Yu CY, Lai YC. Synthesis, aggregation induced emission and through space conjugation of triphenylvinylphenyl substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene.
RSC Adv 2018;
8:19341-19347. [PMID:
35540994 PMCID:
PMC9080709 DOI:
10.1039/c8ra03025a]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Bromo substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene was synthesized from the corresponding dithia[3.3]paracyclophane in three steps through benzyne Steven rearrangement, oxidation, and a thermal elimination reaction. 4-Triphenylvinylphenyl substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene was successfully prepared by the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 4-bromo substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane using Pd(OAc)2 as a catalyst, S-Phos as a ligand and K3PO4 as a base. The structures of bromo substituted [2.2] paracyclophane-1,9-diene and triphenylvinylphenyl substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene were fully characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. 4-Triphenylvinylphenyl substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene exhibited aggregation-induced emission characteristics when the water fraction was higher than 80% in the THF/water mixtures. 4-Triphenylvinylphenyl substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene displays much higher fluorescence when the water fraction is 90% compared to that of model compounds due to both through bond and through space conjugation. To the best for our knowledge, we are the first to synthesize triphenylvinylphenyl substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene with aggregation-induced emission characteristics.
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