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Hussein AA, Jafar NNA, Ma Y. Elucidating the Mechanism of Tetrahydrofuran-Diol Formation through Os(VI)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 5,6-Dihydroxyalkenes Ligated by Citric Acid. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6892-6902. [PMID: 38701335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A computational study is reported here on the mechanism of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-diol formation from the Os(VI)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 5,6-dihydroxyalkene ligated with citric acid and in the presence of Bro̷nsted acid. Initiated by Os(VI) dioxo citrate formation, coordination of co-oxidant pyridine-N-oxide (PNO) and protonation of its oxo group generate the active catalyst. The catalytic cycle commences through successive steps, including dihydroxyalkene addition to the active catalyst in a concerted mechanism to form hexacoordinated alkoxy-protonated PNO-complexed Os(VI) bisglycolate as a turnover-limiting step (TLS), cyclization to Os(IV) THF-diolate, reoxidation to Os(VI) THF-diolate, and hydrolysis via a dissociative mechanism to furnish the THF-diol and regenerate the active species, sustaining the catalytic cycle through an Os(VI)/Os(IV) cycle. Despite the overall exergonic nature of catalytic cycle (ΔGrcycle = -45.0 kcal/mol), the TLS is accelerated by the formation of an open-valence 16-electron Os(VI) intermediate but decelerated by the undesired formation of a saturated/hexacoordinate 18-electron Os(VI) intermediate. Bro̷nsted acid plays crucial roles in the formation of Os(VI) citrate and the active catalyst, impediment of the second cycle, and the cyclization step. Additionally, besides its role as a co-oxidant, and in the presence of acid, PNO is found to assist the insertion of dihydroxyalkene and, importantly, in releasing the THF-diol to regenerate the active intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Babylon 51013, Iraq
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Nadhir N A Jafar
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Yumiao Ma
- BSJ Institute, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Orienda Instrument Co. Ltd., Beijing 102200, People's Republic of China
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Kong L, Ti W, Lin A, Yao H, Huang Y, Li X. Palladium-Catalyzed Defluorinative Alkylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes with Cyclopropanols: Stereoselective Synthesis of γ-Fluorinated γ,δ-Unsaturated Ketones. Org Lett 2024; 26:3591-3596. [PMID: 38661127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed defluorinative alkylation of gem-difluoroalkenes with cyclopropyl alcohols was developed. A range of γ-fluorinated γ,δ-unsaturated ketones were constructed in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities. In addition, by base-mediated intramolecular nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV), the products could be further transformed to 2,5-dimethylenetetrahydrofurans and analogues with excellent stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Kong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wenqing Ti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hequan Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211098, China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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The Tetrahydrofuran Motif in Marine Lipids and Terpenes. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100642. [PMID: 36286465 PMCID: PMC9605582 DOI: 10.3390/md20100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocycles are particularly common moieties within marine natural products. Specifically, tetrahydrofuranyl rings are present in a variety of compounds which present complex structures and interesting biological activities. Focusing on terpenoids, a high number of tetrahydrofuran-containing metabolites have been isolated during the last decades. They show promising biological activities, making them potential leads for novel antibiotics, antikinetoplastid drugs, amoebicidal substances, or anticancer drugs. Thus, they have attracted the attention of the synthetics community and numerous approaches to their total syntheses have appeared. Here, we offer the reader an overview of marine-derived terpenoids and related compounds, their isolation, structure determination, and a special focus on their total syntheses and biological profiles.
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Hussein AA. Ru-catalysed oxidative cyclisation of 1,5-dienes: an unprecedented role for the co-oxidant. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15228-15238. [PMID: 35495449 PMCID: PMC9052297 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ru-mediated oxidative cyclisation of 1,5-dienes to furnish 2,5-dihydroxyalkyl-substituted tetrahydrofuran-diols (THF-diols) represents a practical approach for the synthesis of many bioactive natural products. In the current study, we reported profound findings obtained by density functional theory (DFT) simulations, and they were consistent with the experimental conditions. The results set out a catalytic cycle within intermediacy of NaIO4-complexed Ru(vi) species. Importantly, the co-oxidant played a critical role in the cyclisation step and subsequently the release of THF-diols. Following the formation of Ru(vi) glycolate, cyclisation and THF-diol release proceeded through NaIO4-coordinated Ru(vi) intermediates, outpacing the Ru(viii) glycolate or THF-diolate intermediates and subsequently entering “second cycle” type pathways. The results indicated a cycle involving Ru(viii)/Ru(vi)/Ru(iv)/Ru(vi) rather than Ru(viii)/Ru(vi)/Ru(viii)/Ru(vi)/Ru(viii). Additionally, the existence of an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) on one of the double bonds of 1,5-dienes revealed that the regioselectivity of the Ru-catalysed oxidative cyclisation was predominantly initiated at the electron-rich alkene. Overall, this study offers new insights, which were ignored by earlier experimentalists and theoreticians, into the Ru-catalysed functionalizations of alkenes and 1,5-dienes. The Ru-mediated oxidative cyclisation of 1,5-dienes to THF-diols proceeds with the intermediacy of NaIO4-complexed Ru(vi) species and offers new insights into the Ru-catalysed functionalizations of alkenes and 1,5-dienes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Southampton Hampshire SO17 1BJ UK .,College of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed PO Box 198 Karbala Iraq
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Hussein AA, Phipps MJS, Skylaris CK, Brown RCD. Mechanism of Os-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 1,5-Dienes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15173-15183. [PMID: 31664829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative cyclization of 1,5-dienes by metal-oxo species is a powerful method for stereocontrolled synthesis of tetrahydrofuran diols (THF-diols), structural motifs present in many bioactive natural products. Oxidative cyclization of (2E,6E)-octa-2,6-diene catalyzed by OsO4/NMO has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations (M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ/Hay-Wadt VDZ (n+1) ECP), highlighting the remarkable effect of acid on the fate of the first intermediate, an Os(VI) dioxoglycolate. A strong acid promotes cyclization of the Os(VI) dioxoglycolate, or its NMO complex, through protonation of an oxo ligand to give more electrophilic species. By contrast, in the absence of acid, reoxidation may occur to afford the Os(VIII) trioxoglycolate, which is shown to favor conventional "second cycle" dihydroxylation reactivity rather than cyclization. The results of the calculations are consistent with experimental results for reactions of OsO4/NMO with 1,5-dienes with acid (oxidative cyclization) and without acid (second cycle osmylation/dihydroxylation). Detailed evaluation of potential catalytic cycles supports oxidation of the cyclized Os(IV) THF-diolate intermediate to the corresponding Os(VI) species followed by slow hydrolysis and, finally, regeneration of OsO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , Hampshire SO17 1BJ , U.K.,Faculty of Dentistry , University of Al-Ameed , Karbala , P.O. Box No. 198, Iraq
| | - Maximillian J S Phipps
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , Hampshire SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | - Chris-Kriton Skylaris
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , Hampshire SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | - Richard C D Brown
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , Hampshire SO17 1BJ , U.K
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A protecting-group-free synthesis of arbusculone, andirolactone, pinnatolide, ipomolactone, cyclocapitelline and isocyclocapitelline. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Davison EK, Sperry J. Natural Products with Heteroatom-Rich Ring Systems. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3060-3079. [PMID: 29135244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on all known natural products that contain a "heteroatom-rich" ring system, specifically a five-, six- or seven-membered ring that contains three or more heteroatoms. The isolation and biological activity of these natural products is discussed, along with the biosynthetic processes that Nature employs to assemble these rare heterocyclic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Davison
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Murata Y, Uenishi J. Base- and acid-catalyzed intramolecular oxy-Michael reaction for the synthesis of tetrahydrofuran ring. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhang C, Xu M, Ren J, Wang Z. Sc(OTf)3-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Alkynylcyclopropane Ketones with Electron-Rich Aromatic Aldehydes To Yield 2,5-trans-Tetrahydrofurans. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yin Z, Liu Z, Huang Z, Chu Y, Chu Z, Hu J, Gao L, Song Z. Synthesis of Functionalized γ-Lactone via Sakurai exo-Cyclization/Rearrangement of 3,3-Bis(silyl) Enol Ester with a Tethered Acetal. Org Lett 2015; 17:1553-6. [PMID: 25730288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zengjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Chu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West
China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Sheikh NS. Stereoselective synthesis of trans-THF rings using an oxidative cyclisation-radical deoxygenation sequence: application to the formal synthesis of trans-(2R,5R)-linalool oxide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13258k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Permanganate-mediated oxidative cyclisation-Barton–McCombie radical deoxygenation sequence is applied to 1,5-dienes to achieve stereoselective synthesis of trans-2,5-disubstituted THF rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Faisal University
- Al-Ahsa 31982
- Saudi Arabia
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12
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Sheikh NS. Comparative perspective and synthetic applications of transition metal mediated oxidative cyclisation of 1,5-dienes towards cis-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9492-504. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01491j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis ofcis-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran rings from 1,5-diene precursors using metal-oxo species along with their mechanistic proposals and synthetic applications is concisely reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Faisal University
- Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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