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Jiang Z, Zhuang Y, Guo S, Sohan ASMMF, Yin B. Advances in Microfluidics Techniques for Rapid Detection of Pesticide Residues in Food. Foods 2023; 12:2868. [PMID: 37569137 PMCID: PMC10417549 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety is a significant issue that affects people worldwide and is tied to their lives and health. The issue of pesticide residues in food is just one of many issues related to food safety, which leave residues in crops and are transferred through the food chain to human consumption. Foods contaminated with pesticide residues pose a serious risk to human health, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. Although traditional methods, including gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, chromatography, and mass spectrometry, can be used to achieve a quantitative analysis of pesticide residues, the disadvantages of these techniques, such as being time-consuming and costly and requiring specialist staff, limit their application. Therefore, there is a need to develop rapid, effective, and sensitive equipment for the quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in food. Microfluidics is rapidly emerging in a number of fields due to its outstanding strengths. This paper summarizes the application of microfluidic techniques to pyrethroid, carbamate, organochlorine, and organophosphate pesticides, as well as to commercial products. Meanwhile, the study also outlines the development of microfluidics in combination with 3D printing technology and nanomaterials for detecting pesticide residues in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoao Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.J.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Yu Zhuang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.J.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Shentian Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.J.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - A. S. M. Muhtasim Fuad Sohan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Binfeng Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.J.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.)
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Civelekoglu O, Wang N, Boya M, Ozkaya-Ahmadov T, Liu R, Sarioglu AF. Electronic profiling of membrane antigen expression via immunomagnetic cell manipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2444-2455. [PMID: 31199420 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane antigens control cell function by regulating biochemical interactions and hence are routinely used as diagnostic and prognostic targets in biomedicine. Fluorescent labeling and subsequent optical interrogation of cell membrane antigens, while highly effective, limit expression profiling to centralized facilities that can afford and operate complex instrumentation. Here, we introduce a cytometry technique that computes surface expression of immunomagnetically labeled cells by electrically tracking their trajectory under a magnetic field gradient on a microfluidic chip with a throughput of >500 cells per min. In addition to enabling the creation of a frugal cytometry platform, this immunomagnetic cell manipulation-based measurement approach allows direct expression profiling of target subpopulations from non-purified samples. We applied our technology to measure epithelial cell adhesion molecule expression on human breast cancer cells. Once calibrated, surface expression and size measurements match remarkably well with fluorescence-based measurements from a commercial flow cytometer. Quantitative measurements of biochemical and biophysical cell characteristics with a disposable cytometer have the potential to impact point of care testing of clinical samples particularly in resource limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Civelekoglu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Ningquan Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Mert Boya
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Tevhide Ozkaya-Ahmadov
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Ruxiu Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - A Fatih Sarioglu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA. and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Vaithiyanathan M, Safa N, Melvin AT. FluoroCellTrack: An algorithm for automated analysis of high-throughput droplet microfluidic data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215337. [PMID: 31042738 PMCID: PMC6493727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput droplet microfluidic devices with fluorescence detection systems provide several advantages over conventional end-point cytometric techniques due to their ability to isolate single cells and investigate complex intracellular dynamics. While there have been significant advances in the field of experimental droplet microfluidics, the development of complementary software tools has lagged. Existing quantification tools have limitations including interdependent hardware platforms or challenges analyzing a wide range of high-throughput droplet microfluidic data using a single algorithm. To address these issues, an all-in-one Python algorithm called FluoroCellTrack was developed and its wide-range utility was tested on three different applications including quantification of cellular response to drugs, droplet tracking, and intracellular fluorescence. The algorithm imports all images collected using bright field and fluorescence microscopy and analyzes them to extract useful information. Two parallel steps are performed where droplets are detected using a mathematical Circular Hough Transform (CHT) while single cells (or other contours) are detected by a series of steps defining respective color boundaries involving edge detection, dilation, and erosion. These feature detection steps are strengthened by segmentation and radius/area thresholding for precise detection and removal of false positives. Individually detected droplet and contour center maps are overlaid to obtain encapsulation information for further analyses. FluoroCellTrack demonstrates an average of a ~92-99% similarity with manual analysis and exhibits a significant reduction in analysis time of 30 min to analyze an entire cohort compared to 20 h required for manual quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manibarathi Vaithiyanathan
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nora Safa
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Adam T Melvin
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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Wei L, Tian Y, Yan W, Cheung K, Ho D. Liquid-core waveguide TCSPC sensor for high-accuracy fluorescence lifetime analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3641-3652. [PMID: 31037372 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-core waveguide (LCW) has many advantages such as the elimination of optical artifacts typically exhibited in systems employing lenses and filters. However, due to the effect of temporal dispersion, LCWs are typically employed in steady-state fluorescence detection microsystems rather than in fluorescence lifetime measurement (FLM) systems. In this paper, we present a compact liquid-core waveguide time-correlated single-photon counting (LCW-TCSPC) sensor for FLM. The propagation of excitation within the LCW is analyzed both analytically and in simulations, with results in agreement with experimental characterization. Results reveal an optimal region within the LCW for highly accurate FLM. The proposed prototype achieves excellent excitation rejection and low temporal dispersion as a result of optimization of the propagation length of the excitation within the LCW. The prototype achieves a detection limit of 5 nM for Coumarin 6 in dimethyl sulfoxide with < 3% lifetime error. The techniques proposed for analyzing the LCW for TCSPC based FLM and prototype demonstration pave the way for developing high-performance fluorescence lifetime measurement for microfluidics and point-of-care applications. Graphical abstract A compact liquid-core waveguide time-correlated single-photon counting (LCW-TCSPC) sensor for fluorescence lifetime measurement (FLM) is presented. Results reveal an optimal propagation length region within the LCW for highly accurate FLM. The prototype achieves a detection limit of 5 nM for Coumarin 6 in dimethyl sulfoxide with < 3% lifetime error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenrong Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kawai Cheung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Derek Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Gao Z, Peng H, Zhu M, Wu L, Jia C, Zhou H, Zhao J. A Facile Strategy for Visualizing and Modulating Droplet-Based Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E291. [PMID: 31035446 PMCID: PMC6562635 DOI: 10.3390/mi10050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In droplet-based microfluidics, visualizing and modulating of droplets is often prerequisite. In this paper, we report a facile strategy for visualizing and modulating high-throughput droplets in microfluidics. In the strategy, by modulating the sampling frequency of a flash light with the droplet frequency, we are able to map a real high frequency signal to a low frequency signal, which facilitates visualizing and feedback controlling. Meanwhile, because of not needing synchronization signals, the strategy can be directly implemented on any droplet-based microfluidic chips. The only cost of the strategy is an additional signal generator. Moreover, the strategy can catch droplets with frequency up to several kilohertz, which covers the range of most high-throughput droplet-based microfluidics. In this paper, the principle, setup and procedure were introduced. Finally, as a demonstration, the strategy was also implemented in a miniaturized picoinjector in order to monitor and control the injection dosage to droplets. We expect that this facile strategy supplies a low-cost yet effective imaging system that can be easily implemented in miniaturized microfluidic systems or general laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Minjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Chunping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
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Mobile platform for rapid sub-picogram-per-milliliter, multiplexed, digital droplet detection of proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4489-4495. [PMID: 30765530 PMCID: PMC6410864 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital assays have enormous untapped potential for diagnostics, environmental surveillance, and biosafety monitoring, but are currently confined to laboratory settings due to the instrumentation necessary to generate, control, and measure millions of droplets. We instead use a mobile phone-based imaging technique that is >100× faster than conventional microfluidic droplet detection, does not require expensive optics, is invariant to flow rate, and can simultaneously measure multiple fluorescent dyes in droplets. By using this time domain modulation with cloud computing, we overcome the low frame rate of digital imaging, and achieve throughputs as high as 1 million droplets per second. We integrate on-chip delay lines and a microbead processing unit, resulting in a robust device, suitable for low-cost implementation, with ultrasensitive measurement capabilities. Digital droplet assays—in which biological samples are compartmentalized into millions of femtoliter-volume droplets and interrogated individually—have generated enormous enthusiasm for their ability to detect biomarkers with single-molecule sensitivity. These assays have untapped potential for point-of-care diagnostics but are currently mainly confined to laboratory settings, due to the instrumentation necessary to serially generate, control, and measure tens of millions of droplets/compartments. To address this challenge, we developed an optofluidic platform that miniaturizes digital assays into a mobile format by parallelizing their operation. This technology is based on three key innovations: (i) the integration and parallel operation of a hundred droplet generators onto a single chip that operates >100× faster than a single droplet generator, (ii) the fluorescence detection of droplets at >100× faster than conventional in-flow detection using time domain-encoded mobile phone imaging, and (iii) the integration of on-chip delay lines and sample processing to allow serum-to-answer device operation. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we performed a duplex digital ELISA. We characterized the performance of this assay by first using spiked recombinant proteins in a complex media (FBS) and measured a limit of detection, 0.004 pg/mL (300 aM), a 1,000× improvement over standard ELISA and matching that of the existing laboratory-based gold standard digital ELISA system. We additionally measured endogenous GM-CSF and IL6 in human serum from n = 14 human subjects using our mobile duplex assay, and showed excellent agreement with the gold standard system (R2=0.96).
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Luminescent nanomaterials for droplet tracking in a microfluidic trapping array. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:157-170. [PMID: 30483856 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of high-throughput multiplexed screening platforms has attracted significant interest in the field of on-site disease detection and diagnostics for their capability to simultaneously interrogate single-cell responses across different populations. However, many of the current approaches are limited by the spectral overlap between tracking materials (e.g., organic dyes) and commonly used fluorophores/biochemical stains, thus restraining their applications in multiplexed studies. This work demonstrates that the downconversion emission spectra offered by rare earth (RE)-doped β-hexagonal NaYF4 nanoparticles (NPs) can be exploited to address this spectral overlap issue. Compared to organic dyes and other tracking materials where the excitation and emission is separated by tens of nanometers, RE elements have a large gap between excitation and emission which results in their spectral independence from the organic dyes. As a proof of concept, two differently doped NaYF4 NPs (europium: Eu3+, and terbium: Tb3+) were employed on a fluorescent microscopy-based droplet microfluidic trapping array to test their feasibility as spectrally independent droplet trackers. The luminescence tracking properties of Eu3+-doped (red emission) and Tb3+-doped (green emission) NPs were successfully characterized by co-encapsulating with genetically modified cancer cell lines expressing green or red fluorescent proteins (GFP and RFP) in addition to a mixed population of live and dead cells stained with ethidium homodimer. Detailed quantification of the luminescent and fluorescent signals was performed to confirm no overlap between each of the NPs and between NPs and cells. Thus, the spectral independence of Eu3+-doped and Tb3+-doped NPs with each other and with common fluorophores highlights the potential application of this novel technique in multiplexed systems, where many such luminescent NPs (other doped and co-doped NPs) can be used to simultaneously track different input conditions on the same platform. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Hayat Z, El Abed AI. High-Throughput Optofluidic Acquisition of Microdroplets in Microfluidic Systems. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E183. [PMID: 30424116 PMCID: PMC6187520 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Droplet optofluidics technology aims at manipulating the tiny volume of fluids confined in micro-droplets with light, while exploiting their interaction to create "digital" micro-systems with highly significant scientific and technological interests. Manipulating droplets with light is particularly attractive since the latter provides wavelength and intensity tunability, as well as high temporal and spatial resolution. In this review study, we focus mainly on recent methods developed in order to monitor real-time analysis of droplet size and size distribution, active merging of microdroplets using light, or to use microdroplets as optical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Hayat
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France.
| | - Abdel I El Abed
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France.
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Anazawa T, Yamazaki M. An ultra-small, multi-point, and multi-color photo-detection system with high sensitivity and high dynamic range. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:4231-4242. [PMID: 29115316 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although multi-point, multi-color fluorescence-detection systems are widely used in various sciences, they would find wider applications if they are miniaturized. Accordingly, an ultra-small, four-emission-point and four-color fluorescence-detection system was developed. Its size (space between emission points and a detection plane) is 15 × 10 × 12 mm, which is three-orders-of-magnitude smaller than that of a conventional system. Fluorescence from four emission points with an interval of 1 mm on the same plane was respectively collimated by four lenses and split into four color fluxes by four dichroic mirrors. Then, a total of sixteen parallel color fluxes were directly input into an image sensor and simultaneously detected. The emission-point plane and the detection plane (the image-sensor surface) were parallel and separated by a distance of only 12 mm. The developed system was applied to four-capillary array electrophoresis and successfully achieved Sanger DNA sequencing. Moreover, compared with a conventional system, the developed system had equivalent high fluorescence-detection sensitivity (lower detection limit of 17 pM dROX) and 1.6-orders-of-magnitude higher dynamic range (4.3 orders of magnitude).
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Yelleswarapu VR, Jeong HH, Yadavali S, Issadore D. Ultra-high throughput detection (1 million droplets per second) of fluorescent droplets using a cell phone camera and time domain encoded optofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1083-1094. [PMID: 28225099 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01489e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based assays-in which ultra-sensitive molecular measurements are made by performing millions of parallel experiments in picoliter droplets-have generated enormous enthusiasm due to their single molecule resolution and robustness to reaction conditions. These assays have great untapped potential for point of care diagnostics but are currently confined to laboratory settings due to the instrumentation necessary to serially generate, control, and measure tens of millions of droplets. To address this challenge, we have developed the microdroplet megascale detector (μMD) that can generate and detect the fluorescence of millions of droplets per second (1000× faster than conventional approaches) using only a conventional cell phone camera. The key innovation of our approach is borrowed from the telecommunications industry, wherein we modulate the excitation light with a pseudorandom sequence that enables individual droplets to be resolved that would otherwise overlap due to the limited frame rate of digital cameras. Using this approach, the μMD measures droplets at a rate of 106 droplets per sec (ϕ = 166 mL h-1) in 120 parallel microfluidic channels and achieves a limit of detection LOD = 1 μM Rhodamine dye, sufficient for typical droplet based assays. We incorporate this new droplet detection technology with our previously reported parallelized droplet production strategy, incorporating 200 parallel droplet makers and only one set of continuous and droplet phase inputs and one output line. By miniaturizing and integrating droplet based diagnostics into a handheld format, the μMD platform can translate ultra-sensitive droplet based assays into a self-contained platform for practical use in clinical and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata R Yelleswarapu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Heon-Ho Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sagar Yadavali
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. and Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ko J, Hemphill MA, Gabrieli D, Wu L, Yelleswarapu V, Lawrence G, Pennycooke W, Singh A, Meaney DF, Issadore D. Smartphone-enabled optofluidic exosome diagnostic for concussion recovery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31215. [PMID: 27498963 PMCID: PMC4976377 DOI: 10.1038/srep31215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A major impediment to improving the treatment of concussion is our current inability to identify patients that will experience persistent problems after the injury. Recently, brain-derived exosomes, which cross the blood-brain barrier and circulate following injury, have shown great potential as a noninvasive biomarker of brain recovery. However, clinical use of exosomes has been constrained by their small size (30–100 nm) and the extensive sample preparation (>24 hr) needed for traditional exosome measurements. To address these challenges, we developed a smartphone-enabled optofluidic platform to measure brain-derived exosomes. Sample-to-answer on our chip is 1 hour, 10x faster than conventional techniques. The key innovation is an optofluidic device that can detect enzyme amplified exosome biomarkers, and is read out using a smartphone camera. Using this approach, we detected and profiled GluR2+ exosomes in the post-injury state using both in vitro and murine models of concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Matthew A Hemphill
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David Gabrieli
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Leon Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Venkata Yelleswarapu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gladys Lawrence
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wesley Pennycooke
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anup Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dave F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Abstract
Digital PCR (dPCR) is an emerging technology for genetic analysis and clinical diagnostics. To facilitate the widespread application of dPCR, here we developed a new micropatterned superporous absorbent array chip (μSAAC) which consists of an array of microwells packed with highly porous agarose microbeads. The packed beads construct a hierarchically porous microgel which confers superior water adsorption capacity to enable spontaneous filling of PDMS microwells for fluid compartmentalization without the need of sophisticated microfluidic equipment and operation expertise. Using large λ-DNA as the model template, we validated the μSAAC for stochastic partitioning and quantitative digital detection of DNA molecules. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, we conducted dPCR detection and single-molecule sequencing of a mutation prevalent in blood cancer, the chromosomal translocation t(14;18), demonstrating the feasibility of the μSAAC for analysis of disease-associated mutations. These experiments were carried out using the standard molecular biology techniques and instruments. Because of its low cost, ease of fabrication, and equipment-free liquid partitioning, the μSAAC is readily adaptable to general lab settings, which could significantly facilitate the widespread application of dPCR technology in basic research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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Jeong HH, Issadore D, Lee D. Recent developments in scale-up of microfluidic emulsion generation via parallelization. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cole RH, de Lange N, Gartner ZJ, Abate AR. Compact and modular multicolour fluorescence detector for droplet microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2754-8. [PMID: 26032595 PMCID: PMC4505729 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00333d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multicolour fluorescence detection is often necessary in droplet microfluidics, but typical detection systems are complex, bulky, and expensive. We present a compact and modular detection system capable of sub-nanomolar sensitivity utilizing an optical fibre array to encode spectral information recorded by a single photodetector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H. Cole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Niek de Lange
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zev J. Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam R. Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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