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Alsehli M, Aljuhani A, Ihmaid SK, El-Messery SM, Othman DIA, El-Sayed AAAA, Ahmed HEA, Rezki N, Aouad MR. Design and Synthesis of Benzene Homologues Tethered with 1,2,4-Triazole and 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Motifs Revealing Dual MCF-7/HepG2 Cytotoxic Activity with Prominent Selectivity via Histone Demethylase LSD1 Inhibitory Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158796. [PMID: 35955929 PMCID: PMC9369007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an efficient multistep synthesis of novel aromatic tricyclic hybrids incorporating different biological active moieties, such as 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole, was reported. These target scaffolds are characterized by having terminal lipophilic or hydrophilic parts, and their structures are confirmed by different spectroscopic methods. Further, the cytotoxic activities of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated using in vitro MTT cytotoxicity screening assay against three different cell lines, including HepG-2, MCF-7, and HCT-116, compared with the reference drug Taxol. The results showed variable performance against cancer cell lines, exhibiting MCF-7 and HepG-2 selectivities by active analogs. Among these derivatives, 1,2,4-triazoles 11 and 13 and 1,3,4-thiadiazole 18 were found to be the most potent compounds against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cancer cells. Moreover, structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the identification of some potent LSD1 inhibitors. The tested compounds showed good LSD1 inhibitory activities, with an IC50 range of 0.04–1.5 μM. Compounds 27, 23, and 22 were found to be the most active analogs with IC50 values of 0.046, 0.065, and 0.074 μM, respectively. In addition, they exhibited prominent selectivity against a MAO target with apparent cancer cell apoptosis, resulting in DNA fragmentation. This research provides some new aromatic-centered 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione and 1,3,4-thiadiazole analogs as highly effective anticancer agents with good LSD1 target selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosa Alsehli
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ateyatallah Aljuhani
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh K. Ihmaid
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid 21110, Jordan
| | - Shahenda M. El-Messery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dina I. A. Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz A. A. El-Sayed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hany E. A. Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 35511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.E.A.A.); (N.R.)
| | - Nadjet Rezki
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (H.E.A.A.); (N.R.)
| | - Mohamed R. Aouad
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Costa DCS, da S. M. Forezi L, Lessa MD, Delarmelina M, Matuck BVA, Freitas MCR, Ferreira VF, de C. Resende JAL, de M. Carneiro JW, de C. da Silva F. A Stereoselective, Base‐free, Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Coupling Between 3‐halo‐1,4‐Naphthoquinones and Vinyl‐1
H
‐1,2,3‐Triazoles. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dora C. S. Costa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto de Química Campus do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Luana da S. M. Forezi
- Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto de Química Campus do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Milena D. Lessa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto de Química Campus do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Maicon Delarmelina
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University, Main Building Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz V. A. Matuck
- Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto de Química Campus do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Maria Clara R. Freitas
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Química Departamento de Química Fundamental e Inorgânica Campus Seropédica, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica RJ Brazil
| | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica Faculdade de Farmácia 24241-002 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Jackson A. L. de C. Resende
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Campus Universitário do Araguaia Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra 78698-000 Pontal do Araguaia MT Brazil
| | | | - Fernando de C. da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto de Química Campus do Valonguinho, CEP 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
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3
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Haroun M, Tratrat C, Kochkar H, Nair AB. CDATA[Recent Advances in the Development of 1,2,3-Triazole-containing Derivatives as Potential Antifungal Agents and Inhibitors of Lanoster ol 14α-Demethylase. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:462-506. [PMID: 33319673 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621999201214232018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole, a five-membered heterocyclic nucleus, is widely recognized as a key chromophore of great value in medicinal chemistry for delivering compounds possessing innumerable biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory activities. Mainly, in the past years, diverse conjugates carrying this biologically valuable core have been reported due to their attractive fungicidal potential and potent effects on various infective targets. Hence, hybridization of 1,2,3-triazole with other antimicrobial pharmacophores appears to be a judicious strategy to develop new effective anti-fungal candidates to combat the emergence of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant infectious diseases. Thus, the current review highlights the recent advances of this promising category of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids incorporating diverse varieties of bioactive heterocycles such as conozole, coumarin, imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, indole, oxindole, chromene, pyrane, quinazoline, chalcone, isoflavone, carbohydrates, and amides. It underlies their inhibition behavior against a wide array of infectious fungal species during 2015-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafedh Kochkar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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4
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de Sena M. Pinheiro P, Rodrigues DA, do Couto Maia R, Thota S, Fraga CA. The Use of Conformational Restriction in Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1712-1733. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190712205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the early preclinical phase, from hit identification and optimization to a lead compound,
several medicinal chemistry strategies can be used to improve potency and/or selectivity. The
conformational restriction is one of these approaches. It consists of introducing some specific structural
constraints in a lead candidate to reduce the overall number of possible conformations in order to favor
the adoption of a bioactive conformation and, as a consequence, molecular recognition by the target receptor.
In this work, we focused on the application of the conformational restriction strategy in the last
five years for the optimization of hits and/or leads of several important classes of therapeutic targets in
the drug discovery field. Thus, we recognize the importance of several kinase inhibitors to the current
landscape of drug development for cancer therapy and the use of G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)
modulators. Several other targets are also highlighted, such as the class of epigenetic drugs. Therefore,
the possibility of exploiting conformational restriction as a tool to increase the potency and selectivity
and promote changes in the intrinsic activity of some ligands intended to act on many different targets
makes this strategy of structural modification valuable for the discovery of novel drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro de Sena M. Pinheiro
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Rodrigues
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo do Couto Maia
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sreekanth Thota
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos A.M. Fraga
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Mioc M, Avram S, Bercean V, Kurunczi L, Ghiulai RM, Oprean C, Coricovac DE, Dehelean C, Mioc A, Balan-Porcarasu M, Tatu C, Soica C. Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of S-Substituted 1 H-5-Mercapto-1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives as Antiproliferative Agents in Colorectal Cancer. Front Chem 2018; 6:373. [PMID: 30234098 PMCID: PMC6134806 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a widespread pathology with complex biochemical etiology based on a significant number of intracellular signaling pathways that play important roles in carcinogenesis, tumor proliferation and metastasis. These pathways function due to the action of key enzymes that can be used as targets for new anticancer drug development. Herein we report the synthesis and biological antiproliferative evaluation of a series of novel S-substituted 1H-3-R-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles, on a colorectal cancer cell line, HT-29. Synthesized compounds were designed by docking based virtual screening (DBVS) of a previous constructed compound library against protein targets, known for their important role in colorectal cancer signaling: MEK1, ERK2, PDK1, VEGFR2. Among all synthesized structures, TZ55.7, which was retained as a possible PDK1 (phospholipid-dependent kinase 1) inhibitor, exhibited the most significant cytotoxic activity against HT-29 tumor cell line. The same compound alongside other two, TZ53.7 and TZ3a.7, led to a significant cell cycle arrest in both sub G0/G1 and G0/G1 phase. This study provides future perspectives for the development of new agents containing the 1,2,4-mercapto triazole scaffold with antiproliferative activities in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Avram
- Department of Computational Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of the Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Ludovic Kurunczi
- Department of Computational Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of the Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana M Ghiulai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Camelia Oprean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,"Pius Brinzeu" Timisoara County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Oncogen Institute, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina E Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Calin Tatu
- "Pius Brinzeu" Timisoara County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Oncogen Institute, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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6
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El-Sherief HAM, Youssif BGM, Bukhari SNA, Abdel-Aziz M, Abdel-Rahman HM. Novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents: Design, synthesis, molecular docking and mechanistic studies. Bioorg Chem 2017; 76:314-325. [PMID: 29227915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel compounds carrying 1,2,4-triazole scaffold was synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against a panel of cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compounds 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 10b, 10e, and 10 g showed remarkable antiproliferative activity against the tested cell lines. Compounds 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 10b, 10e, and 10 g with the least IC50 values in MTT assay were tested against three known anticancer targets including EGFR, BRAF and Tubulin. The results revealed that compounds 8c and 8d showed almost same BRAF inhibitory activity and were discovered to be potent inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation and were also observed to be strong Tubulin inhibitors. Moreover, 8c also showed the best EGFR inhibition with IC50 = 3.6 μM. Finally molecular modeling studies were performed to explore the binding mode of the most active compounds to the target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A M El-Sherief
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-suef, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Aljouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Aljouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Aljouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-suef, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
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7
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzimidazole amidines as potent multi-target inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1616-1634. [PMID: 29133046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel amidino 2-substituted benzimidazoles linked to 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized by implementation of microwave and ultrasound irradiation in click reaction and subsequent condensation of thus obtained 4-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde with o-phenylenediamines. In vitro antiproliferative screening of compounds performed on human cancer cell lines revealed that p-chlorophenyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl N-isopropylamidine 10c and benzyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl imidazoline 11f benzimidazoles had selective and potent cytostatic activities in the low nM range against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549, which could be attributed to induction of apoptosis and primary necrosis. Additional Western blot analyses showed different mechanisms of cytostatic activity between compounds 10c and 11f that could be associated with the nature of aromatic substituent at 1-(1,2,3-triazolyl) and amidino moiety at C-5 position of benzimidazole ring. Specifically, compound 11f abrogated the activity of several protein kinases including TGM2, CDK9, SK1 and p38 MAPK, whereas compound 10c did not have profound effect on the activities of CDK9 and TGM2, but instead showed moderate downregulation of SK1 activity concomitant with a significant reduction in p38 MAPK. Further in silico structural analysis demonstrated that compound 11f bound slightly better to the ATP binding site of p38 MAPK compared to 10c, which correlated well with observed stronger decrement in the expression level of phospho-p38 MAPK elicited by 11f in comparison with 10c.
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Targeting energy metabolism of cancer cells: Combined administration of NCL-240 and 2-DG. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:149-156. [PMID: 28844900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells increase their metabolism to produce the energy and biomolecules necessary for growth and proliferation. Thus, energy metabolism pathways may serve as targets for anti-cancer therapy. NCL-240 is a second generation anti-cancer drug belonging to the PITenins class of PI3K-Akt inhibitors. Our analysis suggested that NCL-240 caused disruptions in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and up-regulated glycolysis, as evidenced by the loss of NMR peaks for the amino acid products derived from the TCA cycle along with presence of only lactate peaks and the loss of glucose peaks. NCL-240 was combined with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) in early proof-of-concept studies on multiple cell lines. 2-DG enhanced cell death response to NCL-240 administration, with cytotoxicity results similar to those under hypoglycemic conditions. In further studies, NCL-240 encapsulated in phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes was combined with freely dissolved 2-DG. Cell cycle analysis of sensitive and resistant strains of A2780 cells treated with combinations of NCL-240/2-DG pointed to a G0/G1 phase arrest for 80-90% of the total, indicating an inability to grow and divide. Cytotoxicity studies with in vitro cancer cell monolayer models confirmed the results of cell cycle analysis. Significant improvements in cytotoxicity with combination treatments over control and individual treatments were seen in multiple cell lines. NCI/ADR-RES cancer cell spheroids further demonstrated the effectiveness of a NCL-240/2-DG combination.
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Bonandi E, Christodoulou MS, Fumagalli G, Perdicchia D, Rastelli G, Passarella D. The 1,2,3-triazole ring as a bioisostere in medicinal chemistry. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1572-1581. [PMID: 28676407 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole is a well-known scaffold that has a widespread occurrence in different compounds characterized by several bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor effects. Moreover, the structural features of 1,2,3-triazole enable it to mimic different functional groups, justifying its wide use as a bioisostere for the synthesis of new active molecules. Here, we provide an overview of the 1,2,3-triazole ring as a bioisostere for the design of drug analogs, highlighting relevant recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bonandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael S Christodoulou
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gaia Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Perdicchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Targeting of Micelles and Liposomes Loaded with the Pro-Apoptotic Drug, NCL-240, into NCI/ADR-RES Cells in a 3D Spheroid Model. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2540-51. [PMID: 27351426 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop transferrin (Tf)-targeted delivery systems for the pro-apoptotic drug, NCL-240, and to evaluate the efficacy of this delivery system in ovarian cancer NCI/ADR-RES cells, grown in vitro in a 3D spheroid model. METHODS Tf-targeted PEG-PE-based micellar and ePC/CHOL-based liposomal delivery systems for NCL-240 were prepared. NCI/ADR-RES cells were used to generate spheroids by a non-adhesive liquid overlay technique. Spheroid growth and development were monitored by size (diameter) analysis and H&E staining. The targeted formulations were compared to untargeted ones in terms of their degree of spheroid association and penetration. A cell viability analysis with NCL-240-loaded micelles and liposomes was performed to assess the effectiveness of Tf-targeting. RESULTS Tf-targeted polymeric micelles and Tf-targeted liposomes loaded with NCL-240 were prepared. NCI/ADR-RES cells generated spheroids that demonstrated the presence of a distinct necrotic core along with proliferating cells in the spheroid periphery, partly mimicking in vivo tumors. The Tf-targeted micelles and liposomes had a deeper spheroid penetration as compared to the untargeted delivery systems. Cell viability studies using the spheroid model demonstrated that Tf-mediated targeting markedly improved the cytotoxicity profile of NCL-240. CONCLUSION Transferrin targeting enhanced delivery and effectiveness of micelles and liposomes loaded with NCL-240 against NCI/ADR-RES cancer cells in a 3D spheroid model.
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Pulya S, Kommagalla Y, Sant DG, Jorwekar SU, Tupe SG, Deshpande MV, Ramana CV. Re-engineering of PIP3-antagonist triazole PITENIN's chemical scaffold: development of novel antifungal leads. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel 4-(1-phenyl-1-hydroxyethyl)-1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole was designed by integrating the structural features of triazole PITENIN anticancer agents and the azole class of antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Pulya
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Yadagiri Kommagalla
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Duhita G. Sant
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Shweta U. Jorwekar
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Santosh G. Tupe
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Mukund V. Deshpande
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Chepuri V. Ramana
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
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12
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Nitulescu GM, Margina D, Juzenas P, Peng Q, Olaru OT, Saloustros E, Fenga C, Spandidos DΑ, Libra M, Tsatsakis AM. Akt inhibitors in cancer treatment: The long journey from drug discovery to clinical use (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 48:869-85. [PMID: 26698230 PMCID: PMC4750533 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies are used to inhibit the growth, progression, and metastasis of the tumor by interfering with specific molecular targets and are currently the focus of anticancer drug development. Protein kinase B, also known as Akt, plays a central role in many types of cancer and has been validated as a therapeutic target nearly two decades ago. This review summarizes the intracellular functions of Akt as a pivotal point of converging signaling pathways involved in cell growth, proliferation, apoptotis and neo‑angiogenesis, and focuses on the drug design strategies to develop potent anticancer agents targeting Akt. The discovery process of Akt inhibitors has evolved from adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‑competitive agents to alternative approaches employing allosteric sites in order to overcome the high degree of structural similarity between Akt isoforms in the catalytic domain, and considerable structural analogy to the AGC kinase family. This process has led to the discovery of inhibitors with greater specificity, reduced side-effects and lower toxicity. A second generation of Akt has inhibitors emerged by incorporating a chemically reactive Michael acceptor template to target the nucleophile cysteines in the catalytic activation loop. The review outlines the development of several promising drug candidates emphasizing the importance of each chemical scaffold. We explore the pipeline of Akt inhibitors and their preclinical and clinical examination status, presenting the potential clinical application of these agents as a monotherapy or in combination with ionizing radiation, other targeted therapies, or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mihai Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Denisa Margina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Petras Juzenas
- Department of Pathology, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Emmanouil Saloustros
- Oncology Unit, General Hospital of Heraklion 'Venizelio', Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrios Α Spandidos
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology Section, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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13
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Sriraman SK, Geraldo V, Luther E, Degterev A, Torchilin V. Cytotoxicity of PEGylated liposomes co-loaded with novel pro-apoptotic drug NCL-240 and the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib against colon carcinoma in vitro. J Control Release 2015; 220:160-168. [PMID: 26497930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The overactivation of signaling pathways, such as the PI3K and MAPK, which are crucial to cell growth and survival, is a common feature in many cancer types. Though a number of advances have been made in the development of molecular agents targeting these pathways, their application as monotherapies has not significantly improved clinical outcome. A novel liposomal preparation was developed, co-loaded with NCL-240, a small-molecule inhibitor of the PI3K/mTOR pathway, along with cobimetinib, a MEK/ERK pathway inhibitor. This combination drug-loaded nanocarrier, (N+C)-LP, was able to significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of these drugs against colon carcinoma cells in vitro demonstrating a clear synergistic effect (combination index of 0.79). The (N+C)-LP was also able to induce cell cycle arrest of the cells, specifically in the G1 phase thereby preventing their progression to the S-phase, typical of the action of MEK inhibitors. Analyzing the apoptotic events, it was found that this effect on cell cycle regulation is followed by the induction of apoptosis. The quantified distribution of apoptotic events showed that the (N+C)-LP induced apoptosis significantly by over 3-4 fold (P<0.001) compared to other treatment groups. The co-loaded liposomal preparation was also targeted to the transferrin receptor of cancer cells by modifying the surface of the liposome with transferrin. FACS analysis showed that transferrin-mediated targeting enhanced the association of liposomes to HCT 116 cells by almost 5-fold. This could potentially allow for cancer cell-specific effects in vivo thereby minimizing any non-specific interactions of the liposomes with non-cancerous cells. Taken together, this study clearly shows that the combined inhibition of the PI3K and MEK pathways correlates with a significant anti-proliferative effect, due to cell-cycle regulation leading to the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Kumar Sriraman
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vananelia Geraldo
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Ed Luther
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Gorai S, Paul S, Sankaran G, Borah R, Santra MK, Manna D. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding to the AKT pleckstrin homology domain by 4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazole derivatives. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00260e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
4-Amino-1,2,5-oxadiazole derivatives has been developed as an inhibitor of AKT pleckstrin homology domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | - Saurav Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | | | - Rituparna Borah
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
| | | | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- India
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