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Yang J, Wei H, Ou Q, Li Q, Peng Q, Zheng X. Theoretical Study of the Photocyclization Reaction-Induced Dual Aggregation-Induced Emission Phenomenon. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:217-224. [PMID: 38150702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effects are of great value and prospective in various practical applications. To explore its inherent mechanism, the open isomer ap-BBTE and the closed isomer c-BBTE were chosen to perform the theoretical calculation using the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics model combined with thermal vibration correlation function formalism. The calculations show that the photocyclization (PC) reaction from ap-BBTE to c-BBTE facilitates an improvement in the AIE effect. It is found that the fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) enhancement of ap-BBTE is attributed to the restriction of the low-frequency rotational motion of the benzothiophene moiety and the high-frequency stretching vibrations of the C-C bond between the benzothiophene and benzylbis(thiadiazole) vinyl groups after aggregation. For c-BBTE, the increase in ΦF upon aggregation is mainly due to the suppression of the high-frequency stretching vibration of the C-C bond between the benzothiophene and the benzobis(thiadiazole) vinyl groups. In addition, the AIE effect was also enhanced from ap-BBTE to c-BBTE, which is consistent with the experimental phenomenon. The corresponding emission spectrum red-shifted from ap-BBTE to c-BBTE in both dilute solution and the crystalline state due to the improved intramolecular conjugation of c-BBTE. Moreover, the PC reaction from ap-BBTE to c-BBTE easily occurs in an excited state with a low energy barrier transition state by forming a C-C bond between benzothiophene groups effectively in dilute solution. Our calculations provide theoretical guidance for the further rational design of efficient AIE luminogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Ou
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC, Beijing 1000083, China
| | - Quansong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Li R, Mou B, Yamada M, Li W, Nakashima T, Kawai T. From Visible to Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Photochromism: Negative Photochromism. Molecules 2023; 29:155. [PMID: 38202738 PMCID: PMC10780068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photochromic compounds, whose key molecular properties can be effectively modulated by light irradiation, have attracted significant attention for their potential applications in various research fields. The restriction of photoisomerization coloration induced by ultraviolet light limits their applications in the biomedical field and some other fields. Negative photochromism, wherein a relatively stable colored isomer transforms to a colorless metastable isomer under low-energy light irradiation, offers advantages in applications within materials science and life science. This review provides a summary of negatively photochromic compounds based on different molecular skeletons. Their corresponding design strategies and photochromic properties are presented to provide practical guidelines for future investigations. Negatively photochromic compounds can effectively expand the range of photochromic switches for future applications, offering unique properties such as responsiveness to visible to near-infrared light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiji Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276826, China; (B.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Bingzhao Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276826, China; (B.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Mihoko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276826, China; (B.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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"On-The-Fly" Non-Adiabatic Dynamics Simulations on Photoinduced Ring-Closing Reaction of a Nucleoside-Based Diarylethene Photoswitch. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092724. [PMID: 34066431 PMCID: PMC8125013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside-based diarylethenes are emerging as an especial class of photochromic compounds that have potential applications in regulating biological systems using noninvasive light with high spatio-temporal resolution. However, relevant microscopic photochromic mechanisms at atomic level of these novel diarylethenes remain to be explored. Herein, we have employed static electronic structure calculations (MS-CASPT2//M06-2X, MS-CASPT2//SA-CASSCF) in combination with non-adiabatic dynamics simulations to explore the related photoinduced ring-closing reaction of a typical nucleoside-based diarylethene photoswitch, namely, PS-IV. Upon excitation with UV light, the open form PS-IV can be excited to a spectroscopically bright S1 state. After that, the molecule relaxes to the conical intersection region within 150 fs according to the barrierless relaxed scan of the C1–C6 bond, which is followed by an immediate deactivation to the ground state. The conical intersection structure is very similar to the ground state transition state structure which connects the open and closed forms of PS-IV, and therefore plays a crucial role in the photochromism of PS-IV. Besides, after analyzing the hopping structures, we conclude that the ring closing reaction cannot complete in the S1 state alone since all the C1–C6 distances of the hopping structures are larger than 2.00 Å. Once hopping to the ground state, the molecules either return to the original open form of PS-IV or produce the closed form of PS-IV within 100 fs, and the ring closing quantum yield is estimated to be 56%. Our present work not only elucidates the ultrafast photoinduced pericyclic reaction of the nucleoside-based diarylethene PS-IV, but can also be helpful for the future design of novel nucleoside-based diarylethenes with better performance.
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Fang Y, Duan YC, Geng Y, Zhao ZW, Zhong RL, Zhao L, Li RH, Zhang M, Su ZM. Theoretical study on the photocyclization reactivity mechanism in a diarylethene derivative with multicolour fluorescence modulation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kong M, Feng X, Li J, Wang J, Zhang YQ, Song Y. Switchable slow relaxation of magnetization in photochromic dysprosium( iii) complexes manipulated by a dithienylethene ligand. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The admirable photochromic and magnetic properties of two dithienylethene-based complexes can be modulated with UV/Vis light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructure
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructure
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructure
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructure
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory For NSLSCS, School of Physical Science and Technology
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - You Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructure
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
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Abstract
One of the important features of polymethine (cyanine) dyes is isomerization about one of C–C bonds of the polymethine chain. In this review, spectral properties of the isomers, photoisomer-ization and thermal back isomerization of carbocyanine dyes, mostly meso-substituted carbocy-anine dyes, are considered. meso-Alkyl-substituted thiacarbocyanine dyes are present in polar solvents mainly as cis isomers and, hence, exhibit no photoisomerization, whereas in nonpolar solvents, in which the dyes are in the trans form, photoisomerization takes place. In contrast, the meso-substituted dyes 3,3′-dimethyl-9-phenylthiacarbocyanine and 3,3′-diethyl-9-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)thiacarbocyanine occur as trans isomers and exhibit photoisomerization in both polar and nonpolar solvents. The behavior of these dyes may be ex-plained by the fact that the phenyl ring of the substituent in their molecules can be twisted at some angle, removing the substituent from the plane of the molecule and reducing its steric ef-fect on the conformation of the trans isomer. In some cases, photoisomerization of cis isomers of meso-substituted carbocyanine dyes is also observed (for some meso-alkyl-substituted dyes com-plexed with DNA and chondroitin-4-sulfate; for 3,3′-diethyl-9-methoxythiacarbocyanine in moderate polarity solvents). The cycle photoisomerization–thermal back isomerization of cya-nine dyes can be used in various systems of information storage and deserves further investiga-tion using modern research methods.
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Abstract
One of the important features of polymethine (cyanine) dyes is isomerization around one of C–C bonds of the polymethine chain. In this review, spectral properties of the isomers, photoisomerization and thermal back isomerization of carbocyanine dyes, mostly meso-substituted carbocyanine dyes, are considered. meso-Alkyl-substituted thiacarbocyanine dyes are present in polar solvents mainly as cis isomers and, hence, exhibit no photoisomerization, whereas in nonpolar solvents, in which the dyes are in the trans form, photoisomerization takes place. In contrast, the meso-substituted dyes 3,3′-dimethyl-9-phenylthiacarbocyanine and 3,3′-diethyl-9-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)thiacarbocyanine occur as trans isomers and exhibit photoisomerization in both polar and nonpolar solvents. The behavior of these dyes may be explained by the fact that the phenyl ring of the substituent in their molecules can be twisted at some angle, removing the substituent from the plane of the molecule and reducing its steric effect on the conformation of the trans isomer. In some cases, photoisomerization of cis isomers of meso-substituted carbocyanine dyes is also observed (for some meso-alkyl-substituted dyes complexed with DNA and chondroitin-4-sulfate; for 3,3′-diethyl-9-methoxythiacarbocyanine in moderate polarity solvents). The cycle photoisomerization–thermal back isomerization of cyanine dyes can be used in various systems of information storage and deserves further investigation using modern research methods.
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Liu XM, Jin XY, Zhang ZX, Wang J, Bai FQ. Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of the thermal cis–trans isomerization of fluorine-substituted azobenzene derivatives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11580-11588. [PMID: 35542787 PMCID: PMC9079044 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations of a set of valid photoswitches of azobenzene compounds, with the aim of describing their thermal isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Xing-Yi Jin
- 1st Department of Neurosurgery
- China–Japan Union Hospital
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130033
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
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Zhang ZX, Wei W, Bai FQ, Bibi S, Zhang HX. The phosphorescence properties of a series of diarylethene-containing platinum complexes: the effect of ligand photoisomerization. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benefitting from isomerization in the ancillary-ligand diarylethene, a control of phosphorescence efficiency becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
| | - Shamsa Bibi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad
- Faisalabad 38000
- Pakistan
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
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