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Khan AH, Ganguli A, Edirisinghe M, Dalvi SV. Experimental and Computational Investigation of Microbubble Formation in a Single Capillary Embedded T-junction Microfluidic Device. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18971-18982. [PMID: 38087401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the interest toward microfluidic devices for microbubble synthesis. The upsurge can be primarily attributed to the exceptional control these devices offer in terms of both the size and the size distribution of microbubbles. Among various microfluidic devices available, capillary-embedded T-junction microfluidic (CETM) devices have been extensively used for the synthesis of microbubbles. One distinguishing feature of CETM devices from conventional T-junction devices is the existence of a wall at the right-most end, which causes a backflow of the continuous phase at the mixing zone during microbubble formation. The back flow at the mixing zone can have several implications during microbubble formation. It can possibly affect the local velocity and shearing force at the mixing zone, which in turn can affect the size and production rate of the microbubbles. Therefore, in this work, we experimentally and computationally understand the process of microbubble formation in CETM devices. The process is modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the volume-of-fluid approach, which solves the Navier-Stokes equations for both the gas and liquid phases. Three scenarios with a constant liquid velocity of 0.053 m/s with varying gas velocity and three with a constant gas velocity of 0.049 m/s at different liquid velocities were explored. Increase in the liquid and gas velocity during microbubble formation was found to enhance production rates in both experiments and simulations. Additionally, the change in microbubble size with the change in liquid velocity was found to agree closely with the findings of the simulation with a coefficient of variation of 10%. When plotted against the time required for microbubble generation, the fluctuations in the pressure showed recurrent crests and troughs throughout the microbubble formation process. The understanding of microbubble formation in CETM devices in the presence of backflow will allow improvement in size reduction of microbubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqib H Khan
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Arijit Ganguli
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Sameer V Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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2
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Electric field assisted assembly of nanoparticle loaded microspheres toward industrial applications for organic dye removal. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Wu B, Luo CJ, Palaniappan A, Jiang X, Gultekinoglu M, Ulubayram K, Bayram C, Harker A, Shirahata N, Khan AH, Dalvi SV, Edirisinghe M. Generating Lifetime-Enhanced Microbubbles by Decorating Shells with Silicon Quantum Nano-Dots Using a 3-Series T-Junction Microfluidic Device. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10917-10933. [PMID: 36018789 PMCID: PMC9476864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term stability of microbubbles is crucial to their effectiveness. Using a new microfluidic device connecting three T-junction channels of 100 μm in series, stable monodisperse SiQD-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein microbubbles down to 22.8 ± 1.4 μm in diameter were generated. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the integration of SiQD on the microbubble surface, which retained the same morphology as those without SiQD. The microbubble diameter and stability in air were manipulated through appropriate selection of T-junction numbers, capillary diameter, liquid flow rate, and BSA and SiQD concentrations. A predictive computational model was developed from the experimental data, and the number of T-junctions was incorporated into this model as one of the variables. It was illustrated that the diameter of the monodisperse microbubbles generated can be tailored by combining up to three T-junctions in series, while the operating parameters were kept constant. Computational modeling of microbubble diameter and stability agreed with experimental data. The lifetime of microbubbles increased with increasing T-junction number and higher concentrations of BSA and SiQD. The present research sheds light on a potential new route employing SiQD and triple T-junctions to form stable, monodisperse, multi-layered, and well-characterized protein and quantum dot-loaded protein microbubbles with enhanced stability for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University College
London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - C. J. Luo
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University College
London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Ashwin Palaniappan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University College
London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University College
London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Merve Gultekinoglu
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Cem Bayram
- Nanotechnology
and Nanomedicine Division, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science
& Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Anthony Harker
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Naoto Shirahata
- WPI
International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Aaqib H. Khan
- Chemical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Sameer V. Dalvi
- Chemical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University College
London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
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4
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Khan AH, Jiang X, Kaushik A, Nair HS, Edirisinghe M, Mercado-Shekhar KP, Shekhar H, Dalvi SV. Combining Ultrasound and Capillary-Embedded T-Junction Microfluidic Devices to Scale Up the Production of Narrow-Sized Microbubbles through Acoustic Fragmentation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10288-10304. [PMID: 35943351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are tiny gas-filled bubbles that have a variety of applications in ultrasound imaging and therapeutic drug delivery. Microbubbles can be synthesized using a number of techniques including sonication, amalgamation, and saline shaking. These approaches can produce highly concentrated microbubble suspensions but offer minimal control over the size and polydispersity of the microbubbles. One of the simplest and effective methods for producing monodisperse microbubbles is capillary-embedded T-junction microfluidic devices, which offer great control over the microbubble size. However, lower production rates (∼200 bubbles/s) and large microbubble sizes (∼300 μm) limit the applicability of such devices for biomedical applications. To overcome the limitations of these technologies, we demonstrate in this work an alternative approach to combine a capillary-embedded T-junction device with ultrasound to enhance the generation of narrow-sized microbubbles in aqueous suspensions. Two T-junction microfluidic devices were connected in parallel and combined with an ultrasonic horn to produce lipid-coated SF6 core microbubbles in the size range of 1-8 μm. The rate of microbubble production was found to increase from 180 microbubbles/s in the absence of ultrasound to (6.5 ± 1.2) × 106 bubble/s in the presence of ultrasound (100% ultrasound amplitude). When stored in a closed environment, the microbubbles were observed to be stable for up to 30 days, with the concentration of the microbubble suspension decreasing from ∼2.81 × 109/mL to ∼2.3 × 106/mL and the size changing from 1.73 ± 0.2 to 1.45 ± 0.3 μm at the end of 30 days. The acoustic response of these microbubbles was examined using broadband attenuation spectroscopy, and flow phantom imaging was performed to determine the ability of these microbubble suspensions to enhance the contrast relative to the surrounding tissue. Overall, this approach of coupling ultrasound with microfluidic parallelization enabled the continuous production of stable microbubbles at high production rates and low polydispersity using simple T-junction devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqib H Khan
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Anuj Kaushik
- Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Hari S Nair
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Karla P Mercado-Shekhar
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Himanshu Shekhar
- Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Sameer V Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
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5
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Khan AH, Surwase S, Jiang X, Edirisinghe M, Dalvi SV. Enhancing In Vitro Stability of Albumin Microbubbles Produced Using Microfluidic T-Junction Device. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5052-5062. [PMID: 34264681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an efficient technique for continuous synthesis of monodispersed microbubbles. However, microbubbles produced using microfluidic devices possess lower stability due to quick dissolution of core gas when exposed to an aqueous environment. This work aims at generating highly stable monodispersed albumin microbubbles using microfluidic T-junction devices. Microbubble generation was facilitated by an aqueous phase consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein and nitrogen (N2) gas. Microbubbles were chemically cross-linked using dilute glutaraldehyde (0.75% v/v) solution and thermally cross-linked by collecting microbubbles in hot water maintained at 368 (±2) K. These microbubbles were then subjected to in vitro dissolution in an air-saturated water. Microbubbles cross-linked with a combined treatment of thermal and chemical cross-linking (TC & CC) had longer dissolution time compared to microbubbles chemically cross-linked (CC) alone, thermally cross-linked (TC) alone, and non-cross-linked microbubbles. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy analysis revealed that percent reduction in alpha-helices of BSA was higher for the combined treatment of TC & CC when compared to other treatments. In contrast to non-cross-linked microbubbles where microbubble shell dissolved completely, a significant shell detachment was observed during the final phase of the dissolution for cross-linked microbubbles captured using high speed camera, depending upon the extent of cross-linking of the microbubble shell. SEM micrographs of the microbubble shell revealed the shell thickness of microbubbles treated with TC & CC to be highest compared to only thermally or only chemically cross-linked microbubbles. Comparison of microbubble dissolution data to a mass transfer model showed that shell resistance to gas permeation was highest for microbubbles subjected to a combined treatment of TC & CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqib H Khan
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat India
| | - Swarupkumar Surwase
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat India
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer V Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat India
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6
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Lian X, Song C, Wang Y. Regulating the Oil-Water Interface to Construct Double Emulsions: Current Understanding and Their Biomedical Applications. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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7
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Preparation of Nanoparticle-Loaded Microbubbles via an Electrohydrodynamic Atomization Process. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles have been widely used in many research fields due to their outstanding physicochemical properties and unique structural characteristics, especially as ultrasonic contrast agents and drug delivery carriers. However, the stability of conventional microbubbles is generally poor, which limits the development of their applications. Loading nanoparticle to microbubbles has great potential in enhancing the stability of microbubbles. This paper reports for the first time the feasibility of one-step preparation of nanoparticle-loaded microbubbles by coaxial electrohydrodynamic atomization. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the model material of the bubble shell layer to study the effect of the loading of nanoparticles on the stability of microbubbles. The results show that the concentration of nanoparticles has a significant impact on the stability of microbubbles, and loading an appropriate amount of nanoparticles is helpful in improving the stability of microbubbles. The results also show that nanoparticle-loaded microbubbles with a size distribution in the range of 120–200 μm can be prepared under optimal conditions.
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8
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Carugo D, Browning RJ, Iranmanesh I, Messaoudi W, Rademeyer P, Stride E. Scaleable production of microbubbles using an ultrasound-modulated microfluidic device. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:1577. [PMID: 34470259 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-coated gas microbubbles are widely used as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging and increasingly in therapeutic applications. The response of microbubbles to ultrasound can be strongly influenced by their size and coating properties, and hence the production method. Ultrasonic emulsification (sonication) is the most commonly employed method and can generate high concentrations of microbubbles rapidly, but with a broad size distribution, and there is a risk of contamination and/or degradation of sensitive components. Microfluidic devices provide excellent control over microbubble size, but are often challenging or costly to manufacture, offer low production rates (<106s-1), and are prone to clogging. In this study, a hybrid sonication-microfluidic or "sonofluidic" device was developed. Bubbles of ∼180 μm diameter were produced rapidly in a T-junction and subsequently exposed to ultrasound (71-73 kHz) within a microchannel, generating microbubbles (mean diameter: 1-2 μm) at a rate of >108s-1 using a single device. Microbubbles were prepared using either the sonofluidic device or conventional sonication, and their size, concentration, and stability were comparable. The mean diameter, concentration, and stability were found to be comparable between techniques, but the microbubbles produced by the sonofluidic device were all <5 μm in diameter and thus did not require any post-production fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Carugo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Browning
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Iranmanesh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Walid Messaoudi
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Rademeyer
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Stride E, Segers T, Lajoinie G, Cherkaoui S, Bettinger T, Versluis M, Borden M. Microbubble Agents: New Directions. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1326-1343. [PMID: 32169397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbubble ultrasound contrast agents have now been in use for several decades and their safety and efficacy in a wide range of diagnostic applications have been well established. Recent progress in imaging technology is facilitating exciting developments in techniques such as molecular, 3-D and super resolution imaging and new agents are now being developed to meet their specific requirements. In parallel, there have been significant advances in the therapeutic applications of microbubbles, with recent clinical trials demonstrating drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier and into solid tumours. New agents are similarly being tailored toward these applications, including nanoscale microbubble precursors offering superior circulation times and tissue penetration. The development of novel agents does, however, present several challenges, particularly regarding the regulatory framework. This article reviews the developments in agents for diagnostic, therapeutic and "theranostic" applications; novel manufacturing techniques; and the opportunities and challenges for their commercial and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tim Segers
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Samir Cherkaoui
- Bracco Suisse SA - Business Unit Imaging, Global R&D, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Bettinger
- Bracco Suisse SA - Business Unit Imaging, Global R&D, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Borden
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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10
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Aron M, Vince O, Gray M, Mannaris C, Stride E. Investigating the Role of Lipid Transfer in Microbubble-Mediated Drug Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13205-13215. [PMID: 31517490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation, the permeabilization of cell membranes following exposure to microbubbles and ultrasound, has considerable potential for therapeutic delivery. To date, engineering of microbubbles for these applications has focused primarily upon optimizing microbubble size and stability, or attachment of targeting species and/or drug molecules. In this work, it is demonstrated that the microbubble coating can also be tailored to directly influence cell permeabilization. Specifically, lipid exchange mechanisms between phospholipid microbubbles and cells can be exploited to significantly increase sonoporation efficiency in vitro. A theoretical analysis of the energy required for pore formation was carried out. From this, it was hypothesized that sonoporation could be promoted by the transfer of lipid molecules with appropriate carbon chain length and/or shape (cylindrical or conical). Spectral imaging with a hydration-sensitive membrane probe (C-Laurdan) was used to measure changes in the membrane lipid order of A-549 cancer cells following exposure to suspensions of different phospholipids. Two candidate lipids were identified, a short-chain-length phospholipid (1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC)) and a medium-chain-length lysolipid (1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (16:0 lyso-PC)). Microbubbles were prepared with matched concentrations, size distributions, and acoustic responses. Confocal microscopy was used to measure cell uptake of a model drug (propidium iodide) with and without ultrasound exposure (1 MHz, 250 kPa peak negative pressure, 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency, 10% duty cycle, 15 s exposure). Despite significantly decreasing the cell membrane lipid order, DLPC did not increase sonoporation. Microbubbles containing 16:0 lyso-PC, however, produced a ∼5-fold increase in sonoporation compared to control microbubbles. Importantly, the lyso-PC molecules were incorporated into the microbubble coating and did not affect cell permeability prior to ultrasound exposure. These findings indicate that microbubbles can be engineered to exploit lipid exchange between microbubble shells and cell membranes to enhance drug delivery, a new optimization route that may lead to enhanced therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound-mediated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Aron
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Oliver Vince
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Michael Gray
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Christophoros Mannaris
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
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Chen Z, Pulsipher KW, Chattaraj R, Hammer DA, Sehgal CM, Lee D. Engineering the Echogenic Properties of Microfluidic Microbubbles Using Mixtures of Recombinant Protein and Amphiphilic Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10079-10086. [PMID: 30768278 PMCID: PMC6698903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are used as ultrasound contrast agents in medical diagnosis and also have shown great promise in ultrasound-mediated therapy. However, short lifetime and broad size distribution of microbubbles limit their applications in therapy and imaging. Moreover, it is challenging to tailor the echogenic response of microbubbles to make them suitable for specific applications. To overcome these challenges, we use microfluidic flow-focusing to prepare monodisperse microbubbles with a mixture of a recombinant amphiphilic protein, oleosin, and a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer, Pluronic. We show that these microbubbles have superior uniformity and stability under ultrasonic stimulation compared to commercial agents. We also demonstrate that by using different Pluronics, the echogenic response of the microbubbles can be tailored. Our work shows the versatility of using the combination of microfluidics and protein/copolymer mixtures as a method of engineering microbubbles. This tunability could potentially be important and powerful in producing microbubble agents for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Katherine W. Pulsipher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rajarshi Chattaraj
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chandra M. Sehgal
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Kothandaraman A, Alfadhl Y, Qureshi M, Edirisinghe M, Ventikos Y. Effect of the Mixing Region Geometry and Collector Distance on Microbubble Formation in a Microfluidic Device Coupled with ac-dc Electric Fields. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10052-10060. [PMID: 30995839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a significant advance in the preparation of monodisperse microbubbles using a combination of microfluidic and electric field technologies. Microbubbles have been employed in various fields such as biomedical engineering, water purification, and food engineering. Many techniques have been investigated for their preparation. Of these, the microfluidic T-junction has shown great potential because of the high degree of control it has over processing parameters and the ability to produce monodisperse microbubbles. Two main lines of investigation were conducted in this work-the effect of varying the mixing region distance (Mx) and the influence of altering the tip-to-collector distance (Dx) when an ac-dc field is applied. It was found that when Mx was decreased from 200 to 100 μm, the microbubble diameter also decreased from 128 ± 3 to 88 ± 5 μm due to an increase in shear stress as a result of a reduction in surface area. Similarly, decreasing the tip-to-collector distance results in an increase in the electric field strength experienced at the nozzle, facilitating further reduction of the bubble diameter from 111 ± 1 to 86 ± 1 μm at an ac voltage of 6 kV P-P and an applied dc voltage of 6 kV. Experiments conducted with the optimal parameters identified from these previous experiments enabled further reduction of the microbubble diameter to 18 ± 2 μm. These results suggest that a unique combination of parameters can be employed to achieve particular microbubble diameters to suit various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Kothandaraman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University College London , London WC1E 7JE , United Kingdom
| | - Yasir Alfadhl
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science , Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Qureshi
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science , Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University College London , London WC1E 7JE , United Kingdom
| | - Yiannis Ventikos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University College London , London WC1E 7JE , United Kingdom
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13
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Chen Z, Chattaraj R, Pulsipher KW, Karmacharya MB, Hammer DA, Lee D, Sehgal CM. Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Dual-Mode Imaging via Functionalization of Recombinant Protein-Stabilized Microbubbles with Methylene Blue. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4020-4026. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rajarshi Chattaraj
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - Mrigendra B. Karmacharya
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | | | - Chandra M. Sehgal
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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14
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Abou-Saleh RH, McLaughlan JR, Bushby RJ, Johnson BR, Freear S, Evans SD, Thomson NH. Molecular Effects of Glycerol on Lipid Monolayers at the Gas-Liquid Interface: Impact on Microbubble Physical and Mechanical Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10097-10105. [PMID: 30901226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The production and stability of microbubbles (MBs) is enhanced by increasing the viscosity of both the formation and storage solution, respectively. Glycerol is a good candidate for biomedical applications of MBs, since it is biocompatible, although the exact molecular mechanisms of its action is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the influence glycerol has on lipid-shelled MB properties, using a range of techniques. Population lifetime and single bubble stability were studied using optical microscopy. Bubble stiffness measured by AFM compression is compared with lipid monolayer behavior in a Langmuir-Blodgett trough. We deduce that increasing glycerol concentrations enhances stability of MB populations through a 3-fold mechanism. First, binding of glycerol to lipid headgroups in the interfacial monolayer up to 10% glycerol increases MB stiffness but has limited impact on shell resistance to gas permeation and corresponding MB lifetime. Second, increased solution viscosity above 10% glycerol slows down the kinetics of gas transfer, markedly increasing MB stability. Third, above 10%, glycerol induces water structuring around the lipid monolayer, forming a glassy layer which also increases MB stiffness and resistance to gas loss. At 30% glycerol, the glassy layer is ablated, lowering the MB stiffness, but MB stability is further augmented. Although the molecular interactions of glycerol with the lipid monolayer modulate the MB lipid shell properties, MB lifetime continually increases from 0 to 30% glycerol, indicating that its viscosity is the dominant effect on MB solution stability. This three-fold action and biocompatibility makes glycerol ideal for therapeutic MB formation and storage and gives new insight into the action of glycerol on lipid monolayers at the gas-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa H Abou-Saleh
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - James R McLaughlan
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research , University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital , Leeds LS9 7TF , United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Bushby
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin R Johnson
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Steven Freear
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Evans
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Neil H Thomson
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9LU , United Kingdom
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15
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Das PP, Huda MK, Saikia PJ, Baruah SD. Study of the formation of biodegradable polycaprolactone particles using solvent evaporation method. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1547112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal P. Das
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Muhsina K. Huda
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Prakash J. Saikia
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Shashi D. Baruah
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
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16
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Mehta P, Zaman A, Smith A, Rasekh M, Haj‐Ahmad R, Arshad MS, der Merwe S, Chang M, Ahmad Z. Broad Scale and Structure Fabrication of Healthcare Materials for Drug and Emerging Therapies via Electrohydrodynamic Techniques. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prina Mehta
- Leicester School of PharmacyDe Montfort University Leicester LE1 9BH UK
| | - Aliyah Zaman
- Leicester School of PharmacyDe Montfort University Leicester LE1 9BH UK
| | - Ashleigh Smith
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesSt. Michael's BuildingUniversity of Portsmouth White Swan Road Portsmouth PO1 2DT UK
| | - Manoochehr Rasekh
- Leicester School of PharmacyDe Montfort University Leicester LE1 9BH UK
| | - Rita Haj‐Ahmad
- Leicester School of PharmacyDe Montfort University Leicester LE1 9BH UK
| | | | - Susanna der Merwe
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesSt. Michael's BuildingUniversity of Portsmouth White Swan Road Portsmouth PO1 2DT UK
| | - M.‐W. Chang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness AppraisalZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Z. Ahmad
- Leicester School of PharmacyDe Montfort University Leicester LE1 9BH UK
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17
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Boda SK, Li X, Xie J. Electrospraying an enabling technology for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications: A review. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 2018; 125:164-181. [PMID: 30662086 PMCID: PMC6333098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrospraying (ES) is a robust and versatile technique for the fabrication of micro- and nanoparticulate materials of various compositions, morphologies, shapes, textures and sizes. The physics of ES provides a great degree of flexibility towards the materials design of choice with desired physicochemical and biological properties. Not surprising, this technology has become an important tool for the production of micro- and nanostructured materials, especially in the pharmaceutical and biomedical arena. In this review, a basic introduction to the fundamentals of ES along with a brief description of the experimental parameters that can be manipulated to obtain micro- and nanostructured materials of desired composition, size, and configuration are outlined. A greater focus of this review is to bring to light the broad range of electrosprayed materials and their applications in drug delivery, biomedical imaging, implant coating, tissue engineering, and sensing. Taken together, this review will provide an appreciation of this unique technology, which can be used to fabricate micro- and nanostructured materials with tremendous applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Boda
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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18
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Novel Preparation of Monodisperse Microbubbles by Integrating Oscillating Electric Fields with Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9100497. [PMID: 30424430 PMCID: PMC6215214 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microbubbles generated by microfluidic techniques have gained substantial interest in various industries such as cosmetics, food engineering, and the biomedical field. The microfluidic T-junction provides exquisite control over processing parameters, however, it relies on pressure driven flows only; therefore, bubble size variation is limited especially for viscous solutions. A novel set-up to superimpose an alternating current (AC) oscillation onto a direct current (DC) field is invented in this work, capitalising on the possibility to excite bubble resonance phenomenon and properties, and introducing relevant parameters such as frequency, AC voltage, and waveform to further control bubble size. A capillary embedded T-junction microfluidic device fitted with a stainless-steel capillary was utilised for microbubble formation. Furthermore, a numerical model of the T-junction was developed by integrating the volume of fluid (VOF) method with the electric module; simulation results were attained for the formation of the microbubbles with a particular focus on the flow fields along the detachment of the emerging bubble. Two main types of experiments were conducted in this framework: the first was to test the effect of applied AC voltage magnitude and the second was to vary the applied frequency. Experimental results indicated that higher frequencies have a pronounced effect on the bubble diameter within the 100 Hz and 2.2 kHz range, whereas elevated AC voltages tend to promote bubble elongation and growth. Computational results suggest there is a uniform velocity field distribution along the bubble upon application of a superimposed field and that microbubble detachment is facilitated by the recirculation of the dispersed phase. Furthermore, an ideal range of parameters exists to tailor monodisperse bubble size for specific applications.
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19
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Toshiyuki Matsumi C, José da Silva W, Kurt Schneider F, Miguel Maia J, E M Morales R, Duarte Araújo Filho W. Micropipette-Based Microfluidic Device for Monodisperse Microbubbles Generation. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9080387. [PMID: 30424320 PMCID: PMC6187383 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles have various applications including their use as carrier agents for localized delivery of genes and drugs and in medical diagnostic imagery. Various techniques are used for the production of monodisperse microbubbles including the Gyratory, the coaxial electro-hydrodynamic atomization (CEHDA), the sonication methods, and the use of microfluidic devices. Some of these techniques require safety procedures during the application of intense electric fields (e.g., CEHDA) or soft lithography equipment for the production of microfluidic devices. This study presents a hybrid manufacturing process using micropipettes and 3D printing for the construction of a T-Junction microfluidic device resulting in simple and low cost generation of monodisperse microbubbles. In this work, microbubbles with an average size of 16.6 to 57.7 μm and a polydispersity index (PDI) between 0.47% and 1.06% were generated. When the device is used at higher bubble production rate, the average diameter was 42.8 μm with increased PDI of 3.13%. In addition, a second-order polynomial characteristic curve useful to estimate micropipette internal diameter necessary to generate a desired microbubble size is presented and a linear relationship between the ratio of gaseous and liquid phases flows and the ratio of microbubble and micropipette diameters (i.e., Qg/Ql and Db/Dp) was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Toshiyuki Matsumi
- Department of Electronics, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina (IFSC), Joinville, SC 89220-618, Brazil.
| | - Wilson José da Silva
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI) and Electronics Engineering Department (DAELN), Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR 80230-901, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Kurt Schneider
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI) and Electronics Engineering Department (DAELN), Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR 80230-901, Brazil.
| | - Joaquim Miguel Maia
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI) and Electronics Engineering Department (DAELN), Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR 80230-901, Brazil.
| | - Rigoberto E M Morales
- Graduate Program in Mechanical and Material Engineering (PPGEM) and Department of Mechanics (DAMEC), Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR 80230-901, Brazil.
| | - Walter Duarte Araújo Filho
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences (DCET), University of the State of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador, BA 41150-000, Brazil.
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20
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Salari A, Gnyawali V, Griffiths IM, Karshafian R, Kolios MC, Tsai SSH. Shrinking microbubbles with microfluidics: mathematical modelling to control microbubble sizes. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8796-8806. [PMID: 29135012 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01418j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles have applications in industry and life-sciences. In medicine, small encapsulated bubbles (<10 μm) are desirable because of their utility in drug/oxygen delivery, sonoporation, and ultrasound diagnostics. While there are various techniques for generating microbubbles, microfluidic methods are distinguished due to their precise control and ease-of-fabrication. Nevertheless, sub-10 μm diameter bubble generation using microfluidics remains challenging, and typically requires expensive equipment and cumbersome setups. Recently, our group reported a microfluidic platform that shrinks microbubbles to sub-10 μm diameters. The microfluidic platform utilizes a simple microbubble-generating flow-focusing geometry, integrated with a vacuum shrinkage system, to achieve microbubble sizes that are desirable in medicine, and pave the way to eventual clinical uptake of microfluidically generated microbubbles. A theoretical framework is now needed to relate the size of the microbubbles produced and the system's input parameters. In this manuscript, we characterize microbubbles made with various lipid concentrations flowing in solutions that have different interfacial tensions, and monitor the changes in bubble size along the microfluidic channel under various vacuum pressures. We use the physics governing the shrinkage mechanism to develop a mathematical model that predicts the resulting bubble sizes and elucidates the dominant parameters controlling bubble sizes. The model shows a good agreement with the experimental data, predicting the resulting microbubble sizes under different experimental input conditions. We anticipate that the model will find utility in enabling users of the microfluidic platform to engineer bubbles of specific sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salari
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Lee S, Al-Kaabi L, Mawart A, Khandoker A, Alsafar H, Jelinek HF, Khalaf K, Park JH, Kim YC. Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery by gas bubbles generated from a chemical reaction. J Drug Target 2017; 26:172-181. [PMID: 28693344 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1354001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly echogenic and ultrasound-responsive microbubbles such as nitrogen and perfluorocarbons have been exploited as ultrasound-mediated drug carriers. Here, we propose an innovative method for drug delivery using microbubbles generated from a chemical reaction. In a novel drug delivery system, luminol encapsulated in folate-conjugated bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (Fol-BSAN) can generate nitrogen gas (N2) by chemical reaction when it reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer and elevated ROS have been observed in cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. High-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU) is used to burst the N2 microbubbles, causing site-specific delivery of anticancer drugs such as methotrexate. In this research, the drug delivery system was optimised by using water-soluble luminol and Mobil Composition of Matter-41 (MCM-41), a mesoporous material, so that the delivery system was sensitive to micromolar concentrations of H2O2. HIFU increased the drug release from Fol-BSAN by 52.9 ± 2.9% in 10 minutes. The cytotoxicity of methotrexate was enhanced when methotrexate is delivered to MDA-MB-231, a metastatic human breast cancer cell line, using Fol-BSAN with HIFU. We anticipate numerous applications of chemically generated microbubbles for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmun Lee
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Khalifa University of Science Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Leena Al-Kaabi
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Khalifa University of Science Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Aurélie Mawart
- b Khalifa University Center of Excellence in Biotechnology , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahsan Khandoker
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Khalifa University of Science Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Khalifa University of Science Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates.,b Khalifa University Center of Excellence in Biotechnology , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- c Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt University , Albury , Australia
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Khalifa University of Science Technology and Research , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- d Department of Bio and Brain Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- e Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , South Korea
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22
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Appold L, Shi Y, Rütten S, Kühne A, Pich A, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Physicochemical Characterization of the Shell Composition of PBCA-Based Polymeric Microbubbles. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28371270 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbubbles (MB) are routinely used as contrast agents for ultrasound (US) imaging. In recent years, MB have also attracted interest as drug delivery systems. Soft-shelled lipidic MB tend to be more advantageous for US imaging, while hard-shelled polymeric MB appear to be more suitable for drug delivery purposes because of their thicker shell and the resulting higher drug loading capacity. The physicochemical composition of the shell of polymeric MB, however, remains largely unknown. This study sets out to evaluate the molecular weight and polydispersity of the building blocks constituting the shell of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) MB. Several different PBCA MB were synthesized, varying preparation parameters such as pH, surfactant, stirring speed, and stirring time. Using gel permeation chromatography, it is found that the number average molecular weight (M n ) of the polymer chains in the shell of PBCA MB is 4 kDa, and that >99% of the polymer chains are below 40 kDa. This demonstrates that virtually all polymeric building blocks in the shell of PBCA MB have a size which allows for renal excretion, thereby supporting their use for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Appold
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yang Shi
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscopic Facility, University Hospital RWTH, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kühne
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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23
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Elsayed M, Kothandaraman A, Edirisinghe M, Huang J. Porous Polymeric Films from Microbubbles Generated Using a T-Junction Microfluidic Device. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13377-13385. [PMID: 27993032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a simple microfluidic junction with a T geometry and coarse (200 μm diameter) capillaries was used to generate monodisperse microbubbles with an alginate polymer shell. Subsequently, these bubbles were used to prepare porous alginate films with good control over the pore structure. The lack of pore size, shape, and surface control in scalable forming of polymeric films is a major application-limiting drawback at present. Controlling the thinning process of the shell of the bubbles to tune the surface of the resulting structures was also explored. Films were prepared with nanopatterned surfaces by controlling the thinning of the bubble shell, with the aid of surfactants, to induce efficient bursting (fragmentation) of bubbles to generate nanodroplets, which become embedded within the film surface. This novel feature greatly expands and enhances the use of hydrophilic polymers in a wide range of biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery and tissue engineering, such as studying cellular responses to different morphological surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elsayed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - A Kothandaraman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - M Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - J Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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24
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Xie X, Lin W, Li M, Yang Y, Deng J, Liu H, Chen Y, Fu X, Liu H, Yang Y. Efficient siRNA Delivery Using Novel Cell-Penetrating Peptide-siRNA Conjugate-Loaded Nanobubbles and Ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:1362-1374. [PMID: 27012462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Because of the absence of tolerable and effective carriers for in vivo delivery, the applications of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the clinic for therapeutic purposes have been limited. In this study, development of a novel siRNA delivery system based on ultrasound-sensitive nanobubbles (NBs, nano-sized echogenic liposomes) and cell-permeable peptides (CPPs) is described. A CPP-siRNA conjugate was entrapped in an NB, (CPP-siRNA)-NB, and the penetration of CPP-siRNA was temporally masked; local ultrasound stimulation triggered the release of CPP-siRNA from the NBs and activated its penetration. Subsequent research revealed that the (CPP-siRNA)-NBs had a mean particle size of 201 ± 2.05 nm and a siRNA entrapment efficiency >85%. In vitro release results indicated that >90% of the encapsulated CPP-siRNA was released from NBs in the presence of ultrasound, whereas <1.5% (30 min) was released in the absence of ultrasound. Cell experiments indicated higher cellular CPP-siRNA uptake of (CPP-siRNA)-NBs with ultrasound among the various formulations in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (HT-1080). Additionally, after systemic administration in mice, (CPP-siRNA)-NBs accumulated in the tumor, augmented c-myc silencing and delayed tumor progression. In conclusion, the application of (CPP-siRNA)-NBs with ultrasound may constitute an approach to selective targeted delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianping Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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25
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Shih R, Lee AP. Post-Formation Shrinkage and Stabilization of Microfluidic Bubbles in Lipid Solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1939-1946. [PMID: 26820229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Medical ultrasound imaging often employs ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), injectable microbubbles stabilized by shells or membranes. In tissue, the compressible gas cores can strongly scatter acoustic signals, resonate, and emit harmonics. However, bubbles generated by conventional methods have nonuniform sizes, reducing the fraction that resonates with a given transducer. Microfluidic flow-focusing is an alternative production method which generates highly monodisperse bubbles with uniform constituents, enabling more-efficient contrast enhancement than current UCAs. Production size is tunable by adjusting gas pressure and solution flow rate, but solution effects on downstream stable size and lifetime have not been closely examined. This study therefore investigated several solution parameters, including the DSPC/DSPE-PEG2000 lipid ratio, concentration, viscosity, and preparation temperature to determine their effects on stabilization. It was found that bubble lifetime roughly correlated with stable size, which in turn was strongly influenced by primary-lipid-to-emulsifier ratio, analogous to its effects on conventional bubble yield and Langmuir-trough compressibility in existing studies. Raising DSPE-PEG2000 fraction in solution reduced bubble surface area in proportion to its reduction of lipid packing density at low compression in literature. In addition, the surface area was found to increase proportionately with lipid concentration above 2.1 mM. However, viscosities above or below 2.3-3.3 mPa·s seemed to reduce bubble size. Finally, lipid preparation at room temperature led to smaller bubbles compared to preparation near or above the primary lipid's phase transition point. Understanding these effects will further improve on postformation control over microfluidic bubble production, and facilitate size-tuning for optimal contrast enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Shih
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine , 3406 Engineering Hall, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Abraham P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine , 3406 Engineering Hall, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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26
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Abstract
In recent decades ultrasound-guided delivery of drugs loaded on nanocarriers has been the focus of increasing attention to improve therapeutic treatments. Ultrasound has often been used in combination with microbubbles, micron-sized spherical gas-filled structures stabilized by a shell, to amplify the biophysical effects of the ultrasonic field. Nanometer size bubbles are defined nanobubbles. They were designed to obtain more efficient drug delivery systems. Indeed, their small sizes allow extravasation from blood vessels into surrounding tissues and ultrasound-targeted site-specific release with minimal invasiveness. Additionally, nanobubbles might be endowed with improved stability and longer residence time in systemic circulation. This review will describe the physico-chemical properties of nanobubbles, the formulation parameters and the drug loading approaches, besides potential applications as a therapeutic tool.
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27
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Rovers TAM, Sala G, van der Linden E, Meinders MBJ. Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Stability of Protein Microbubbles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:333-340. [PMID: 26619225 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein microbubbles are air bubbles with a network of interacting proteins at the air-water interface. Protein microbubbles are commonly used in medical diagnostic and therapeutic research. They have also recently gained interest in the research area of food as they can be used as structural elements to control texture, allowing for the manufacture of healthier foods with increased consumer perception. For the application of microbubbles in the food industry, it is important to gain insights into their stability under food processing conditions. In this study, we tested the stability of protein microbubbles against heating and pressurization. Microbubbles could be heated to 50 °C for 2 min or pressurized to 100 kPa overpressure for 15 s without significantly affecting their stability. At higher pressures and temperatures, the microbubbles became unstable and buckled. Buckling was observed above a critical pressure and was influenced by the shell modulus. The addition of cross-linkers like glutaraldehyde and tannic acid resulted in microbubbles that were stable against all tested temperatures and overpressures, more specifically, up to 120 °C and 470 kPa, respectively. We found a relation between the storage temperatures of microbubble dispersions (4, 10, 15, and 21 °C) and a decrease in the number of microbubbles with the highest decrease at the highest storage temperature. The average rupture time of microbubbles stored at different storage temperatures followed an Arrhenius relation with an activation energy for rupture of the shell of approximately 27 kT. This strength ensures applicability of microbubbles in food processes only at moderate temperatures and storage for a moderate period of time. After the proteins in the shell are cross-linked, the microbubbles can withstand pressures and temperatures that are representative of food processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijs A M Rovers
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , P.O. Box 557 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University and Research Centre , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Sala
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , P.O. Box 557 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University and Research Centre , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre , P.O. Box 17 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van der Linden
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , P.O. Box 557 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University and Research Centre , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel B J Meinders
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition , P.O. Box 557 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre , P.O. Box 17 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Jiang X, Zhang Y, Edirisinghe M, Parhizkar M. Combining microfluidic devices with coarse capillaries to reduce the size of monodisperse microbubbles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a major advance for the controlled production of monodisperse microbubbles, which are a key constituent in many advanced technologies, has been invented using simple microfluidic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - M. Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - M. Parhizkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
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29
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Tian H, Shao J, Hu H, Wang L, Ding Y. Role of space charges inside a dielectric polymer in the electrohydrodynamic structure formation on a prepatterned polymer (ESF-PP). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom-shaped structures with a high aspect ratio are fabricated based on the action of space charges inside the dielectric polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Hu
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Ding
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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30
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Sridhar S, Patel A, Dalvi SV. Estimation of Storage Stability of Aqueous Microbubble Suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Kucuk I. Polymer nanospheres formed by a microfluidic technique with Evans blue dye. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Israfil Kucuk
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Firat University; Elazig 23279 Turkey
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32
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Xie X, Yang Y, Lin W, Liu H, Liu H, Yang Y, Chen Y, Fu X, Deng J. Cell-penetrating peptide-siRNA conjugate loaded YSA-modified nanobubbles for ultrasound triggered siRNA delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:641-50. [PMID: 26492155 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the absence of effective in vivo delivery systems, the employment of small interference RNA (siRNA) in the clinic has been hindered. In this paper, a new siRNA targeting system for EphA2-positive tumors was developed, based on ultrasound-sensitive nanobubbles (NBs) and cell-permeable peptides (CPPs). Here, a CPP-siRNA conjugate (CPP-siRNA) was entrapped in an ephrin mimetic peptide (YSA peptide)-modified NB (CPP-siRNA/YSA-NB) and the penetration of the CPP-siRNA was temporally masked; local ultrasound stimulation triggered the release of CPP-siRNA from the NBs and activated its penetration. Subsequent research demonstrated that the CPP-siRNA/YSA-NBs had particle sizes of approximately 200 nm and a siRNA entrapment efficiency of more than 85%. The in vitro release results showed that over 90% of the encapsulated CPP-siRNA released from the NBs in the presence of ultrasound, while less than 1.5% of that (30 min) released without ultrasound. Cell experiments showed a the higher CPP-siRNA cellular uptake of CPP-siRNA/YSA-NB among the various formulations in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7, EphA2 positive cells). Additionally, after systemic administration in mice, CPP-siRNA/YSA-NB accumulated in the tumor, augmented c-Myc silencing and delayed tumor progression. In conclusion, the application of CPP-siRNA/YSA-NB with ultrasound may provide a strategy for the selective and efficient delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Wen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi 435000, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianping Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi 435000, PR China.
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Xie X, Lin W, Liu H, Deng J, Chen Y, Liu H, Fu X, Yang Y. Ultrasound-responsive nanobubbles contained with peptide–camptothecin conjugates for targeted drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2756-2764. [PMID: 26289216 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1077289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, PR China, and
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jianping Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, PR China, and
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China
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35
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Lin W, Xie X, Deng J, Liu H, Chen Y, Fu X, Liu H, Yang Y. Cell-penetrating peptide-doxorubicin conjugate loaded NGR-modified nanobubbles for ultrasound triggered drug delivery. J Drug Target 2015; 24:134-46. [PMID: 26176270 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1058802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A new drug-targeting system for CD13(+) tumors has been developed, based on ultrasound-sensitive nanobubbles (NBs) and cell-permeable peptides (CPPs). Here, the CPP-doxorubicin conjugate (CPP-DOX) was entrapped in the asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) peptide modified NB (CPP-DOX/NGR-NB) and the penetration of CPP-DOX was temporally masked; local ultrasound stimulation could trigger the CPP-DOX release from NB and activate its penetration. The CPP-DOX/NGR-NBs had particle sizes of about 200 nm and drug entrapment efficiency larger than 90%. In vitro release results showed that over 85% of the encapsulated DOX or CPP-DOX would release from NBs in the presence of ultrasound, while less than 1.5% of that (30 min) without ultrasound. Cell experiments showed the higher cellular CPP-DOX uptake of CPP-DOX/NGR-NB among the various NB formulations in Human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080, CD13(+)). The CPP-DOX/NGR-NB with ultrasound treatment exhibited an increased cytotoxic activity than the one without ultrasound. In nude mice xenograft of HT-1080 cells, CPP-DOX/NGR-NB with ultrasound showed a higher tumor inhibition effect (3.1% of T/C%, day 24), longer median survival time (50 days) and excellent body safety compared with the normal DOX injection group. These results indicate that the constructed vesicle would be a promising drug delivery system for specific cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province , Huangshi , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- b Department of Pharmacy , Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command , Wuhan , People's Republic of China , and
| | - Jianping Deng
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province , Huangshi , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- b Department of Pharmacy , Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command , Wuhan , People's Republic of China , and
| | - Ying Chen
- b Department of Pharmacy , Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command , Wuhan , People's Republic of China , and
| | - Xudong Fu
- b Department of Pharmacy , Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command , Wuhan , People's Republic of China , and
| | - Hong Liu
- b Department of Pharmacy , Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command , Wuhan , People's Republic of China , and
| | - Yang Yang
- c Department of Pharmacy , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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36
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Coaxial electrohydrodynamic atomization: Microparticles for drug delivery applications. J Control Release 2015; 205:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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Microfluidic approach for encapsulation via double emulsions. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 18:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Novel encapsulation systems and processes for overcoming the challenges of polypharmacy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 18:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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39
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Elsayed M, Huang J, Edirisinghe M. Bioinspired preparation of alginate nanoparticles using microbubble bursting. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 46:132-9. [PMID: 25491969 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are considered to be one of the most advanced tools for drug delivery applications. In this research, alginate (a model hydrophilic polymer) nanoparticles 80 to 200 nm in diameter were obtained using microbubble bursting. The natural process of bubble bursting occurs through a number of stages, which consequently produce nano- and microsized droplets via two main production mechanisms, bubble shell disintegration and a jetting process. In this study, nano-sized droplets/particles were obtained by promoting the disintegrating mechanism and suppressing (limiting) the formation of larger microparticles resulting from the jetting mechanism. A T-junction microfluidic device was used to prepare alginate microbubbles with different sizes in a well-controlled manner. The size of the bubbles was varied by controlling two processing parameters, the solution flow rate and the bubbling pressure. Crucially, the bubble size was found to be the determining factor for inducing (or limiting) the bubble shell disintegration mechanism and the size needed to promote this process was influenced by the properties of the solution used for preparing the bubbles, particularly the viscosity. The size of alginate nanoparticles produced via the disintegration mechanism was found to be directly proportional to the viscosity of the alginate solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsayed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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