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Huang K, Li Q, Xue Y, Wang Q, Chen Z, Gu Z. Application of colloidal photonic crystals in study of organoids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115075. [PMID: 37625595 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
As alternative disease models, other than 2D cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, organoids have preferable in vivo physiological relevance. However, both endogenous and exogenous limitations impede the development and clinical translation of these organoids. Fortunately, colloidal photonic crystals (PCs), which benefit from favorable biocompatibility, brilliant optical manipulation, and facile chemical decoration, have been applied to the engineering of organoids and have achieved the desirable recapitulation of the ECM niche, well-defined geometrical onsets for initial culture, in situ multiphysiological parameter monitoring, single-cell biomechanical sensing, and high-throughput drug screening with versatile functional readouts. Herein, we review the latest progress in engineering organoids fabricated from colloidal PCs and provide inputs for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yufei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Chen Z, Xu D, Zhang D, Wang F, Zhao Y. Tailoring conductive inverse opal films with anisotropic elliptical porous patterns for nerve cell orientation. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:117. [PMID: 35264196 PMCID: PMC8905848 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nervous system is critical to the operation of various organs and systems, while novel methods with designable neural induction remain to exploit. Results Here, we present a conductive inverse opal film with anisotropic elliptical porous patterns for nerve orientation induction. The films are fabricated based on polystyrene (PS) inverse opal scaffolds with periodical elliptical porous structure and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) mixed polyacrylamide (PAAm) polymers fillers. It is demonstrated that the anisotropic elliptical surface topography allows the nerve cells to be induced into orientation connected with the stretching direction. Because of the anisotropic features of the film which can be stretched into different directions, nerve cells can be induced to grow in one or two directions, forming a neural network and promoting the connection of nerve cells. It is worth mentioning that the PEDOT:PSS-doped PAAm hydrogels endow the film with conductive properties, which makes the composite films be a suitable candidate for neurites growth and differentiation. Conclusions All these features of the conductive and anisotropic inverse opal films imply their great prospects in biomedical applications. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01340-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyou Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Dagan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Fengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. .,Department of Dermatology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Muramoto N, Matsuno T, Wada H, Kuroda K, Shimojima A. Preparation of an Ordered Nanoporous Silicone-based Material Using Silica Colloidal Crystals as a Hard Template. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naho Muramoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takamichi Matsuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
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Liao Y, Zhou Z, Dai S, Jiang L, Yang P, Zhao A, Lu L, Chen J, Huang N. Cell-friendly photo-functionalized TiO 2 nano-micro-honeycombs for selectively preventing bacteria and platelet adhesion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111996. [PMID: 33812616 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used biomaterial. It is a great challenge to confer antibacterial and antithrombotic properties to TiO2 while maintaining its cell affinity. Here, we developed a new strategy to achieve the above goal by comprehensively controlling the chemical cues and geometrical cues of the surface of TiO2. Using colloidal etching technology and UV irradiation treatment, we obtained the photofunctionalized nano-micro-honeycomb structured TiO2. The honeycomb structured increased the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, which endowed TiO2 with photo-induced superhydrophilicity to inhibit bacterial adhesion. The high photocatalytic activity also induced the strong photocatalytic oxidation of TiO2 surface organic adsorbates to suppress fibrinogen and platelet attachment. In addition, owing to the micropore trapping-isolation effect on the bacteria and the nano-frames' contact guidance effect on the growth and spreading of platelet pseudopods, the honeycomb structure also shows a considerable inhibiting effect on bacterial and platelet adhesion. Therefore, due to the controlled chemical and geometrical cues' synergistic effect, the photo-functionalized TiO2 honeycomb structure shows excellent bacterial-adhesion resistance and antithrombotic properties. More importantly, the photo-functionalized TiO2 honeycomb did not inhibit the adhesion and growth of endothelial cells (ECs) after culturing for 3 d, indicating a good cell affinity that the traditional antifouling surfaces do not possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Liao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Ansha Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Nan Huang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Xia L, Shang Y, Chen X, Li H, Xu X, Liu W, Yang G, Wang T, Gao X, Chai R. Oriented Neural Spheroid Formation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells Guided by Anisotropic Inverse Opals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:848. [PMID: 32850719 PMCID: PMC7411081 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isotropic inverse opal structures have been extensively studied for the ability to manipulate cell behaviors such as attachment, migration, and spheroid formation. However, their use in regulate the behaviors of neural stem cells has not been fully explored, besides, the isotropic inverse opal structures usually lack the ability to induce the oriented cell growth which is fundamental in neural regeneration based on neural stem cell therapy. In this paper, the anisotropic inverse opal substrates were obtained by mechanically stretching the poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) inverse opal films. The anisotropic inverse opal substrates possessed good biocompatibility, optical properties and anisotropy, provided well guidance for the formation of neural spheroids, the alignment of neural stem cells, the differentiation of neural stem cells, the oriented growth of derived neurons and the dendritic complexity of the newborn neurons. Thus, we conclude that the anisotropic inverse opal substrates possess great potential in neural regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Shang
- Department of Clinical Medical Engineering, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Hangzhou Rongze Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Medical Engineering, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Xiao Q, Zhang N, Ye Z, Huang N. Microtopography based on inverse opal structures regulates the behavior of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian‐Ru Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | - Zheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | - Ning‐Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Chai R, Gu Z. Designs of Biomaterials and Microenvironments for Neuroengineering. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:1021969. [PMID: 30627148 PMCID: PMC6304813 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1021969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical research on neuroengineering is primarily focused on biocompatible materials, which can be used to provide electroactive and topological cues, regulate the microenvironment, and perform other functions. Novel biomaterials for neuroengineering have been received much attention in the field of research, including graphene, photonic crystals, and organ-on-a-chip. Graphene, which has the advantage of high mechanical strength and chemical stability with the unique electrochemical performance for electrical signal detection and transmission, has significant potential as a conductive scaffolding in the field of medicine. Photonic crystal materials, known as a novel concept in nerve substrates, have provided a new avenue for neuroengineering research because of their unique ordered structure and spectral attributes. The "organ-on-a-chip" systems have shown significant prospects for the developments of the solutions to nerve regeneration by mimicking the microenvironment of nerve tissue. This paper presents a review of current progress in the designs of biomaterials and microenvironments and provides case studies in developing nerve system stents upon these biomaterials. In addition, we compose a conductive patterned compounded biomaterial, which could mimic neuronal microenvironment for neuroengineering by concentrating the advantage of such biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Lu W, Ji J, Ma G, Dai Q, Chen L, Zuo P, Zhao Y. Inverse opal substrate-loaded mesenchymal stem cells contribute to decreased myocardial remodeling after transplantation into acute myocardial infarction mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7033-7046. [PMID: 30464457 PMCID: PMC6220438 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s178270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The two-dimensional incubation method is now the most commonly method for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) production. however, gene expression and secretion of growth factors are relatively low; thus, the transplanted cells cannot be effectively utilized for potential clinical applications after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objectives We aimed to investigate whether our newly made substrates of inverse opal with specific surface microstructures for MSC culturing can increase the viability of the cells and can contributes to decreased myocardial remodeling after transplanted to AMI mice. Methods The inverse opal structure is fabricated by the convenient bottom-up approach of the self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles. Mouse-derived MSCs were then cultured on the substrates when expanded at different times to investigate the cell growth status including morphology. Then the inverse opal substrates loaded MSCs were transplanted to AMI mice, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and LV remodeling were further compared. To explore the possible mechanisms of curation, the secretions and viability of MSCs on substrates were determined using mice ELISA kits and JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay kits respectively at normal and hypoxic conditions. Results 6 times expanded inverse opals allowed greatly the orderly growth of MSCs as compared to four (34% ± 10.6%) and two (20%±7.2%) times expanded as well as unexpanded (13%±4.1%) (P<0.001). Nearly 90% of MSCs showed orientation angle intervals of less than 30° when at the 6X expanded (89.6%±25%) compared to the percent of cells with 30°-60° (8.7%±2.6%) or ≥60° (1.7%±1.0%) orientation angle (P<0.001). After inverse opal loaded MSCs transplanted to AMI mice, greatly decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes (20.45%±8.64% vs.39.63%±11.71%, P<0.001) and infarction area (5.87±2.18 mm2 vs 9.31±3.11 mm2, P<0.001) were identified. In the end, the viability of inverse opal loaded MSCs determined by membrane potential (P<0.001) and the secretion of growth factors including VEGF-α, SDF-1 and Ang-1 (P<0.001) were both confirmed significantly higher than that of the conventional culture in petri dish. Conclusion The structure of inverse opal can not only adjust the arrangement of MSCs but also contribute to its orientated growth. Inverse opal loaded MSCs transplantation extremely curbed myocardial remodeling, the underlying mechanisms might be the high viability and extremely higher secretions of growth factors of MSCs as devoted by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - JingJing Ji
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Qiming Dai
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Pengfei Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
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Elbaz A, Gao B, He Z, Gu Z. Hepatocyte Aggregate Formation on Chitin-Based Anisotropic Microstructures of Butterfly Wings. Biomimetics (Basel) 2018; 3:E2. [PMID: 31105224 PMCID: PMC6352657 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold nanotopography plays the most significant role in the mimicry of the in vivo microenvironment of the hepatocytes. Several attempts have been made to develop methods and substrates suited to growing hepatocytes into aggregates. Functional biomaterials, particularly biodegradable polymers, have been used in several studies aimed to develop improved scaffolds with ordered geometry and nanofibrous architecture for tissue engineering. However, there are still some limitation in their fabrication: it is not cost-efficient, is time-consuming, and exhibits some technological complications. The synthetic scaffolds are usually non-biodegradable and can be non-biocompatible compared to the naturally derived biomaterials. Here, we utilized a simple, cost-effective, and green method with two-step chemical treatment to get more selected hydrophilic butterfly wings from Morpho menelaus, Papilio ulysses telegonus, and Ornithoptera croesus lydius as a chitin-based natural scaffolds to growing hepatocyte aggregates. We established a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model for culture of HepG2 cells and aggregate formation that maintained the hepatocytes function on these natural anisotropic microstructures. Cells cultured on these substrates show higher viability than those cultured on a two-dimensional (2D) culture plate. Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results revealed excellent viability of HepG2 cells on P. u. telegonus wings (fibrous area). The results also demonstrated appropriate cell activity, cell retention, and stable and functional expression in terms of albumin secretion and urea synthesis activity compared to the 2D monolayer culture of hepatocytes on the culture dish surface. With a slightly different degree, the other substrates also shown similar results. We anticipate that these natural anisotropic, biodegradable, and biocompatible substrates can maintain long-term hepatic culture as an in vitro 3D model for potential therapeutic applications and regenerative tissue applications. The model presented here provides a feasible alternative to the synthetic scaffolds and is expected to be more reliable for 3D organotypic liver culture models based on such scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Elbaz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Bingbing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhenzhu He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Chen H, Lou R, Chen Y, Chen L, Lu J, Dong Q. Photonic crystal materials and their application in biomedicine. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:775-780. [PMID: 28475387 PMCID: PMC8241077 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1321059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Photonic crystal (PC) materials exhibit unique structural colors that originate from their intrinsic photonic band gap. Because of their highly ordered structure and distinct optical characteristics, PC-based biomaterials have advantages in the multiplex detection, biomolecular screening and real-time monitoring of biomolecules. In addition, PCs provide good platforms for drug loading and biomolecule modification, which could be applied to biosensors and biological carriers. A number of methods are now available to fabricate PC materials with variable structure colors, which could be applied in biomedicine. Emphasis is given to the description of various applications of PC materials in biomedicine, including drug delivery, biodetection and tumor screening. We believe that this article will promote greater communication among researchers in the fields of chemistry, material science, biology, medicine and pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanxiao Chen
- Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang 322100, China
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Zhang YS, Zhu C, Xia Y. Inverse Opal Scaffolds and Their Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:10.1002/adma.201701115. [PMID: 28649794 PMCID: PMC5581229 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional porous scaffolds play a pivotal role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by functioning as biomimetic substrates to manipulate cellular behaviors. While many techniques have been developed to fabricate porous scaffolds, most of them rely on stochastic processes that typically result in scaffolds with pores uncontrolled in terms of size, structure, and interconnectivity, greatly limiting their use in tissue regeneration. Inverse opal scaffolds, in contrast, possess uniform pores inheriting from the template comprised of a closely packed lattice of monodispersed microspheres. The key parameters of such scaffolds, including architecture, pore structure, porosity, and interconnectivity, can all be made uniform across the same sample and among different samples. In conjunction with a tight control over pore sizes, inverse opal scaffolds have found widespread use in biomedical applications. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion on this new class of advanced materials. After a brief introduction to their history and fabrication, we highlight the unique advantages of inverse opal scaffolds over their non-uniform counterparts. We then showcase their broad applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, followed by a summary and perspective on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Elbaz A, Lu J, Gao B, Zheng F, Mu Z, Zhao Y, Gu Z. Chitin-Based Anisotropic Nanostructures of Butterfly Wings for Regulating Cells Orientation. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E386. [PMID: 30965691 PMCID: PMC6418998 DOI: 10.3390/polym9090386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, multiple types of substrates have been applied for regulating cell orientation. Among them, surface topography patterns with grooves or ridges have been widely utilizing for cell culturing. However, this construction is still complicated, low cost-effective and exhibits some technological limitations with either "top-down" or "bottom-up" approaches. Here, a simple and green method was developed by utilizing butterfly wings (Morpho menelaus, Papilio ulysses telegonus and Ornithoptera croesus lydius) with natural anisotropic nanostructures to generate cell alignment. A two-step chemical treatment was proposed to achieve more hydrophilic butterfly wings preceding cell culturing. Furthermore, calcein acetoxymethyl ester (Calcein-AM) staining and Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results demonstrated the appropriate viability of NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells on those butterfly wings. Moreover, the cells displayed a high degree of alignment in each specimen of these wings. We anticipate that those originating from natural butterfly wings will pose important applications for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Elbaz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Bingbing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Fuyin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhongde Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China.
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16
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Successive growth and applications of polymeric particles with controllable size and shapes. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Electrodeposition of Ni-Al layered double hydroxide thin films having an inversed opal structure: Application as electrochromic coatings. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Sheikhi A, Hill RJ. Hydrogel-colloid interfacial interactions: a study of tailored adhesion using optical tweezers. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6575-6587. [PMID: 27425660 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00903d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of colloidal particles adhering to soft, deformable substrates, such as tissues, biofilms, and hydrogels play a key role in many biological and biomimetic processes. These processes, including, but not limited to colloid-based delivery, stitching, and sorting, involve microspheres exploring the vicinity of soft, sticky materials in which the colloidal dynamics are affected by the fluid environment (e.g., viscous coupling), inter-molecular interactions between the colloids and substrates (e.g., Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory), and the viscoelastic properties of contact region. To better understand colloidal dynamics at soft interfaces, an optical tweezers back-focal-plane interferometry apparatus was developed to register the transverse Brownian motion of a silica microsphere in the vicinity of polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogel films. The time-dependent mean-squared displacements are well described by a single exponential relaxation, furnishing measures of the transverse interfacial diffusion coefficient and binding stiffness. Substrates with different elasticities were prepared by changing the PA crosslinking density, and the inter-molecular interactions were adjusted by coating the microspheres with fluid membranes. Stiffer PA hydrogels (with bulk Young's moduli ≈1-10 kPa) immobilize the microspheres more firmly (lower diffusion coefficient and position variance), and coating the particles with zwitterionic lipid bilayers (DOPC) completely eliminates adhesion, possibly by repulsive dispersion forces. Remarkably, embedding polyethylene glycol-grafted lipid bilayers (DSPE-PEG2k-Amine) in the zwitterionic fluid membranes produces stronger adhesion, possibly because of polymer-hydrogel attraction and entanglement. This study provides new insights to guide the design of nanoparticles and substrates with tunable adhesion, leading to smarter delivery, sorting, and screening of micro- and nano-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada.
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19
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Zhao Z, Wang J, Lu J, Yu Y, Fu F, Wang H, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Gu Z. Tubular inverse opal scaffolds for biomimetic vessels. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13574-13580. [PMID: 27241065 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a clinical need for tissue-engineered blood vessels that can be used to replace or bypass damaged arteries. The success of such grafts depends strongly on their ability to mimic native arteries; however, currently available artificial vessels are restricted by their complex processing, controversial integrity, or uncontrollable cell location and orientation. Here, we present new tubular scaffolds with specific surface microstructures for structural vessel mimicry. The tubular scaffolds are fabricated by rotationally expanding three-dimensional tubular inverse opals that are replicated from colloidal crystal templates in capillaries. Because of the ordered porous structure of the inverse opals, the expanded tubular scaffolds are imparted with circumferentially oriented elliptical pattern microstructures on their surfaces. It is demonstrated that these tailored tubular scaffolds can effectively make endothelial cells to form an integrated hollow tubular structure on their inner surface and induce smooth muscle cells to form a circumferential orientation on their outer surface. These features of our tubular scaffolds make them highly promising for the construction of biomimetic blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
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20
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Zheng F, Fu F, Cheng Y, Wang C, Zhao Y, Gu Z. Organ-on-a-Chip Systems: Microengineering to Biomimic Living Systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2253-82. [PMID: 26901595 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
"Organ-on-a-chip" systems integrate microengineering, microfluidic technologies, and biomimetic principles to create key aspects of living organs faithfully, including critical microarchitecture, spatiotemporal cell-cell interactions, and extracellular microenvironments. This creative platform and its multiorgan integration recapitulating organ-level structures and functions can bring unprecedented benefits to a diversity of applications, such as developing human in vitro models for healthy or diseased organs, enabling the investigation of fundamental mechanisms in disease etiology and organogenesis, benefiting drug development in toxicity screening and target discovery, and potentially serving as replacements for animal testing. Recent advances in novel designs and examples for developing organ-on-a-chip platforms are reviewed. The potential for using this emerging technology in understanding human physiology including mechanical, chemical, and electrical signals with precise spatiotemporal controls are discussed. The current challenges and future directions that need to be pursued for these proof-of-concept studies are also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics,
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics,
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics,
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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22
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Zhang B, Cai Y, Shang L, Wang H, Cheng Y, Rong F, Gu Z, Zhao Y. A photonic crystal hydrogel suspension array for the capture of blood cells from whole blood. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3841-3847. [PMID: 26815946 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06368j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing hematological disorders based on the separation and detection of cells in the patient's blood is a significant challenge. We have developed a novel barcode particle-based suspension array that can simultaneously capture and detect multiple types of blood cells. The barcode particles are polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel inverse opal microcarriers with characteristic reflection peak codes that remain stable during cell capture on their surfaces. The hydrophilic PAAm hydrogel scaffolds of the barcode particles can entrap various plasma proteins to capture different cells in the blood, with little damage to captured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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23
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Choi GH, Rhee DK, Park AR, Oh MJ, Hong S, Richardson JJ, Guo J, Caruso F, Yoo PJ. Ag Nanoparticle/Polydopamine-Coated Inverse Opals as Highly Efficient Catalytic Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:3250-3257. [PMID: 26780371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric three-dimensional inverse-opal (IO) structures provide unique structural properties useful for various applications ranging from optics to separation technologies. Despite vast needs for IO functionalization to impart additional chemical properties, this task has been seriously challenged by the intrinsic limitation of polymeric porous materials that do not allow for the easy penetration of waterborne moieties or precursors. To overcome this restriction, we present a robust and straightforward method of employing a dipping-based surface modification with polydopamine (PDA) inside the IO structures, and demonstrate their application to catalytic membranes via synthetic incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. The PDA coating offers simultaneous advantages of achieving the improved hydrophilicity required for the facilitated infiltration of aqueous precursors and successful creation of nucleation sites for a reduction of growth of the Ag nanoparticles. The resulting Ag nanoparticle-incorporated IO structures are utilized as catalytic membranes for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to its amino derivatives in the presence of NaBH4. Synergistically combined characteristics of high reactivity of Ag nanoparticles along with a greatly enhanced internal surface area of IO structures enable the implementation of remarkably improved catalytic performance, exhibiting a good conversion efficiency greater than 99% while minimizing loss in the membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph J Richardson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, and Technology and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Junling Guo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, and Technology and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, and Technology and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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24
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Zhu F, Chen Y, Yang S, Wang Q, Liang F, Qu X, Hu Z. Surface patterned hydrogel film as a flexible scaffold for 2D and 3D cell co-culture. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11249h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesive magnetic silica nano-rods were aligned on glycol chitosan/benzaldehyde capped poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogel surface via dynamic interactions in magnetic field for 2D and 3D cell co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Saina Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Fuxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xiaozhong Qu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Zhongbo Hu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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25
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Lu J, Zou X, Zhao Z, Mu Z, Zhao Y, Gu Z. Cell orientation gradients on an inverse opal substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10091-10095. [PMID: 25942047 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The generation of cell gradients is critical for understanding many biological systems and realizing the unique functionality of many implanted biomaterials. However, most previous work can only control the gradient of cell density and this has no effect on the gradient of cell orientation, which has an important role in regulating the functions of many connecting tissues. Here, we report on a simple stretched inverse opal substrate for establishing desired cell orientation gradients. It was demonstrated that tendon fibroblasts on the stretched inverse opal gradient showed a corresponding alignment along with the elongation gradient of the substrate. This "random-to-aligned" cell gradient reproduces the insertion part of many connecting tissues, and thus, will have important applications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- †State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xin Zou
- †State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ze Zhao
- †State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhongde Mu
- †State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- †State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- ‡Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- †State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- ‡Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
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