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Enhancement of brain-targeting delivery of danshensu in rat through conjugation with pyrazine moiety to form danshensu-pyrazine ester. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018. [PMID: 29524164 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine was introduced to the structure of danshensu (DSS) as P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-inhibiting carrier, designing some novel brain-targeting DSS-pyrazine derivatives via prodrug delivery strategy. Following the virtual screening, three DSS-pyrazine esters (DT1, DT2, DT3) were selected because of their better prediction parameters related to brain-targeting. Among them, DT3 was thought to be a promising candidate due to its appropriate bioreversible property in vitro release assay. Further investigation with regard to DT3's brain-targeting effects in vivo was also reported in this study. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was established for the quantitative determination of DT3 and DSS in rat plasma, brain homogenate after intravenous injection. In vivo metabolism of DT3 indicated that it was first converted into DT1, DT2, then the generation of DSS, which could be the result of carboxylesterase activity in rat blood and brain tissue. Moreover, the brain pharmacokinetics of DT3 was significantly altered with 2.16 times increase in half-life compared with that of DSS, and its drug targeting index (DTI) was up to 16.95. Above these data demonstrated that DT3 had better tendency of brain-targeting delivery, which would be positive for the treatment of brain-related disorders.
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Wang L, Zhang X, Cui G, Chan JYW, Wang L, Li C, Shan L, Xu C, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Di L, Lee SMY. A novel agent exerts antitumor activity in breast cancer cells by targeting mitochondrial complex II. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32054-64. [PMID: 27081033 PMCID: PMC5077996 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain, including mitochondrial complex II, has emerged as a potential target for cancer therapy. In the present study, a novel conjugate of danshensu (DSS) and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), DT-010, was synthesized. Our results showed that DT-010 is more potent than its parental compounds separately or in combination, in inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing cytotoxicity and promoting cell cycle arrest. It also inhibited the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells in vivo. DT-010 suppressed the fundamental parameters of mitochondrial function in MCF-7 cells, including basal respiration, ATP turnover, maximal respiration. Treatment with DT-010 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ATP production. DT-010 also promoted ROS generation, while treatment with ROS scavenger, NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine), reversed DT-010-induced cytotoxicity. Further study showed that DT-010 suppressed succinate-induced mitochondrial respiration and impaired mitochondrial complex II enzyme activity indicating that DT-010 may inhibit mitochondrial complex II. Overall, our results suggested that the antitumor activity of DT-010 is associated with inhibition of mitochondrial complex II, which triggers ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Judy Yuet-Wa Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Li Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changjiang Xu
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Di
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Xu C, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Yu P, Shan L, Sun Y, Wang Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Danshensu and Tetramethylpyrazine Conjugates as Cardioprotective Agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:381-388. [PMID: 28381679 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a primary cause of sudden death worldwide. Numerous active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines including danshensu (DSS) and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) have been widely used for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. To enhance their therapeutic efficacy and improve their drugability, in this work, we designed new DSS and TMP conjugates. Their water solubility and protective effects were studied in vitro and in experimental animal models. The new compounds demonstrated higher activities than the positive control agents acetylated danshensu and tetramethylpyrazine conjugate (ADTM) and salvianolic acid B (SAB) in preventing cells from oxidative insult. Among the new compounds, 14, bearing two glycine moieties, was more water soluble. In addition, compound 14 was much more potent in preventing cells from oxidative injury, at least 10- and 20-fold as potent as ADTM and SAB, respectively. The protective effects of compound 14 may be attributed to its anti-radical activity and anti-apoptotic activity. These results suggest that compound 14 is a promising candidate for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy
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