1
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Wang ZH, Fu XH, Li Q, You Y, Yang L, Zhao JQ, Zhang YP, Yuan WC. Recent Advances in the Domino Annulation Reaction of Quinone Imines. Molecules 2024; 29:2481. [PMID: 38893357 PMCID: PMC11173866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Quinone imines are important derivatives of quinones with a wide range of applications in organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry. The attack of nucleophilic reagents on quinone imines tends to lead to aromatization of the quinone skeleton, resulting in both the high reactivity and the unique reactivity of quinone imines. The extreme value of quinone imines in the construction of nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocycles has attracted widespread attention, and remarkable advances have been reported recently. This review provides an overview of the application of quinone imines in the synthesis of cyclic compounds via the domino annulation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.-H.F.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-P.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Hui Fu
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.-H.F.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-P.Z.)
| | - Qun Li
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu 611730, China;
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yong You
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.-H.F.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-P.Z.)
| | - Lei Yang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.-H.F.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-P.Z.)
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.-H.F.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-P.Z.)
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.-H.F.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-P.Z.)
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.-H.F.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.-Q.Z.); (Y.-P.Z.)
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2
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Lin Z, Yu Y, Liu R, Zi W. Design, Preparation, and Implementation of Axially Chiral Benzotetramisoles as Lewis Base Catalysts for Asymmetric Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202401181. [PMID: 38725281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Developing novel catalysts with potent activity is of great importance in organocatalysis. In this study, we designed and prepared a new class of benzotetramisole Lewis base catalysts (AxBTM) that have both central and axial chirality. This unique feature of these catalysts results in a three-dimensional microenvironment with multi-layers of chirality. The performance of the developed catalysts was tested in a series of cycloaddition reactions. These included the AxBTM-catalyzed (2+2) cycloaddition between α-fluoro-α-aryl anhydride with imines or oxindoles, and the sequential gold/AxBTM-catalyzed (4+2) cycloaddition of enynamides with pentafluorophenyl esters. The interplay between axial and central chirality had a collaborative effect in regulating the stereochemistry in these cycloadditions, leading to high levels of stereoselectivity that would otherwise be challenging to achieve using conventional BTM catalysts. However, the (2+2) and (4+2) cycloadditions have different predilections for axial and central chirality combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Lin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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Faragó T, Remete AM, Szatmári I, Ambrus R, Palkó M. The synthesis of pharmacologically important oxindoles via the asymmetric aldol reaction of isatin and the investigation of the organocatalytic activity of new alicyclic β-amino acid derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19356-19365. [PMID: 37377868 PMCID: PMC10292165 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03528j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work involves the synthesis and subsequent development of a number of novel organocatalysts generated from β-amino acids bearing diendo and diexo norbornene skeletons to improve their catalytic characteristics. The aldol reaction between isatin and acetone selected as the model reaction, was used to test and study enantioselectivities. The potential impact on enantioselectivity control regarding enantiomeric excess (ee%) was probed by varying the reaction parameters, such as additive, solvent, catalyst loading, temperature and substrate range. The corresponding 3-hydroxy-3-alkyl-2-oxindole derivetives were produced by organocatalyst 7 with good enantioselectivity up to 57% ee in the presence of LiOH. Substrate screening was used to investigate a number of substituted isatins with excellent findings up to 99% ee. Another aspect of this effort involved employing high-speed ball mill apparatus to conduct a mechanochemical study to make this model reaction more environmentally benign and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Faragó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös utca 6 Szeged H-6720 Hungary
| | - Attila M Remete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös utca 6 Szeged H-6720 Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös utca 6 Szeged H-6720 Hungary
- Stereochemistry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged Eötvös utca 6 Szeged H-6720 Hungary
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös utca 6 Szeged H-6720 Hungary
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4
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Hennessy MC, Gandhi H, O'Sullivan TP. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Peroxidation of γ,δ-Unsaturated β-Keto Esters-A Novel Route to Chiral Cycloperoxides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114317. [PMID: 37298799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A methodology for the asymmetric peroxidation of γ,δ-unsaturated β-keto esters is presented. Using a cinchona-derived organocatalyst, the target δ-peroxy-β-keto esters were obtained in high enantiomeric ratios of up to 95:5. Additionally, these δ-peroxy esters can be readily reduced to chiral δ-hydroxy-β-keto esters without impacting the β-keto ester functionality. Importantly, this chemistry opens up a concise route to chiral 1,2-dioxolanes, a common motif in many bioactive natural products, via a novel P2O5-mediated cyclisation of the corresponding δ-peroxy-β-hydroxy esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Hennessy
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Hirenkumar Gandhi
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy P O'Sullivan
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
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5
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Wang N, Xiao X, Liu CX, Yao H, Huang N, Zou K. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of <i>Aspidosperma</i> and <i>Kopsia</i> Alkaloids Using Tetracyclic Pyridocarbazoles as Versatile Building Blocks. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Zhejiang University of Technology CHINA
| | | | - Hui Yao
- China Three Gorges University CHINA
| | | | - Kun Zou
- China Three Gorges University CHINA
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6
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McConnell DL, Blades AM, Rodrigues DG, Keyes PV, Sonberg JC, Anthony CE, Rachad S, Simone OM, Sullivan CF, Shapiro JD, Williams CC, Schafer BC, Glanzer AM, Hutchinson HL, Thayaparan AB, Krevlin ZA, Bote IC, Haffary YA, Bhandari S, Goodman JA, Majireck MM. Synthesis of Bench-Stable N-Quaternized Ketene N, O-Acetals and Preliminary Evaluation as Reagents in Organic Synthesis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13025-13040. [PMID: 34498466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-Quaternized ketene N,O-acetals are typically an unstable, transient class of compounds most commonly observed as reactive intermediates. In this report, we describe a general synthetic approach to a variety of bench-stable N-quaternized ketene N,O-acetals via treatment of pyridine or aniline bases with acetylenic ethers and an appropriate Brønsted or Lewis acid (triflic acid, triflimide, or scandium(III) triflate). The resulting pyridinium and anilinium salts can be used as reagents or synthetic intermediates in multiple reaction types. For example, N-(1-ethoxyvinyl)pyridinium or anilinium salts can thermally release highly reactive O-ethyl ketenium ions for use in acid catalyst-free electrophilic aromatic substitutions. N-(1-Ethoxyvinyl)-2-halopyridinium salts can be employed in peptide couplings as a derivative of Mukaiyama reagents or react with amines in nucleophilic aromatic substitutions under mild conditions. These preliminary reactions illustrate the broad potential of these currently understudied compounds in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L McConnell
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Alisha M Blades
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Danielle Gomes Rodrigues
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Phoebe V Keyes
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Justin C Sonberg
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Caitlin E Anthony
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Sofia Rachad
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Olivia M Simone
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Caroline F Sullivan
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Jonathan D Shapiro
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Christopher C Williams
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Benjamin C Schafer
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Amy M Glanzer
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Holly L Hutchinson
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Ashley B Thayaparan
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Zoe A Krevlin
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Isabella C Bote
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Yasin A Haffary
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Sambat Bhandari
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Jack A Goodman
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
| | - Max M Majireck
- Chemistry Department, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, New York 13323, United States
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7
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Wang N, Wu Z, Wang J, Ullah N, Lu Y. Recent applications of asymmetric organocatalytic annulation reactions in natural product synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9766-9793. [PMID: 34286704 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed remarkable growth of asymmetric organocatalysis, which is now a firmly established synthetic tool, serving as a powerful platform for the production of chiral molecules. Ring structures are ubiquitous in organic compounds, and, in the context of natural product synthesis, strategic construction of ring motifs is often crucial, fundamentally impacting the eventual fate of the whole synthetic plan. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and updated summary of asymmetric organocatalytic annulation reactions; in particular, the application of these annulation strategies in natural product synthesis will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
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8
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Han B, He XH, Liu YQ, He G, Peng C, Li JL. Asymmetric organocatalysis: an enabling technology for medicinal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1522-1586. [PMID: 33496291 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy and synthetic versatility of asymmetric organocatalysis have contributed enormously to the field of organic synthesis since the early 2000s. As asymmetric organocatalytic methods mature, they have extended beyond the academia and undergone scale-up for the production of chiral drugs, natural products, and enantiomerically enriched bioactive molecules. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of asymmetric organocatalysis in medicinal chemistry. A general picture of asymmetric organocatalytic strategies in medicinal chemistry is firstly presented, and the specific applications of these strategies in pharmaceutical synthesis are systematically described, with a focus on the preparation of antiviral, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular, antibacterial, and antiparasitic agents, as well as several miscellaneous bioactive agents. The review concludes with a discussion of the challenges, limitations and future prospects for organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of medicinally valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jun-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China. and Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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9
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Organophosphine bearing multiple hydrogen-bond donors for asymmetric Michael addition reaction of 1-oxoindane-2-carboxylic acid ester via dual-reagent catalysis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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10
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Biswas A, Mondal H, Maji MS. Synthesis of Heterocycles by isothiourea organocatalysis. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Biswas
- Department of Chemistry Hooghly Women's College Hooghly India
| | - Haripriyo Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
| | - Modhu S. Maji
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
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11
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Vchislo NV, Verochkina EA. Recent Advances in Total Synthesis of Alkaloids from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Vchislo
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of ChemistrySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky Str., 1 Irkutsk 664033 Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Verochkina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of ChemistrySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky Str., 1 Irkutsk 664033 Russia
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12
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Darapaneni CM, Ghosh P, Ghosh T, Maayan G. Unique β‐Turn Peptoid Structures and Their Application as Asymmetric Catalysts. Chemistry 2020; 26:9573-9579. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pritam Ghosh
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Totan Ghosh
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Galia Maayan
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
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13
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Kristianslund R, Hansen TV. Enantioselective bromolactonization of aryl functionalized alkenoic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Chiral imidazolidinones: A class of priviliged organocatalysts in stereoselective organic synthesis. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chiral molecules hold a mail position in Organic and Biological Chemistry, so pharmaceutical industry needs suitable strategies for drug synthesis. Moreover, Green Chemistry procedures are increasingly required in order to avoid environment deterioration. Catalytic synthesis, in particular organocatalysis, in thus a continuously expanding field. A survey of more recent researches involving chiral imidazolidinones is here presented, with a particular focus on immobilized catalytic systems.
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15
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Cozzi PG, Gualandi A, Potenti S, Calogero F, Rodeghiero G. Asymmetric Reactions Enabled by Cooperative Enantioselective Amino- and Lewis Acid Catalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 378:1. [PMID: 31761979 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Organocatalysis-the branch of catalysis featuring small organic molecules as the catalysts-has, in the last decade, become of central importance in the field of asymmetric catalysis, so much that it is now comparable to metal catalysis and biocatalysis. Organocatalysis is rationalized and classified by a number of so-called activation modes, based on the formation of a covalent or not-covalent intermediate between the organocatalyst and the organic substrate. Among all the organocatalytic activation modes, enamine and iminium catalysis are widely used for the practical preparation of valuable products and intermediates, both in academic and industrial contexts. In both cases, chiral amines are employed as catalysts. Enamine activation mode is generally employed in the reaction with electrophiles, while nucleophiles require the iminium activation mode. Commonly, in both modes, the reaction occurs through well-organized transitions states. A large variety of partners can react with enamines and iminium ions, due to their sufficient nucleophilicity and electrophilicity, respectively. However, despite the success, organocatalysis still suffers from narrow scopes and applications. Multicatalysis is a possible solution for these drawbacks because the two different catalysts can synergistically activate the substrates, with a simultaneous activation of the two different reaction partners. In particular, in this review we will summarize the reported processes featuring Lewis acid catalysis and organocatalytic activation modes synergically acting and not interfering with each other. We will focus our attention on the description of processes in which good results cannot be achieved independently by organocatalysis or Lewis acid catalysis. In these examples of cooperative dual catalysis, a number of new organic transformations have been developed. The review will focus on the possible strategies, the choice of the Lewis acid and the catalytic cycles involved in the effective reported combination. Additionally, some important key points regarding the rationale for the effective combinations will be also included. π-Activation of organic substrates by Lewis acids, via formation of electrophilic intermediates, and their reaction with enamines will be also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Potenti
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Calogero
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rodeghiero
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
- Cyanagen Srl, Via Stradelli Guelfi 40/C, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Odagi M, Nagasawa K. Recent Advances in Natural Products Synthesis Using Bifunctional Organocatalysts Bearing a Hydrogen‐Bonding Donor Moiety. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minami Odagi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 2-24-16, Naka-cho Koganei city 184-8588 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 2-24-16, Naka-cho Koganei city 184-8588 Tokyo Japan
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17
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Gavendova M, Lennon CM, Coffey L, Manesiotis P, Kinsella M. Novel
β
‐amino Amide Organocatalysts for the Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Relevant Oxindoles. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gavendova
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research CentreDepartment of ScienceWaterford Institute of Technology Cork Road, Waterford Ireland
| | - Claire M. Lennon
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research CentreDepartment of ScienceWaterford Institute of Technology Cork Road, Waterford Ireland
| | - Lee Coffey
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research CentreDepartment of ScienceWaterford Institute of Technology Cork Road, Waterford Ireland
| | - Panagiotis Manesiotis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastDavid Keir Building Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG United Kingdom
| | - Michael Kinsella
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research CentreDepartment of ScienceWaterford Institute of Technology Cork Road, Waterford Ireland
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18
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Carlone A, Bernardi L. Enantioselective organocatalytic approaches to active pharmaceutical ingredients – selected industrial examples. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Catalysis is, often, the preferred approach to access chiral molecules in enantioenriched form both in academia and in industry; nowadays, organocatalysis is recognised as the third pillar in asymmetric catalysis, along with bio- and metal-catalysis. Despite enormous advancements in academic research, there is a common belief that organocatalysis is not developed enough to be applicable in industry. In this review, we describe a selection of industrial routes and their R&D process for the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients, highlighting how asymmetric organocatalysis brings added value to an industrial process. The thorough study of the steps, driven by economic stimuli, developed and improved chemistry that was, otherwise, believed to not be applicable in an industrial setting. The knowledge discussed in the reviewed papers will be an invaluable resource for the whole research community.
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19
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Li X, Guo L, Peng C, Han B. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Cascade Reactions Based on Gamma-Nitro Carbonyl Compound. CHEM REC 2018; 19:394-423. [PMID: 30019511 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The significant advancements in asymmetric organocascade reactions have been accomplished during the past decades, paving the way to the efficient and stereoselective construction of structurally complex scaffolds from simple and readily available starting materials. Nitro-containing cyclic compounds have become a privileged molecular library given their broad and promising activities in various therapeutic areas. In various approaches to build these valuable scaffolds, the utility of γ-nitrocarbonyl intermediates is one of the most efficient approaches due to its high efficiency, reliability and versatility. The strategies and catalyst systems described here highlight recent advances in the enantioselective synthesis of nitro-containing cyclic molecules via organocascade strategies based on γ-nitrocarbonyl intermediates. Various organocatalysts with distinct activation modes have found application in providing these sophisticated compounds. This review is organized according to the types of organocatalyst. These methods are of importance for the construction of complex chiral cyclic frameworks and the design of new pharmaceutical compounds. We believe that compounds based on nitro-containing cyclic skeletons have the potential to provide novel therapeutic agents and useful biological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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20
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Vaishanv NK, Gupta AK, Kant R, Mohanan K. Fluoride-Mediated α-Selective 1,6-Conjugate Addition of Allenic Esters to p-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8759-8767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashis Kumar Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | | | - Kishor Mohanan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
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21
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Deep Eutectic Mixtures as Reaction Media for the Enantioselective Organocatalyzed α-Amination of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8050217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Odagi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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23
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Modeling of N-(1-Ethoxyvinyl)pyridinium Triflates, an Unusual Class of Pyridinium Salts. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020413. [PMID: 29443883 PMCID: PMC6017145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Substituted pyridinium salts constitute one of the most valuable reagent classes in organic synthesis, due to their versatility and ease of use. Herein we report a preliminary synthesis and detailed structural analysis of several N-(1-ethoxyvinyl)pyridinium triflates, an unusual class of pyridinium salts with potentially broad use as a reagent in organic synthesis. Treatment of pyridines with trifluoromethane sulfonic acid and ethoxyacetylene generates stable, isolable adducts which have been extensively characterized, due to their novelty. Three-dimensional structural stability is perpetuated by an array of C–H•••O hydrogen bonds involving oxygen atoms from the –SO3 groups of the triflate anion, and hydrogen atoms from the aromatic ring and vinyl group of the pyridinium cation. Predictions from density functional theory calculations of the energy landscape for rotation about the exocyclic C–N bond of 2-chloro-1-(1-ethoxyvinyl)pyridine-1-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate (7) and 1-(1-ethoxyvinyl)pyridine-1-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate (16) are also reported. Notably, the predicted global energy minimum of 7 was nearly identical to that found within the crystal structure.
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24
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Kalaitzakis D, Sofiadis M, Triantafyllakis M, Daskalakis K, Vassilikogiannakis G. Asymmetric and Site-Selective [3 + 2]-Annulations for the Synthesis of High-Value Bicyclic Lactams. Org Lett 2018; 20:1146-1149. [PMID: 29417818 PMCID: PMC5822218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Asymmetric
and site-selective formal [3 + 2]-annulations of γ-alkyl-β,γ-unsaturated
γ-lactams with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes have been
developed. These organocatalysed transformations yield high value
enantioenriched bicyclic γ-lactams with up to four new stereocenters
(sometimes including a quarternary carbon). The overall transformation
starts from simple and readily accessible furans and oversees a rapid,
controlled, and dramatic enhancement in 3D complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kalaitzakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete , Vasilika Vouton, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Sofiadis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete , Vasilika Vouton, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Myron Triantafyllakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete , Vasilika Vouton, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Daskalakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete , Vasilika Vouton, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece
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25
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Jovanovic P, Petkovic M, Simic M, Ivkovic B, Savic V. A novel thiourea type organocatalyst possessing a single NH functionality. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:6712-9. [PMID: 27314255 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00387g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel thiourea organocatalyst was rationally designed by altering a typical H-bonding pattern of thiourea derivatives and utilising the potential of the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl motif to participate in the H-bond formation. This unique catalyst afforded the products of the α-amination and Michael reaction in excellent yields and with a high level of stereoselectivity. Although additional studies are necessary to establish the full potential of the catalyst and to broaden its application further, the presented results may indicate alternative routes for further exploration of the thiourea class of organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Jovanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milos Petkovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Simic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branka Ivkovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Savic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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26
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Li J, Wang SS, Xia PJ, Zhao QL, Xiao JA, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Unusual Ligand-to-Metal-Ratio-Controlled Bidirectional Enantioselectivity in Pd-Catalysed [3+3]-Annulation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Acetate. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 410083 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 410083 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 410083 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Qing-Lan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 410083 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Guangxi Teachers Education University; 530001 Nanning P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 410083 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 410083 Changsha P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; 410083 Changsha P. R. China
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27
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Merad J, Lalli C, Bernadat G, Maury J, Masson G. Enantioselective Brønsted Acid Catalysis as a Tool for the Synthesis of Natural Products and Pharmaceuticals. Chemistry 2017; 24:3925-3943. [PMID: 28981209 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of biologically active molecules (whether at laboratory or industrial scale) remains a highly appealing area of modern organic chemistry. Nowadays, the need to access original bioactive scaffolds goes together with the desire to improve synthetic efficiency, while reducing the environmental footprint of chemical activities. Long neglected in the field of total synthesis, enantioselective organocatalysis has recently emerged as an environmentally friendly and indispensable tool for the construction of relevant bioactive molecules. Notably, enantioselective Brønsted acid catalysis has offered new opportunities in terms of both retrosynthetic disconnections and controlling stereoselectivity. The present report attempts to provide an overview of enantioselective total or formal syntheses designed around Brønsted acid-catalyzed transformations. To demonstrate the versatility of the reactions promoted and the diversity of the accessible motifs, this Minireview draws a systematic parallel between methods and retrosynthetic analysis. The manuscript is organized according to the main reaction types and the nature of newly-formed bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Merad
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Claudia Lalli
- Universite de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226, Institut des Sciences, Chimiques de Rennes, 2 avenue du Prof Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Bernadat
- Laboratoire Biocis/ UMR-8076, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Julien Maury
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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28
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Merad J, Borkar P, Caijo F, Pons JM, Parrain JL, Chuzel O, Bressy C. Double Catalytic Kinetic Resolution (DoCKR) of Acyclic anti
-1,3-Diols: The Additive Horeau Amplification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16052-16056. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Merad
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Prashant Borkar
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Frédéric Caijo
- DemetaSAS; 6 rue Pierre Joseph Colin, Biopole 35500 Rennes France
| | - Jean-Marc Pons
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Olivier Chuzel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
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29
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Merad J, Borkar P, Caijo F, Pons JM, Parrain JL, Chuzel O, Bressy C. Double Catalytic Kinetic Resolution (DoCKR) of Acyclic anti
-1,3-Diols: The Additive Horeau Amplification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Merad
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Prashant Borkar
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Frédéric Caijo
- DemetaSAS; 6 rue Pierre Joseph Colin, Biopole 35500 Rennes France
| | - Jean-Marc Pons
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Olivier Chuzel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
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30
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Sivamuthuraman K, Kumarswamyreddy N, Kesavan V. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,2-Disubstituted Benzofuran-3-one Bearing Adjacent Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10812-10822. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koilpitchai Sivamuthuraman
- Chemical Biology Laboratory,
Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Nandarapu Kumarswamyreddy
- Chemical Biology Laboratory,
Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Venkitasamy Kesavan
- Chemical Biology Laboratory,
Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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31
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Kutwal MS, Appayee C. Highly Regio- and Enantioselective γ-Alkylation of Linear α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh S. Kutwal
- Discipline of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar; 382355 Palaj, Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Chandrakumar Appayee
- Discipline of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar; 382355 Palaj, Gandhinagar Gujarat India
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32
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Xie C, Luo J, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Hong R. A Chiral Pentenolide-Based Unified Strategy toward Dihydrocorynantheal, Dihydrocorynantheol, Protoemetine, Protoemetinol, and Yohimbane. Org Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Xie
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jisheng Luo
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ran Hong
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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33
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Cortes-Clerget M, Jover J, Dussart J, Kolodziej E, Monteil M, Migianu-Griffoni E, Gager O, Deschamp J, Lecouvey M. Bifunctional Tripeptide with a Phosphonic Acid as a Brønsted Acid for Michael Addition: Mechanistic Insights. Chemistry 2017; 23:6654-6662. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margery Cortes-Clerget
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Jesús Jover
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Avgda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Secció de Química Inorgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jade Dussart
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Emilie Kolodziej
- Université Paris Sud, ICMMO, UMR 8182; 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Maelle Monteil
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Evelyne Migianu-Griffoni
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Olivier Gager
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Julia Deschamp
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Marc Lecouvey
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
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34
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Liu JY, Zhao J, Zhang JL, Xu PF. Quaternary Carbon Center Forming Formal [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Reaction via Bifunctional Catalysis: Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirocyclohexene Pyrazolones. Org Lett 2017; 19:1846-1849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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35
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Song J, Chen DF, Gong LZ. Recent progress in organocatalytic asymmetric total syntheses of complex indole alkaloids. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Indole and its structural analogues have been frequently found in numerous alkaloids, pharmaceutical products and related materials. The enantioselective construction of these structures allows efficient total synthesis of optically pure indole alkaloids, and hence has received worldwide interest. In the past decade, asymmetric organocatalysis has been recognized as one of the most powerful strategies to create chiral molecules with high levels of stereoselectivity. In particular, organocatalytic asymmetric cascade reactions often occur with multiple bond-breaking and forming events simultaneously or sequentially, leading to the appearance of various straightforward approaches to access core structures for asymmetric total synthesis. This review will summarize recent applications of asymmetric organocatalysis in the enantioselective synthesis of indole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dian-Feng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
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36
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Hui C, Pu F, Xu J. Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition in Natural Product Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 23:4023-4036. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Fan Pu
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088 Xueyuan Ave., Nanshan District Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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37
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Matviitsuk A, Taylor JE, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Enantioselective Stereodivergent Nucleophile-Dependent Isothiourea-Catalysed Domino Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:17748-17757. [PMID: 27727506 PMCID: PMC5132085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated acyl ammoniums generated from the reaction of α,β-unsaturated 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) esters bearing a pendent enone with an isothiourea organocatalyst are versatile intermediates in a range of enantioselective nucleophile-dependent domino processes to form complex products of diverse topology with excellent stereoselectivity. Use of either 1,3-dicarbonyls, acyl benzothiazoles, or acyl benzimidazoles as nucleophiles allows three distinct, diastereodivergent domino reaction pathways to be accessed to form various fused polycyclic cores containing multiple contiguous stereocentres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Matviitsuk
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St. Andrews, North HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St. Andrews, North HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St. Andrews, North HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St. Andrews, North HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St. Andrews, North HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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38
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Vellalath S, Romo D. Asymmetric Organocatalysis: The Emerging Utility of α,β-Unsaturated Acylammonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13934-13943. [PMID: 27650693 PMCID: PMC5523468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although acylammonium salts are well-studied, chiral α,β-unsaturated acylammonium salts have received much less attention. While these intermediates are convenient synthons, which are readily available from several commodity unsaturated acids and acid chlorides, and possess three reactive sites, their application in organic synthesis has been limited because of the lack of appropriate chiral Lewis bases for their generation. In recent years, the utility of chiral, unsaturated acylammonium salts has expanded considerably, thus demonstrating the unique reactivity of this intermediate leading to the development of a diverse array of catalytic, asymmetric transformations including organocascade processes. This Minireview highlights the recent and growing interest in these intermediates which might spark further research into their untapped potential for asymmetric organocascade catalysis. A cursory comparison is made to related unsaturated iminium and acylazolium intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Vellalath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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Abbasov ME, Hudson BM, Tantillo DJ, Romo D. Stereodivergent, Diels-Alder-initiated organocascades employing α,β-unsaturated acylammonium salts: scope, mechanism, and application. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1511-1524. [PMID: 28616147 PMCID: PMC5460596 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral α,β-unsaturated acylammonium salts are novel dienophiles enabling enantioselective Diels–Alder-lactonization (DAL) organocascades leading to cis- and trans-fused, bicyclic γ- and δ-lactones.
Chiral α,β-unsaturated acylammonium salts are novel dienophiles enabling enantioselective Diels–Alder-lactonization (DAL) organocascades leading to cis- and trans-fused, bicyclic γ- and δ-lactones from readily prepared dienes, commodity acid chlorides, and a chiral isothiourea organocatalyst under mild conditions. We describe extensions of stereodivergent DAL organocascades to other racemic dienes bearing pendant secondary and tertiary alcohols, and application to a formal synthesis of (+)-dihydrocompactin is described. A combined experimental and computational investigation of unsaturated acylammonium salt formation and the entire DAL organocascade pathway provide a rationalization of the effect of Brønsted base additives and enabled a controllable, diastereodivergent DAL process leading to a full complement of possible stereoisomeric products. Evaluation of free energy and enthalpy barriers in conjunction with experimentally observed temperature effects revealed that the DAL is a rare case of an entropy-controlled diastereoselective process. NMR analysis of diene alcohol–Brønsted base interactions and computational studies provide a plausible explanation of observed stabilization of exo transition-state structures through hydrogen-bonding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikail E Abbasov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798 , USA
| | - Brandi M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , USA .
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , USA .
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798 , USA
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Vellalath S, Romo D. Asymmetrische Organokatalyse: α,β‐ungesättigte Acylammoniumsalze erweisen sich als immer nützlicher. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Vellalath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Baylor University Waco TX 76798 USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Baylor University Waco TX 76798 USA
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Parra C, Bosch C, Gómez-Bengoa E, Bonjoch J, Bradshaw B. Asymmetric Synthesis of Octahydroindoles via a Domino Robinson Annulation/5-Endo Intramolecular Aza-Michael Reaction. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10172-10179. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Parra
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Bosch
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Shyshkanov SA, Orlov NV. Design of Selenium-Based Chiral Chemical Probes for Simultaneous Enantio- and Chemosensing of Chiral Carboxylic Acids with Remote Stereogenic Centers by NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2016; 22:15458-15467. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Shyshkanov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Prospekt, 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Nikolai V. Orlov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Prospekt, 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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Ananikov VP, Galkin KI, Egorov MP, Sakharov AM, Zlotin SG, Redina EA, Isaeva VI, Kustov LM, Gening ML, Nifantiev NE. Challenges in the development of organic and hybrid molecular systems. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Richter C, Krumrey M, Bahri M, Trunschke S, Mahrwald R. Amine-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Unprotected Aldoses—An Operationally Simple Access to Defined Configured Stereotetrads or Stereopentads. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Celin Richter
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor
Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Krumrey
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor
Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marwa Bahri
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor
Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Trunschke
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor
Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Mahrwald
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor
Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Georgieva MK, Duarte FJS, Santos AG. Directed electrostatic activation in enantioselective organocatalytic cyclopropanation reactions: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5965-82. [PMID: 27223461 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropane rings are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. Their synthesis, by the reaction of sulfur ylides with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, has recently aroused renewed interest after the discovery of efficient catalysis by using (S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid. In order to rationalize the behavior of this catalyst, MacMillan proposed a directed electrostatic activation (DEA) mechanism, in which the negative carboxylate group interacts with the positive thionium moiety, thus reducing the activation energy and increasing the reaction rate. More recently, Mayr refuted some of MacMillan conclusions, but accepted the DEA mechanism as a justification for the experimental high reaction rates. In contrast, our results indicate that the selectivity obtained in the process seems to result from several strong hydrogen bond interactions between the two reacting species, while no strong evidence for a DEA mechanism was found. We also concluded that the hydrogen bonds don't improve the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy of the rate-determining step, but can do it by promoting efficient reaction trajectories due to long-range complexation of the reagents. Finally, our results confirm that the cyclopropanation reaction occurs by a two-step mechanism, and that the overall enantioselectivity depends on the relative energies of the two steps, averaged by the relative populations of the iminium intermediates that are initially formed in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena K Georgieva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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The impact of asymmetric organocatalysis in dearomatization and aromatization of carbocycles: increasing molecular complexity and diversity. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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47
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Hammer N, Leth LA, Stiller J, Jensen ME, Jørgensen KA. Oxadendralenes in asymmetric organocatalysis for the construction of tetrahydroisochromenes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3649-3657. [PMID: 29997856 PMCID: PMC6008721 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00185h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxadendralenes are integrated in a novel manner into a one-pot cascade utilizing synergistic catalysis for the construction of valuable and complex bicyclic heterocyclic scaffolds. The construction is based on the organocatalytic activation of the oxadendralenes generating a vinylogous iminium-ion intermediate which is set-up for a 1,6-addition with an enamine formed from an aldehyde and the same organocatalyst. This reaction generates a cyclic oxadendralenic intermediate, which acts as an electron-deficient heterodiene reacting in a Lewis-acid catalyzed hetero-Diels-Alder reaction with vinyl ethers to form tetrahydroisochromenes with five continuous stereocenters in high yields, >20 : 1 dr and 99% ee. This synergistic organo- and Lewis-acid catalysed system also displays high tolerance for variation in oxadendralenes and aldehydes, which provides tetrahydroisochromenes with high diversity in the substituent pattern and the same excellent stereoselectivities. Mechanistic studies have been performed to account for the activation modes and stereochemical outcome of the reaction. The reaction concept has been extended to also include a sequential organocatalytic reaction of oxadendralenes with aldehydes, in which the enamine formed from the aldehyde and the organocatalyst act both in the first catalytic cycle forming the cyclic oxadendralenic intermediate and in a second catalytic cycle leading to tetrahydroisochromenes in good yields and excellent stereoselectivities. Mechanistic studies reveal that the stereochemistry of the organocatalyst has an influence on the diastereoselectivity of the reaction sequence. Some transformations of the tetrahydroisochromenes are also presented. The chiral tetrahydroisochromenes formed might be applied in the diversified synthesis of important drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hammer
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
| | - Lars A Leth
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
| | - Julian Stiller
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
| | - Magnus E Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
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Han X, Ni H, Chan WL, Gai X, Wang Y, Lu Y. Highly enantioselective synthesis of dihydrocoumarin-fused dihydropyrans via the phosphine-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of allenones with 3-aroylcoumarins. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5059-64. [PMID: 27173844 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00955g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation between 3-aroylcoumarins and allenones has been developed. In the presence of a dipeptide phosphine catalyst 7, dihydrocoumarin-fused dihydropyrans were prepared in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering/School of Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
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Hayashi Y, Mukaiyama T, Benohoud M, Gupta NR, Ono T, Toda S. (16) O/(18) O Exchange of Aldehydes and Ketones caused by H2 (18) O in the Mechanistic Investigation of Organocatalyzed Michael, Mannich, and Aldol Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:5868-72. [PMID: 26841358 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalyzed Michael, Mannich, and aldol reactions of aldehydes or ketones, as nucleophiles, have triggered several discussions regarding their reaction mechanism. H2 (18) O has been utilized to determine if the reaction proceeds through an enamine or enol mechanism by monitoring the ratio of (18) O incorporated into the final product. In this communication, we describe the risk of H2 (18) O as an evaluation tool for this mechanistic investigation. We have demonstrated that exchange of (16) O/(18) O occurs in the aldehyde or ketone starting material, caused by the presence of H2 (18) O and amine catalysts, before the Michael, Mannich, and aldol reactions proceed. Because the newly generated (18) O starting aldehydes or ketones and (16) O water affect the incorporation ratio of (18) O in the final product, the use of H2 (18) O would not be appropriate to distinguish the mechanism of these organocatalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan. .,Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Takasuke Mukaiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Meryem Benohoud
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Nishant R Gupta
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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50
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Han X, Chan WL, Yao W, Wang Y, Lu Y. Phosphine-mediated Highly Enantioselective Spirocyclization with Ketimines as Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering/School of Light Industry; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; No. 318 Liuhe Road Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore (NUS); 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Weijun Yao
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore (NUS); 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Yongjiang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical & Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering/School of Light Industry; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; No. 318 Liuhe Road Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore (NUS); 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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