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Suwa M, Tsukahara S, Watarai H. Applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces in micro-analytical systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1097-1127. [PMID: 36636900 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel applications of magnetic fields in analytical chemistry have become a remarkable trend in the last two decades. Various magnetic forces have been employed for the migration, orientation, manipulation, and trapping of microparticles, and new analytical platforms for separating and detecting molecules have been proposed. Magnetic materials such as functional magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposites, and specially designed magnetic solids and liquids have also been developed for analytical purposes. Numerous attractive applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces on magnetic and non-magnetic materials have been studied, but fundamental studies to understand the working principles of magnetic forces have been challenging. These studies will form a new field of magneto-analytical science, which should be developed as an interdisciplinary field. In this review, essential pioneering works and recent attractive developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - S Tsukahara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - H Watarai
- R3 Institute for Newly-Emerging Science Design, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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2
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Catalytic Activity Enhancement of Cu-Zn-Based Catalyst for Methanol Steam Reforming with Magnetic Inducement. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic inducement was applied during metal loading to enhance Cu-Zn catalysts for methanol steam reforming in the temperature range of 200–300 °C. The supports used in this study were the γ-Al2O3 support and CeO2-Al2O3 supports prepared under different magnetic environments. Cu-Zn loading between the north and south poles (N-S) on the CeO2-Al2O3 support, prepared between two north poles (N-N), led to the highest H2 production at 300 °C (2796 ± 76 µmol/min), which is triple that of Cu-Zn/CeO2-Al2O3 prepared without magnetic inducement and ~11-fold the activity of the Cu-Zn/Al2O3 reference catalyst. The N-S magnetic environment during metal loading leads to lower reduction temperatures and larger Cu(1+):Cu(2+) ratio. These results showed that the pole arrangement of magnets during metal loading could affect the catalytic activity of the Cu-Zn catalyst owing to its influence on the reducibility and the oxidation state of Cu active metal.
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Shyam S, Asfer M, Mehta B, Mondal PK, Almutairi ZA. Magnetic field driven actuation of sessile ferrofluid droplets in the presence of a time dependent magnetic field. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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Effect of Magnetic Inducement in Preparation of Ni/Ce‐doped Al
2
O
3
for Ammonia Decomposition. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Xuan X. Recent Advances in Continuous-Flow Particle Manipulations Using Magnetic Fluids. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E744. [PMID: 31683660 PMCID: PMC6915689 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic field-induced particle manipulation is simple and economic as compared to other techniques (e.g., electric, acoustic, and optical) for lab-on-a-chip applications. However, traditional magnetic controls require the particles to be manipulated being magnetizable, which renders it necessary to magnetically label particles that are almost exclusively diamagnetic in nature. In the past decade, magnetic fluids including paramagnetic solutions and ferrofluids have been increasingly used in microfluidic devices to implement label-free manipulations of various types of particles (both synthetic and biological). We review herein the recent advances in this field with focus upon the continuous-flow particle manipulations. Specifically, we review the reported studies on the negative magnetophoresis-induced deflection, focusing, enrichment, separation, and medium exchange of diamagnetic particles in the continuous flow of magnetic fluids through microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
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Zhang K, Ren Y, Tao Y, Liu W, Jiang T, Jiang H. Efficient Micro/Nanoparticle Concentration using Direct Current-Induced Thermal Buoyancy Convection for Multiple Liquid Media. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4457-4465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Zhang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710064, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
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Sato N, Yao J, Kawashima D, Takei M. Numerical Study of Enhancement of Positive Dielectrophoresis Particle Trapping in Electrode-Multilayered Microfluidic Device. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2936-2944. [PMID: 30762523 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2898876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP) particle trapping by a co-occurring fluid flow under an ac electric field in an electrode-multilayered microfluidic device is investigated by three-dimensional particle-fluid flow simulations. The particle motion near one cross section of the microfluidic device is simulated under a zero flow condition by the Eulerian-Lagrangian method incorporating the ac electrothermal effect, thermal buoyancy, and dielectrophoresis. The mean trapping rate under the steady state Rm is evaluated from the simulated number of trapped particles Ntrap for 54 cases with four parameters: electrode excitation pattern, medium conductivity σ, applied voltage ϕe, and the real part of the Clausius-Mossotti factor Re[K(ω)]. The simulated pDEP velocity in the upper part of the flow channel is validated by an experiment using cell suspension and is fitted so that the non-dimensional velocity error is within 15% of a typical velocity of pDEP. The mean trapping rate Rm is greatly increased by the fluid flow only in the high conductivity and high voltage cases. Regardless of the electrode excitation pattern, Rm increased almost proportionally to the inflow rate into the capture region, where the pDEP force is effective. From a fitted equation of the results, the increase of Rm when Re[K(ω)] = 0.1 to 0.5 is found to be about 20% to 30% of the number of particles transported into the capture regions. The results quantify the enhancement of pDEP trapping by the fluid flow occurring under practical conditions in the device.
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Waheed W, Alazzam A, Al-Khateeb AN, Sung HJ, Abu-Nada E. Investigation of DPD transport properties in modeling bioparticle motion under the effect of external forces: Low Reynolds number and high Schmidt scenarios. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:054901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5079835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Waheed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf N. Al-Khateeb
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Eiyad Abu-Nada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
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Frenkel M, Danchuk V, Multanen V, Legchenkova I, Bormashenko Y, Gendelman O, Bormashenko E. Toward an Understanding of Magnetic Displacement of Floating Diamagnetic Bodies, I: Experimental Findings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6388-6395. [PMID: 29727191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Diamagnetic objects (polymer and metallic plates and spheres, ceramic beads, and liquid marbles), floating on water, and a variety of organic liquids may be driven by a steady magnetic field of 0.1 T, registered at the water-vapor surface. Diamagnetic bodies are attracted to the magnet, when the apparent contact angle at the solid/liquid interface is obtuse and repelled from the magnet, when the angle is acute. Cold plasma-treated polyolefin rafts and spheres, demonstrating underwater floating, are repelled by a permanent magnet. Addition of a surfactant to the water, as well as cold plasma treatment of the polyolefin bodies, can turn the attraction into the repulsion. We conjecture that the observed effects are caused by the interplay of two main phenomena. The first is the gravity, which induces sliding of the particle on the deformed liquid/vapor interface (the Moses effect). The second cause is the hysteresis of the contact angle at the bodies' boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oleg Gendelman
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
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12
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Munaz A, Shiddiky MJA, Nguyen NT. Recent advances and current challenges in magnetophoresis based micro magnetofluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:031501. [PMID: 29983837 PMCID: PMC6013300 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of magnetism and microscale fluid flow has opened up a new era for handling and manipulation of samples in microfluidics. In particular, magnetophoresis, the migration of particles in a magnetic field, is extremely attractive for microfluidic handling due to its contactless nature, independence of ionic concentration, and lack of induced heating. The present paper focuses on recent advances and current challenges of magnetophoresis and highlights the key parameters affecting the manipulation of particles by magnetophoresis. The magnetic field is discussed according to their relative motion to the sample as stationary and dynamic fields. The migration of particles is categorized as positive and negative magnetophoresis. The applications of magnetophoresis are discussed according to the basic manipulation tasks such as mixing, separation, and trapping of particles or cells. Finally, the paper highlights the limitations of current approaches and provides the future perspective for this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Munaz
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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13
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Zhao W, Cheng R, Lim SH, Miller JR, Zhang W, Tang W, Xie J, Mao L. Biocompatible and label-free separation of cancer cells from cell culture lines from white blood cells in ferrofluids. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2243-2255. [PMID: 28590489 PMCID: PMC5543773 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a biocompatible and label-free cell separation method using ferrofluids that can separate a variety of low-concentration cancer cells from cell culture lines (∼100 cancer cells per mL) from undiluted white blood cells, with a throughput of 1.2 mL h-1 and an average separation efficiency of 82.2%. The separation is based on the size difference of the cancer cells and white blood cells, and is conducted in a custom-made biocompatible ferrofluid that retains not only excellent short-term viabilities but also normal proliferations of 7 commonly used cancer cell lines. A microfluidic device is designed and optimized specifically to shorten the time of live cells' exposure to ferrofluids from hours to seconds, by eliminating time-consuming off-chip sample preparation and extraction steps and integrating them on-chip to achieve a one-step process. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a ferrofluid with 0.26% volume fraction was used in this microfluidic device to separate spiked cancer cells from cell lines at a concentration of ∼100 cells per mL from white blood cells with a throughput of 1.2 mL h-1. The separation efficiencies were 80 ± 3%, 81 ± 5%, 82 ± 5%, 82 ± 4%, and 86 ± 6% for A549 lung cancer, H1299 lung cancer, MCF-7 breast cancer, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines, respectively. The separated cancer cells' purity was between 25.3% and 28.8%. In addition, the separated cancer cells from this strategy showed an average short-term viability of 94.4 ± 1.3%, and these separated cells were cultured and demonstrated normal proliferation to confluence even after the separation process. Owing to its excellent biocompatibility and label-free operation and its ability to recover low concentrations of cancer cells from white blood cells, this method could lead to a promising tool for rare cell separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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14
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Abstract
Effective and rapid mixing is essential for various chemical and biological assays. The present work describes a simple and low-cost micromixer based on magnetofluidic actuation. The device takes advantage of magnetoconvective secondary flow, a bulk flow induced by an external magnetic field, for mixing. A superparamagnetic stream of diluted ferrofluid and a non-magnetic stream are introduced to a straight microchannel. A permanent magnet placed next to the microchannel induced a non-uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field gradient and the mismatch in magnetic susceptibility between the two streams create a body force, which leads to rapid and efficient mixing. The micromixer reported here could achieve a high throughput and a high mixing efficiency of 88% in a relatively short microchannel.
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15
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Munaz A, Kamble H, Shiddiky MJA, Nguyen NT. Magnetofluidic micromixer based on a complex rotating magnetic field. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08073e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a magnetically actuated micromixer for mixing non-magnetic microparticles in a microfluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Munaz
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Harshad Kamble
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
- School of Natural Sciences
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
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16
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Ma Z, Collins DJ, Guo J, Ai Y. Mechanical Properties Based Particle Separation via Traveling Surface Acoustic Wave. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11844-11851. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ma
- Pillar of Engineering
Product
Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - David J. Collins
- Pillar of Engineering
Product
Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jinhong Guo
- Pillar of Engineering
Product
Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering
Product
Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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17
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Hejazian M, Nguyen NT. Magnetofluidic concentration and separation of non-magnetic particles using two magnet arrays. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:044103. [PMID: 27478527 PMCID: PMC4947043 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present paper reports the use of diluted ferrofluid and two arrays of permanent magnets for the size-selective concentration of non-magnetic particles. The micro magnetofluidic device consists of a straight channels sandwiched between two arrays of permanent magnets. The permanent magnets create multiple capture zones with minimum magnetic field strength along the channel. The complex interaction between magnetic forces and hydrodynamic force allows the device to operate in different regimes suitable for concentration of non-magnetic particles with small difference in size. Our experimental results show that non-magnetic particles with diameters of 3.1 μm and 4.8 μm can be discriminated and separated with this method. The results from this study could be used as a guide for the design of size-sensitive separation devices for particle and cell based on negative magnetophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hejazian
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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18
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Khashei H, Latifi H, Seresht MJ, Ghasemi AHB. Microparticles manipulation and enhancement of their separation in pinched flow fractionation by insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:775-85. [PMID: 26685118 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The separation and manipulation of microparticles in lab on a chip devices have importance in point of care diagnostic tools and analytical applications. The separation and sorting of particles from biological and clinical samples can be performed using active and passive techniques. In passive techniques, no external force is applied while in active techniques by applying external force (e.g. electrical), higher separation efficiency is obtained. In this article, passive (pinched flow fractionation) and active (insulator-based dielectrophoresis) methods were combined to increase the separation efficiency at lower voltages. First by simulation, appropriate values of geometry and applied voltages for better focusing, separation, and lower Joule heating were obtained. Separation of 1.5 and 6 μm polystyrene microparticles was experimentally obtained at optimized geometry and low total applied voltage (25 V). Also, the trajectory of 1.5 μm microparticles was controlled by adjusting the total applied voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesamodin Khashei
- Laser and Plasma Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Baradaran Ghasemi
- Laser and Plasma Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Hejazian M, Phan DT, Nguyen NT. Mass transport improvement in microscale using diluted ferrofluid and a non-uniform magnetic field. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11703a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the mass transport enhancement of a non-magnetic fluorescent dye with the help of diluted ferrofluid and a non-uniform magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hejazian
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Center
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | - Dinh-Tuan Phan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Center
- Griffith University
- Australia
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20
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Patabadige DEW, Jia S, Sibbitts J, Sadeghi J, Sellens K, Culbertson CT. Micro Total Analysis Systems: Fundamental Advances and Applications. Anal Chem 2015; 88:320-38. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damith E. W. Patabadige
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Shu Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jay Sibbitts
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jalal Sadeghi
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Kathleen Sellens
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christopher T. Culbertson
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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Hejazian M, Nguyen NT. Negative magnetophoresis in diluted ferrofluid flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2998-3005. [PMID: 26054840 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00427f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report magnetic manipulation of non-magnetic particles suspended in diluted ferrofluid. Diamagnetic particles were introduced into a circular chamber to study the extent of their deflection under the effect of a non-uniform magnetic field of a permanent magnet. Since ferrofluid is a paramagnetic medium, it also experiences a bulk magnetic force that in turn induces a secondary flow opposing the main hydrodynamic flow. Sheath flow rate, particle size, and magnetic field strength were varied to examine this complex behaviour. The combined effect of negative magnetophoresis and magnetically induced secondary flow leads to various operation regimes, which can potentially find applications in separation, trapping and mixing of diamagnetic particles such as cells in a microfluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hejazian
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Australia.
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Zhou Y, Kumar DT, Lu X, Kale A, DuBose J, Song Y, Wang J, Li D, Xuan X. Simultaneous diamagnetic and magnetic particle trapping in ferrofluid microflows via a single permanent magnet. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015. [PMID: 26221197 PMCID: PMC4499041 DOI: 10.1063/1.4926615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Trapping and preconcentrating particles and cells for enhanced detection and analysis are often essential in many chemical and biological applications. Existing methods for diamagnetic particle trapping require the placement of one or multiple pairs of magnets nearby the particle flowing channel. The strong attractive or repulsive force between the magnets makes it difficult to align and place them close enough to the channel, which not only complicates the device fabrication but also restricts the particle trapping performance. This work demonstrates for the first time the use of a single permanent magnet to simultaneously trap diamagnetic and magnetic particles in ferrofluid flows through a T-shaped microchannel. The two types of particles are preconcentrated to distinct locations of the T-junction due to the induced negative and positive magnetophoretic motions, respectively. Moreover, they can be sequentially released from their respective trapping spots by simply increasing the ferrofluid flow rate. In addition, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed, which predicts with a reasonable agreement the trajectories of diamagnetic and magnetic particles as well as the buildup of ferrofluid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Dhileep Thanjavur Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Akshay Kale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - John DuBose
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Yongxin Song
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
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