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Matussek M, Kurpanik-Wójcik A, Gogoc S, Fijołek A, Filapek M, Naumczuk B, Data P. Electroactive Dyes Based on 1,8-Naphthalimide with Acetylene Linkers as Promising OLED Materials - the Relationship Between Structure and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302115. [PMID: 37548079 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Four A-π-D-π-A type small organic molecules with 1,8-naphthalimide motifs were successfully synthesised. The designed compounds are built of two 1,8-naphthalimide units linked via ethynyl π-linkages with selected functionalised donor motifs i. e. 2,2'-bithiophene, fluorene, phenothiazine and carbazole derivative. The synthesis based on Sonogashira cross-coupling allowed us to obtain the presented dyes with good yields. The resulting symmetrical small molecules' optical, electrochemical and thermal properties were thoroughly investigated, and their potential applicability for the OLED devices was demonstrated. In addition, the relationship between molecular structure and properties was considered by employing experimental and theoretical studies. As a result of using various donor groups, it was possible to achieve efficient electroluminescence in the range from green (DEV4) to orange-red light (DEV3) with a maximum luminance of 3 820 cd/m2 for DEV4. Upon the insertion of an acetylene linker to the designed molecules, the free rotation of D and A fragments, and hence the effective π-electron communication within the entire molecule, is possible, which was confirmed by DFT studies. The obtained dyes are characterised by high thermal stability, reversible oxidation-reduction process, satisfactory optoelectronic properties and good solubility in organic solvents, which is advisable for the application in small molecular organic light-emitting diodes (SM-OLEDs) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Szymon Gogoc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Fijołek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Filapek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Naumczuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-543, Łódź, Poland
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Kotowicz S, Korzec M, Małecki JG, Golba S, Siwy M, Maćkowski S, Schab-Balcerzak E. Six New Unsymmetrical Imino-1,8-naphthalimide Derivatives Substituted at 3-C Position-Photophysical Investigations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7043. [PMID: 36234384 PMCID: PMC9573252 DOI: 10.3390/ma15197043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this research, six novel unsymmetrical imino-1,8-naphthalimides (AzNI) were synthesized. Comprehensive thermal (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical (UV-Vis, photoluminescence), and electrochemical (CV, DPV) studies were carried out to characterize these new compounds. The molecules showed the onset of thermal decomposition in the temperature range 283-372 °C and molecular glass behavior. Imino-1,8-naphthalimides underwent reduction and oxidation processes with the electrochemical energy band gap (Eg) below 2.41 eV. The optical properties were evaluated in solvents with different polarities and in the solid-state as a thin films and binary blends with poly(N-vinylcarbazole): (2-tert-butylphenyl-5-biphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PVK:PBD). Presented compounds emitted blue light in the solutions and in the green or violet spectral range in the solid-state. Their ability to emit light under external voltage was examined. The devices with guest-host structure emitted light with the maximum located in the blue to red spectral range of the electroluminescence band (EL) depending on the content of the AzNI in the PVK:PBD matrix (guest-host structure).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Najare MS, Patil MK, Tilakraj TS, Yaseen M, Nadaf AA, Mantur S, Inamdar SR, Khazi IAM. Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Highly π-Conjugated Bipolar Carbazole-1,3,4-Oxadiazole-based D-π-A Type of Efficient Deep Blue Fluorescent Dye. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1645-1664. [PMID: 34379233 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we have designed and synthesized a novel carbazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole based bipolar fluorophore (E)-2-(4-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)styryl)phenyl)-5-(4-(tertbutyl) phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (CBZ-OXA-IV). Wittig reaction is utilised for the synthesis of the designed bipolar target compound CBZ-OXA-IV. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and ESI-MS results confirmed the designed chemical structure of the fluorophore CBZ-OXA-IV. The photophysical properties have been investigated in detail using UV-Vis absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy. Also, the photoluminescence studies on solid state samples (as thin films) were carried out. The CBZ-OXA-IV dye emits intense deep blue fluorescence with observed absorption and emission maxima occurring are at 353 nm and 470 nm, respectively. Fluorophore CBZ-OXA-IV has shown high Stokes shift of 7052 cm-1. The experimentally measured optical band gap ([Formula: see text]) value is found to be 3.01 eV and the fluorescence quantum yields (Φf) is 0.40. The intramolecular charge transfer property of CBZ-OXA-IV dye was examined by using photophysical properties such as absorption, emission in different solvents of different varying polarities. In addition, Density Functional Theory computations are studied in detail including the MEP surface plots and natural bond orbital analysis. The electrochemical properties have been investigated in detail by using cyclic voltammetry measurements. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement results display a high thermal stability with decomposition temperature (Td5%) 387 °C and a large glass transition temperature (Tg) of 98 °C. The obtained results demonstrated that the novel bipolar fluorophore CBZ-OXA-IV could play an important role in organic optoelectronics and possibly can be utilized as bipolar transport materials for electroluminescence applications in optoelectronic devices/OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallikarjun Kalagouda Patil
- Laser Spectroscopy Programme, Department of Physics, UGC-CPEPA, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Tarimakki Shankar Tilakraj
- Laser Spectroscopy Programme, Department of Physics, UGC-CPEPA, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - AfraQuasar A Nadaf
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivaraj Mantur
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjeev Ramchandra Inamdar
- Laser Spectroscopy Programme, Department of Physics, UGC-CPEPA, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
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Kotowicz S, Korzec M, Pająk AK, Golba S, Małecki JG, Siwy M, Grzelak J, Maćkowski S, Schab-Balcerzak E. New Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Systems Based on Bis-(Imino-1,8-Naphthalimide). MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112714. [PMID: 34064056 PMCID: PMC8196752 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, six novel symmetrical bis-(imino-1,8-naphthalimides) differing in core and N-substituent structure were synthesized, and their thermal (TGA, DSC), optical (UV-Vis, PL), electrochemical (DPV, CV) properties were evaluated. The compounds were stable to 280 °C and could be transferred into amorphous materials. Electrochemical investigations showed their ability to occur reductions and oxidations processes. They exhibited deep LUMO levels of about -3.22 eV and HOMO levels above -5.80 eV. The optical investigations were carried out in the solutions (polar and non-polar) and in films and blends with PVK:PBD. Bis-(imino-1,8-naphthalimides) absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the range of 243-415 nm and emitted light from blue to yellow. Their capacity for light emission under voltage was preliminarily tested in devices with an active layer consisting of a neat compound and a blend with PVK:PBD. The diodes emitted green or red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Pająk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Justyna Grzelak
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
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Hong J, Kim S, Park G, Lee Y, Kim H, Kim S, Lee TW, Kim C, You Y. Chiral polymer hosts for circularly polarized electroluminescence devices. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8668-8681. [PMID: 34257865 PMCID: PMC8246120 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer electroluminescence devices producing circularly polarized luminescence (CP PLEDs) have valuable photonic applications. The fabrication of a CP PLED requires a polymer host that provides the appropriate chiral environment around the emitting dopant. However, chemical strategies for the design of chiral polymer hosts remain underdeveloped. We have developed new polymer hosts for CP PLED applications. These polymers were prepared through a free-radical polymerization of 3-vinylcarbazole with a chiral N-alkyl unit. This chiral unit forces the carbazole repeat units to form mutually helical half-sandwich conformers with preferred (P)-helical sense along the polymer main chain. Electronic circular dichroism measurements demonstrate the occurrence of chirality transfer from chiral monomers to achiral monomers during chain growth. The (P)-helical-sense-enriched polymer interacts diastereoselectively with an enantiomeric pair of new phosphorescent (R)- and (S)-dopants. The magnitude of the Kuhn dissymmetry factor (gabs) for the (P)-helically-enriched polymer film doped with the (R)-dopant was found to be one order of magnitude higher than that of the film doped with the (S)-dopant. Photoluminescence dissymmetry factors (gPL) of the order of 10−3 were recorded for the doped films, but the magnitude of diastereomeric enhancement decreased to that of gabs. The chiral polymer host permits faster energy transfer to the phosphorescent dopants than the achiral polymer host. Our photophysical and morphological investigations indicate that the acceleration in the chiral polymer host is due to its longer Förster radius and improved compatibility with the dopants. Finally, multilayer CP PLEDs were fabricated and evaluated. Devices based on the chiral polymer host with the (R)- and (S)-dopants exhibit electroluminescence dissymmetry factors (gEL) of 1.09 × 10−4 and −1.02 × 10−4 at a wavelength of 540 nm, respectively. Although challenges remain in the development of polymer hosts for CP PLEDs, our research demonstrates that chiroptical performances can be amplified by using chiral polymer hosts. Polymer electroluminescence devices producing circularly polarized luminescence (CP PLEDs) have valuable photonic applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeon Hong
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsub Kim
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyurim Park
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmoon Lee
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungchae Kim
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Nano Systems Institute (NSI), Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Kim
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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1,8-Naphthalimide-based highly emissive luminogen with reversible mechanofluorochromism and good cell imaging characteristics. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ma X, Lv G, Cheng X, Li W, Sang R, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Hai L, Wu Y. Novel cyclodextrin-modified h-BN@Pd(II) nanomaterial: An efficient and recoverable catalyst for ligand-free C-C cross-coupling reactions in water. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; No. 17, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; Hubei Shiyan 442000 China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; No. 17, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Weijian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; No. 17, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Rui Sang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; No. 17, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; No. 17, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Qiantao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; No. 17, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; No. 17, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; No. 17, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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Vongnam K, Muangnoi C, Rojsitthisak P, Sukwattanasinitt M, Rashatasakhon P. A highly selective turn-on fluorescent sensor for glucosamine from amidoquinoline-napthalimide dyads. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:472-476. [PMID: 27434233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Three amidoquinoline-naphthalimide dyads are designed and synthesized in 67-73% overall yields in 3 steps from commercially available starting materials. Compounds with unsubstituted and nitro naphthalimide (1 and 2) show excellent selective fluorescent responses towards glucosamine with the enhancement of fluorescence quantum yields by 14 folds. The determination of HOMO-LUMO levels by linear sweep voltammetry suggests that the sensing mechanism likely involves the inhibition of photo-induced electron transfer (PET) between the aminoquinoline and naphthalimide moieties by glucosamine. The association constants of 1.55×10(4) and 1.45×10(4)M(-)(1), along with the glucosamine detection limits of 1.06 and 0.29µM are determined for 1 and 2, respectively. The application of 2 as a fluorescent probe for real-time detection of cellular glucosamine at micromolar level in living Caco-2 cells is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunnigar Vongnam
- Program of Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chawanphat Muangnoi
- Program of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Sukwattanasinitt
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Paitoon Rashatasakhon
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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