Chemistry in Catalysis: Air Stable P(III)-Dications as Lewis Acid Catalysts for the Allylation of C–F Bonds. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S. Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - James H. W. LaFortune
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Haley Cummings
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ryan Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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12
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Sham T, Ragogna PJ. Antimony‐Functionalized Phosphine‐Based Photopolymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Tsun‐Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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13
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Sham TK, Ragogna PJ. Antimony-Functionalized Phosphine-Based Photopolymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13252-13256. [PMID: 30011124 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of phosphane-ene photopolymer networks, where the networks are composed of crosslinked tertiary alkyl phosphines are reported. Taking advantage of the rich coordination chemistry of alkyl phosphines, stibino-phosphonium and stibino-bis(phosphonium) functionalized polymer networks could be generated. Small-molecule stibino-phosphonium and stibino-bis(phosphonium) compounds have been well characterized previously and were used as models for spectroscopic comparison to the macromolecular analogues by NMR and XANES spectroscopy. This work reveals that the physical and electronic properties of the materials can be tuned depending on the type of coordination environment. These materials can be used as ceramic precursors, where the Sb-functionalized polymers influence the composition of the resulting ceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Tsun-Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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14
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West JK, Stahl L. Reactions of Germylenes and Stannylenes with Halo(hydrocarbyl)- and Chloro(amino)phosphines: Oxidative Addition versus Ligand Transfer. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12728-12738. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand
Forks, North Dakota 58202-9024, United States
| | - Lothar Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand
Forks, North Dakota 58202-9024, United States
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15
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Lu JS, Yang MC, Su MD. Aluminum–phosphorus triple bonds: Do substituents make Al P synthetically accessible? Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Morosaki T, Fujii T. Recent Advances in Heteroatom-Stabilized Carbones and Their Metal Complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Green MLH, Parkin G. The classification and representation of main group element compounds that feature three-center four-electron interactions. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18784-18795. [PMID: 27845802 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a means to classify and represent compounds that feature 3-center 4-electron (3c-4e) interactions in terms of the number of electrons that each atom contributes to the interaction. Specifically, Class I 3c-4e interactions are classified as those in which two atoms provide one electron each and the third atom provides a pair of electrons (i.e. LX2), while Class II 3c-4e interactions are classified as those in which two atoms each provide a pair of electrons and the third atom contributes none (i.e. L2Z). These classes can be subcategorized according to the nature of the central atom. Thus, Class I interactions can be categorized according to whether the central atom provides one (i.e.μ-X) or two (i.e.μ-L) electrons, while Class II interactions can be categorized according to whether the central atom provides none (i.e.μ-Z) or two (i.e.μ-L) electrons. The use of appropriate structure-bonding representations for these various interactions provides a means to determine the covalent bond classification of the element of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm L H Green
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3QR.
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18
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Bamford KL, Chitnis SS, Stoddard RL, McIndoe JS, Burford N. Bond fission in monocationic frameworks: diverse fragmentation pathways for phosphinophosphonium cations. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2544-2552. [PMID: 28660025 PMCID: PMC5477047 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03804a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of phosphinophosphonium cations ([R2PPMe3]+; R = Me, Et, i Pr, t Bu, Cy, Ph and N i Pr2) have been prepared and examined by collision-induced dissociation (CID) to determine the fragmentation pathways accessible to these prototypical catena-phosphorus cations in the gas-phase. Experimental evidence for fission of P-P and P-E (E = P, C) bonds, and β-hydride elimination has been obtained. Comparison of appearance potentials for the P-P bond dissociation fragments [R2P]+ (P-P heterolysis) and [PMe3]+˙ (P-P homolysis) shows that heterolytic P-P cleavage is more sensitive than P-P homolysis towards changes in substitution at the trivalent phosphorus center. The facility of β-hydride elimination increases with the steric bulk of R in [R2PPMe3]+. A density functional theory (DFT) study modelling these observed processes in gas-phase, counterion- and solvent-free conditions, to mimic the mass spectrometric environment, was performed for derivatives of [R2PPMe3]+ (R = Me, Et, i Pr, t Bu, Ph and N i Pr2), showing good agreement with experimental trends. The unusual observation of both homolytic and heterolytic cleavage pathways for the P-P and P-C bonds reveals new insight into the fundamental aspects of bonding in monocations and undermines the use of simplistic bonding models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee L Bamford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; ; Tel: +1 250-721-7150 ; Tel: +1 250-721-7181
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; ; Tel: +1 250-721-7150 ; Tel: +1 250-721-7181
| | - Rhonda L Stoddard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; ; Tel: +1 250-721-7150 ; Tel: +1 250-721-7181
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; ; Tel: +1 250-721-7150 ; Tel: +1 250-721-7181
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; ; Tel: +1 250-721-7150 ; Tel: +1 250-721-7181
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19
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Lepetit C, Maraval V, Canac Y, Chauvin R. On the nature of the dative bond: Coordination to metals and beyond. The carbon case. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Wielandt JW, Petrie S, Kilah NL, Willis AC, Dewhurst RD, Belaj F, Orthaber A, Stranger R, Wild SB. Self-Assembly of Square-Planar Halide Complexes of Trimethylphosphine-Stabilized Diphenyl-Arsenium, -Stibenium, and -Bismuthenium Hexafluorophosphates. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Square-planar halide complexes in which four trimethylphosphine-stabilized diphenyl-stibenium or -bismuthenium ions surround a central halide ion in discrete centrosymmetrical structures of C4h symmetry have been isolated and their structures determined by X-ray crystallography. The structures are stabilized by electrostatic interactions between the halide ion and four positively charged trimethylphosphine-stabilized diphenyl-stibenium or -bismuthenium ions, as well as four edge-to-face phenyl–phenyl embraces above and below the plane containing the nine main group elements. The parent halide-free trimethylphosphine-stabilized diphenyl-arsenium, -stibenium, and -bismuthenium hexaflurophosphate complexes have also been prepared and structurally characterized.
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21
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Chitnis SS, Vos KA, Burford N, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ. Distinction between coordination and phosphine ligand oxidation: interactions of di- and triphosphines with Pn3+ (Pn = P, As, Sb, Bi). Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:685-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hard and soft acceptors react differently towards phosphine donors, defining a range of phosphine coordination chemistry outcomes for p-block elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin A. Vos
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Stn. CSC, Victoria
- Canada
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Stn. CSC, Victoria
- Canada
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22
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Wagner M, Zobel B, Dietz C, Schollmeyer D, Jurkschat K. Cyclic Dinuclear Organotin Cations Stabilized by Bulky Substituents. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagner
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie
und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zobel
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie
und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christina Dietz
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie
und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie
und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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23
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Chitnis SS, Robertson APM, Burford N, Weigand JJ, Fischer R. Synthesis and reactivity of cyclo-tetra(stibinophosphonium) tetracations: redox and coordination chemistry of phosphine-antimony complexes. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2559-2574. [PMID: 29308163 PMCID: PMC5647858 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03939d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reductive elimination of [R3PPR3]2+, [11(R)]2+, from the highly electrophilic SbIII centres in [(R3P)3Sb]3+, [8(R)]3+, gives SbI containing cations [(R3P)Sb]1+, [9(R)]1+, which assemble into frameworks identified as cyclo-tetra(stibinophosphonium) tetracations, [(R3P)4Sb4]4+, [10(R)]4+. A phosphine catalyzed mechanism is proposed for conversion of fluoroantimony complexes [(R3P)2SbF]2+, [7(R)]2+, to [10(R)]4+, and the characterization of key intermediates is presented. The results constitute evidence of a novel ligand activation pathway for phosphines in the coordination sphere of hard, electron deficient acceptors. Characterization of the associated reactants and products supports earlier, albeit less definitive, detection of analogous phosphine ligand activation in CuIII and TlIII complexes, demonstrating that these prototypical ligands can behave simultaneously as reducing agents and σ donors towards a variety of hard acceptors. The reactivity of the parent cyclo-tetra(stibinophosphonium) tetracation, [10(Me)]4+, is directed by high charge concentration and strong polarization of the P-Sb bonds. The former explains the observed facility for reductive elimination to yield elemental antimony and the latter enabled activation of P-Cl and P-H bonds to give phosphinophosphonium cations, [Me3PPR'2]1+, including the first example of an H-phosphinophosphonium, [(Me3P)P(H)R']1+, and 2-phosphino-1,3-diphosphonium cations, [(Me3P)2PR']2+. Exchange of a phosphine ligand in [10(Me)]4+ with [nacnac]1- gives [(Me3P)3Sb4(nacnac)]3+, [15(Me)]3+, and with dmap gives [(Me3P)3Sb4(dmap)]4+, [16]4+. The lability of P-Sb or Sb-Sb interactions in [10(Me)]4+ has also been illustrated by characterization of heteroleptically substituted derivatives featuring PMe3 and PEt3 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1 250 721 7150
| | - Alasdair P M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1 250 721 7150
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1 250 721 7150
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , TU Dresden , 01062 , Dresden , Germany . ; Tel: +49 351 46842800
| | - Roland Fischer
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , TU Graz , 98010 , Graz , Austria . ; Tel: +43 316 87332109
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24
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Chalmers BA, Bühl M, Athukorala Arachchige KS, Slawin AMZ, Kilian P. Structural, Spectroscopic and Computational Examination of the Dative Interaction in Constrained Phosphine-Stibines and Phosphine-Stiboranes. Chemistry 2015; 21:7520-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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