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Sun Z, Zhuang L, Wei M, Sun H, Liu F, Tang B, Groenewold J, Zhou G. Bubble Manipulation Driven by Alternating Current Electrowetting: Oscillation Modes and Surface Detachment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6898-6904. [PMID: 34060843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a millimeter-sized bubble in water pending on a substrate is manipulated by applying an alternating current (AC) electric field, known as electrowetting on dielectric. In this setup, standing waves on the bubble surface are observed. The amplitude of these waves varies with frequency, and three resonance peaks (21, 76, and 134 Hz) can be identified. By incorporating the nonlinear friction force for the contact line to an existing surface mode model, a significant improvement to explain the spectrum of the oscillations is obtained, predicting three peak positions, widths, and heights with good accuracy. We also show that bubble detachment correlates with the low-frequency resonance peak. It is found experimentally that if close enough to this peak, then bubbles at sufficiently high voltages are observed to detach from the substrate. This suggests that inertial effects can effectively promote bubble detachment. To confirm this hypothesis, the bubble dynamics is simulated with COMSOL using the full Navier-Stokes equation with a two-phase field and electrostatic stresses. It was found that the bubble experimental detachment process is quite well-reproduced in the simulation, confirming the role of fluid inertia for the detachment process. Given the nice correspondence between the experimental state diagrams and the theoretical modeling, this work contributes to identify a window for precise and reliable bubble manipulation by means of AC electrowetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqian Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Miaoyang Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Feilong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Biao Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jan Groenewold
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Research Institute, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, P.R. China
- Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics, Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
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2
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Ripken RM, Wood JA, Schlautmann S, Günther A, Gardeniers HJGE, Le Gac S. Towards controlled bubble nucleation in microreactors for enhanced mass transport. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The exact location of bubbles with respect to the catalytic layer impacts the microreactor performance. In this work, we propose to control bubble nucleation using micropits to maximize the microreactor efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée M. Ripken
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffery A. Wood
- Soft Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schlautmann
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Günther
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Han J. G. E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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3
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Ma P, Wang S, Guan R, Hu L, Wang X, Ge A, Zhu J, Du W, Liu BF. An integrated microfluidic device for studying controllable gas embolism induced cellular responses. Talanta 2019; 208:120484. [PMID: 31816727 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gas embolism is the abnormal emergence of bubble in the vascular system, which can induce local ischemic symptoms. For studying the mechanism underlying gas embolism and revealing local ischemic diseases information, novel technique for analyzing cells response to bubble contact with high controllability is highly desired. In this paper, we present an integrated microfluidic device for the precise generation and control of microbubble based on the gas permeability of polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) to study the effect of bubble's mechanical contact on cells. Cell viability analysis demonstrated that short-term (<15 min) bubble contact was generally non-lethal to cultured endothelial cells. The significant increase in intracellular calcium of the microbubble-contacted cells and cell-to-cell propagation of calcium signal in the adjacent cells were observed during the process of bubble expansion. In addition, the analysis of intercellular calcium signal in the cells treated with suramin and octanol revealed that cell-released small nucleotides and gap junction played an important role in regulating the propagation of calcium wave triggered by bubble contact. Thus, our microfluidic method provides an effective platform for studying the effect of gas embolism on cultured adherent cells and can be further needed for anti-embolism drugs test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ruixue Guan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liang Hu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xixian Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Single Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Anle Ge
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Single Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jinchi Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Torabinia M, Asgari P, Dakarapu US, Jeon J, Moon H. On-chip organic synthesis enabled using an engine-and-cargo system in an electrowetting-on-dielectric digital microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3054-3064. [PMID: 31373597 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a microfluidic chemical reaction using an electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidic device. Despite a number of chemical/biological applications using EWOD digital microfluidic devices, their applications to organic reactions have been seriously limited because most of the common solvents used in synthetic organic chemistry are not compatible with EWOD devices. To address this unsolved issue, we first introduce a novel technique using an "engine-and-cargo" system that enables the use of non-movable fluids (e.g., organic solvents) on an EWOD device. With esterification as the model reaction, on-chip chemical reactions were successfully demonstrated. Conversion data obtained from on-chip reactions were used to characterize and optimize the reaction with regard to reaction kinetics, solvent screening, and catalyst loading. As the first step toward on-chip combinatorial synthesis, parallel esterification of three different alcohols was demonstrated. Results from this study clearly show that an EWOD digital microfluidic platform is a promising candidate for microscale chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Torabinia
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, USA.
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5
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Effect of electrowetting induced capillary oscillations on coalescence of compound droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 530:223-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Xu R, Xu X, He M, Su B. Controllable manipulation of bubbles in water by using underwater superaerophobic graphene-oxide/gold-nanoparticle composite surfaces. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:231-238. [PMID: 29210427 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of bubbles in water is of great importance in the mineral industry, oil production and separation, wastewater treatments, boiling processes, biological cell incubations, microfluidics and miniature reactor technologies. Generally, bubbles in an aqueous environment are inclined to stick to the channel walls, resulting in blockage and energy-consuming treatments. Herein, we report the fabrication of low-adhesion graphene-oxide (GO)/gold-nanoparticle (GNP) hybrid films with a good underwater superaerophobicity, which have the ability to arbitrarily manipulate bubbles in water. Owing to the hydrophilic nature of GO nanosheets and hierarchical structures of aggregated GNPs, the GO/GNP hybrid films showed low adhesion towards bubbles in water. Thus, bubbles could be freely manipulated using home-made tools coated with these low-adhesion, underwater superaerophobic GO/GNP hybrid films. The controlled 1D and 2D movements of one bubble and merging/reaction of two bubbles can be achieved. This study provides a new avenue to design new strategies for bubble manipulations, and further extends the application of superwettable 2D materials in interface fields involving gas phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Xu
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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7
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Bansal S, Sen P. Axisymmetric and Nonaxisymmetric Oscillations of Sessile Compound Droplets in an Open Digital Microfluidic Platform. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11047-11058. [PMID: 28918633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating droplets of biological fluids in an electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD)-based digital microfluidic platform is a significant challenge because of biofouling and surface contamination. This problem is often addressed by operating in an oil environment. We study an alternate configuration of sessile compound droplets having an aqueous core surrounded by a smaller oil shell. In contrast to the conventional EWOD platform, an open digital microfluidic platform enabled by the core-shell configuration will allow electrical, mechanical, or optical probes to get unrestricted access to the droplet, thus enabling highly flexible and dynamically reconfigurable lab-on-chip systems. Understanding droplet oscillations is essential as they are known to enhance mixing. To our knowledge, this is the first study of axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric oscillations of compound droplets actuated using EWOD platforms. Mode shapes for both axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric oscillations were studied and explained. Enhancement in the axisymmetric oscillation of the core by decreasing the shell volume was obtained experimentally and modeled theoretically. Smaller shell volumes reduce the damping losses, allowing the appearance of nonaxisymmetric modes over a larger range of operating parameters. The oscillation frequency regime for obtaining prominent nonaxisymmetric oscillations for different shell volumes was identified. Compound droplets provide a mechanism to reduce biofouling, sample contamination, and evaporation. We demonstrate axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric oscillations of compound droplets with the biological core of red blood cells, providing crucial first steps for promoting applications such as rapid efficient assays, mixing of biological fluids, and fluidic photonics on hysteresis-free surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Bansal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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8
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Wiedemeier S, Eichler M, Römer R, Grodrian A, Lemke K, Nagel K, Klages CP, Gastrock G. Parametric studies on droplet generation reproducibility for applications with biological relevant fluids. Eng Life Sci 2017; 17:1271-1280. [PMID: 29399017 PMCID: PMC5765517 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the great potential of droplet based microfluidic technologies for routine applications in industry and academia has been successfully demonstrated over the past years, its inherent potential is not fully exploited till now. Especially regarding to the droplet generation reproducibility and stability, two pivotally important parameters for successful applications, there is still a need for improvement. This is even more considerable when droplets are created to investigate tissue fragments or cell cultures (e.g. suspended cells or 3D cell cultures) over days or even weeks. In this study we present microfluidic chips composed of a plasma coated polymer, which allow surfactants-free, highly reproducible and stable droplet generation from fluids like cell culture media. We demonstrate how different microfluidic designs and different flow rates (and flow rate ratios) affect the reproducibility of the droplet generation process and display the applicability for a wide variety of bio(techno)logically relevant media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wiedemeier
- Bioprocess Engineering Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V. (iba) Heilbad Heiligenstadt Germany
| | - Marko Eichler
- Atmospheric Pressure Processes Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films (IST) Braunschweig Germany
| | - Robert Römer
- Bioprocess Engineering Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V. (iba) Heilbad Heiligenstadt Germany
| | - Andreas Grodrian
- Bioprocess Engineering Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V. (iba) Heilbad Heiligenstadt Germany
| | - Karen Lemke
- Bioprocess Engineering Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V. (iba) Heilbad Heiligenstadt Germany
| | - Krees Nagel
- Atmospheric Pressure Processes Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films (IST) Braunschweig Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Klages
- Atmospheric Pressure Processes Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films (IST) Braunschweig Germany
| | - Gunter Gastrock
- Bioprocess Engineering Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V. (iba) Heilbad Heiligenstadt Germany
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Liu Z, Chan ST, Faizi HA, Roberts RC, Shum HC. Droplet-based electro-coalescence for probing threshold disjoining pressure. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2018-24. [PMID: 25771963 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the coalescence of emulsion droplets in a controlled electric field. Two contacting droplets stabilized by surfactants can be forced to coalesce into a combined one when the applied voltage is above a critical value. The critical voltages change with the types, concentrations of surfactants and temperature. By exploring the drainage of a thin oil film trapped between emulsions, we interpret that the coalescence occurs as the electric compression overcomes the disjoining pressure barrier and squeezes the film to a critical thickness. Based on this, we have devised an approach to probe the threshold disjoining pressure which can help predict the emulsion stability and surfactant efficacy quantitatively. We have confirmed the validity of our approach for measuring the threshold disjoining pressure by comparing the result with other proven tests that involve centrifugation and thermal heating. Our approach is simple, reliable and robust in predicting emulsion stability and will facilitate the design of emulsion-based formulations by accelerating the testing of emulsion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Haking Wong Building, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Chatzipirpiridis G, Sanoria A, Ergeneman O, Sort J, Puigmartí-Luis J, Nelson BJ, Pellicer E, Pané S. The electrochemical manipulation of apolar solvent drops in aqueous electrolytes by altering the surface polarity of polypyrrole architectures. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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