1
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Forbes R, Hockett P, Leterrier Q, Lausten R. Efficient (∼10 %) generation of vacuum ultraviolet femtosecond pulses via four-wave mixing in hollow-core fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3178-3181. [PMID: 38824357 DOI: 10.1364/ol.524719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
We report the generation of the fifth harmonic of Ti:sapphire, at 160 nm, with more than 4 µJ of pulse energy and a pulse length of 37 fs with a 1 kHz repetition rate. The vacuum ultraviolet pulses are produced using four-wave difference frequency mixing in a He-filled stretched hollow-core fiber, driven by a pump at 267 nm and seeded at 800 nm. Guided by simulations using Luna.jl, we are able to optimize the process carefully. The result is a conversion efficiency of ∼10% from the 267 nm pump beam.
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2
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Awoke YA, Tsai MC, Adam DB, Ayele AA, Yang SC, Huang WH, Chen JL, Pao CW, Mou CY, Su WN, Hwang BJ. The synergistic effect Pt1-W dual sites as a highly active and durable catalyst for electrochemical methanol oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Chergui M. Launching Structural Dynamics. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:060401. [PMID: 33415180 PMCID: PMC7771997 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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4
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Cannelli O, Bacellar C, Ingle RA, Bohinc R, Kinschel D, Bauer B, Ferreira DS, Grolimund D, Mancini GF, Chergui M. Toward time-resolved laser T-jump/X-ray probe spectroscopy in aqueous solutions. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:064303. [PMID: 31832487 PMCID: PMC6906120 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most chemical and biochemical reactions in nature and in industrial processes are driven by thermal effects that bring the reactants above the energy barrier for reaction. In aqueous solutions, this process can also be triggered by the laser driven temperature jump (T-jump) method, in which the water vibrational (stretch, bend, or combination) modes are excited by a short laser pulse, leading to a temperature increase in the irradiated volume within a few picoseconds. The combination of the laser T-jump with X-ray spectroscopic probes would add element-specificity as well as sensitivity to the structure, the oxidation state, and the spin state of the intermediates of reactions. Here, we present preliminary results of a near infrared pump/X-ray absorption spectroscopy probe to study the ligand exchange of an octahedral aqueous Cobalt complex, which is known to pass through intermediate steps yielding tetrahedral chlorinated as final species. The structural changes of the chemical reaction are monitored with great sensitivity, even in the presence of a mild local increase in temperature. This work opens perspectives for the study of non-light-driven reactions using time-resolved X-ray spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cannelli
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Bacellar
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R A Ingle
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Bohinc
- Laboratory of Femtochemistry-MicroXAS, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 PSI Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D Kinschel
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Bauer
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Femtochemistry-MicroXAS, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 PSI Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D Grolimund
- Laboratory of Femtochemistry-MicroXAS, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 PSI Villigen, Switzerland
| | - G F Mancini
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Park SH, Yoon J, Kim C, Hwang C, Kim DH, Lee SH, Kwon S. Scientific instruments for soft X-ray photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy on the PAL-XFEL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1031-1036. [PMID: 31274424 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519004272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An overview is given of the soft X-ray photon-in/photon-out instruments on the free-electron laser (FEL) beamline at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, and selected commissioning results are presented. The FEL beamline provides a photon energy of 270 to 1200 eV, with an energy bandwidth of 0.44%, an energy of 200 µJ per pulse and a pulse width of <50 fs (full width at half-maximum). The estimated total time resolution between optical laser and X-ray pulses is <100 fs. Instruments for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) have been set up. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra for a Co/Pt multilayer film and RIXS spectra for α-Fe2O3(100) have been obtained and the performance of the spectrometer has been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Han Park
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungbum Yoon
- Spin Convergence Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Spin Convergence Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyong Hwang
- Spin Convergence Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Lee
- Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonnam Kwon
- PAL-XFEL, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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6
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Abstract
This minireview aims at providing a complete survey concerning the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for time-resolved studies of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical phenomena. We will see that time resolution can range from the femto-picosecond to the second (or more) scale and that this joins the valuable throughput typical of XAS, which allows for determining the oxidation state of the investigated element, together with its local structure. We will analyze four different techniques that use different approaches to exploit the in real time capabilities of XAS. These are quick-XAS, energy dispersive XAS, pump & probe XAS and fixed-energy X-ray absorption voltammetry. In the conclusions, we will analyze possible future perspectives for these techniques.
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7
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Abela R, Beaud P, van Bokhoven JA, Chergui M, Feurer T, Haase J, Ingold G, Johnson SL, Knopp G, Lemke H, Milne CJ, Pedrini B, Radi P, Schertler G, Standfuss J, Staub U, Patthey L. Perspective: Opportunities for ultrafast science at SwissFEL. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061602. [PMID: 29376109 PMCID: PMC5758366 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the main specifications of the newly constructed Swiss Free Electron Laser, SwissFEL, and explore its potential impact on ultrafast science. In light of recent achievements at current X-ray free electron lasers, we discuss the potential territory for new scientific breakthroughs offered by SwissFEL in Chemistry, Biology, and Materials Science, as well as nonlinear X-ray science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Abela
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Paul Beaud
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, and Department of Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-FSB, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Feurer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Haase
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, and Department of Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Ingold
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Steven L Johnson
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Knopp
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Lemke
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Chris J Milne
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Bill Pedrini
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Peter Radi
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Standfuss
- Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Urs Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Luc Patthey
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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8
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Chergui M. Time-resolved X-ray spectroscopies of chemical systems: New perspectives. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:031001. [PMID: 27376102 PMCID: PMC4902826 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The past 3-5 years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of time-resolved X-ray spectroscopic studies, mainly driven by novel technical and methodological developments. The latter include (i) the high repetition rate optical pump/X-ray probe studies, which have greatly boosted the signal-to-noise ratio for picosecond (ps) X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies, while enabling ps X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) at synchrotrons; (ii) the X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) are a game changer and have allowed the first femtosecond (fs) XES and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments to be carried out; (iii) XFELs are also opening the road to the development of non-linear X-ray methods. In this perspective, I will mainly focus on the most recent technical developments and briefly address some examples of scientific questions that have been addressed thanks to them. I will look at the novel opportunities in the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , ISIC-FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Carpenter BK, Harvey JN, Orr-Ewing AJ. The Study of Reactive Intermediates in Condensed Phases. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4695-705. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry K. Carpenter
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnen Laan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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10
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Neville SP, Averbukh V, Patchkovskii S, Ruberti M, Yun R, Chergui M, Stolow A, Schuurman MS. Beyond structure: ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a probe of non-adiabatic wavepacket dynamics. Faraday Discuss 2016; 194:117-145. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00117c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excited state non-adiabatic dynamics of polyatomic molecules, leading to the coupling of structural and electronic dynamics, is a fundamentally important yet challenging problem for both experiment and theory. Ongoing developments in ultrafast extreme vacuum ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray sources present new probes of coupled electronic-structural dynamics because of their novel and desirable characteristics. As one example, inner-shell spectroscopy offers localized, atom-specific probes of evolving electronic structure and bonding (via chemical shifts). In this work, we present the first on-the-fly ultrafast X-ray time-resolved absorption spectrum simulations of excited state wavepacket dynamics: photo-excited ethylene. This was achieved by coupling the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method, employing on-the-fly dynamics simulations, with high-level algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) X-ray absorption cross-section calculations. Using the excited state dynamics of ethylene as a test case, we assessed the ability of X-ray absorption spectroscopy to project out the electronic character of complex wavepacket dynamics, and evaluated the sensitivity of the calculated spectra to large amplitude nuclear motion. In particular, we demonstrate the pronounced sensitivity of the pre-edge region of the X-ray absorption spectrum to the electronic and structural evolution of the excited-state wavepacket. We conclude that ultrafast time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy may become a powerful tool in the interrogation of excited state non-adiabatic molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitali Averbukh
- Department of Physics
- Imperial College London
- South Kensington Campus
- London
- UK
| | | | - Marco Ruberti
- Department of Physics
- Imperial College London
- South Kensington Campus
- London
- UK
| | - Renjie Yun
- Department of Physics
- Imperial College London
- South Kensington Campus
- London
- UK
| | - Majed Chergui
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS)
- Faculté des Sciences de Base
- ISIC
- Lausanne CH-1015
| | - Albert Stolow
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- National Research Council of Canada
| | - Michael S. Schuurman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- National Research Council of Canada
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11
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Bohl E, Sokół KP, Mignolet B, Thompson JOF, Johansson JO, Remacle F, Campbell EEB. Relative Photoionization Cross Sections of Super-Atom Molecular Orbitals (SAMOs) in C60. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11504-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Bohl
- EaStCHEM, School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Katarzyna P. Sokół
- EaStCHEM, School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Benoit Mignolet
- Department of Chemistry, B6c, University of Liège, B4000, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - J. Olof Johansson
- EaStCHEM, School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Francoise Remacle
- Department of Chemistry, B6c, University of Liège, B4000, Liège, Belgium
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12
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Escudero D. Quantitative prediction of photoluminescence quantum yields of phosphors from first principles. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1262-1267. [PMID: 29910882 PMCID: PMC5975840 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03153b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first quantitative prediction of the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of a series of blue-to-green Ir(iii) complexes is presented.
Optimizing the photoluminescence quantum yields of Ir(iii) complexes is the key to their application as phosphors in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). This work demonstrates for the first time that quantitative predictions of photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) in a series of blue-to-green Ir(iii) complexes can be derived exclusively from electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Escudero
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité , Synthèse , Analyse , Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6320 , BP 92208 , Université de Nantes , 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 , France .
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13
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Karunakaran V. Ultrafast Heme Dynamics of Ferric Cytochrome c in Different Environments: Electronic, Vibrational, and Conformational Relaxation. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3974-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics Section; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi 110 001 India
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14
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Abstract
The properties of transition metal complexes are interesting not only for their potential applications in solar energy conversion, OLEDs, molecular electronics, biology, photochemistry, etc. but also for their fascinating photophysical properties that call for a rethinking of fundamental concepts. With the advent of ultrafast spectroscopy over 25 years ago and, more particularly, with improvements in the past 10-15 years, a new area of study was opened that has led to insightful observations of the intramolecular relaxation processes such as internal conversion (IC), intersystem crossing (ISC), and intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR). Indeed, ultrafast optical spectroscopic tools, such as fluorescence up-conversion, show that in many cases, intramolecular relaxation processes can be extremely fast and even shorter than time scales of vibrations. In addition, more and more examples are appearing showing that ultrafast ISC rates do not scale with the magnitude of the metal spin-orbit coupling constant, that is, that there is no heavy-atom effect on ultrafast time scales. It appears that the structural dynamics of the system and the density of states play a crucial role therein. While optical spectroscopy delivers an insightful picture of electronic relaxation processes involving valence orbitals, the photophysics of metal complexes involves excitations that may be centered on the metal (called metal-centered or MC) or the ligand (called ligand-centered or LC) or involve a transition from one to the other or vice versa (called MLCT or LMCT). These excitations call for an element-specific probe of the photophysics, which is achieved by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In this case, transitions from core orbitals to valence orbitals or higher allow probing the electronic structure changes induced by the optical excitation of the valence orbitals, while also delivering information about the geometrical rearrangement of the neighbor atoms around the atom of interest. With the emergence of new instruments such as X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), it is now possible to perform ultrafast laser pump/X-ray emission probe experiments. In this case, one probes the density of occupied states. These core-level spectroscopies and other emerging ones, such as photoelectron spectroscopy of solutions, are delivering a hitherto unseen degree of detail into the photophysics of metal-based molecular complexes. In this Account, we will give examples of applications of the various methods listed above to address specific photophysical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Ultrarapide, ISIC, Faculté des Sciences de Base, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Escudero D, Jacquemin D. Computational insights into the photodeactivation dynamics of phosphors for OLEDs: a perspective. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8346-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03804e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective we highlight recent computational efforts to unravel competing photodeactivation mechanisms of radiative and non-radiative nature of phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escudero
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité
- Synthèse
- Analyse
- Modélisation (CEISAM)
- 44322 Nantes
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité
- Synthèse
- Analyse
- Modélisation (CEISAM)
- 44322 Nantes
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