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Gargiulo J, Herran M, Violi IL, Sousa-Castillo A, Martinez LP, Ezendam S, Barella M, Giesler H, Grzeschik R, Schlücker S, Maier SA, Stefani FD, Cortés E. Impact of bimetallic interface design on heat generation in plasmonic Au/Pd nanostructures studied by single-particle thermometry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3813. [PMID: 37369657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized surface plasmons are lossy and generate heat. However, accurate measurement of the temperature of metallic nanoparticles under illumination remains an open challenge, creating difficulties in the interpretation of results across plasmonic applications. Particularly, there is a quest for understanding the role of temperature in plasmon-assisted catalysis. Bimetallic nanoparticles combining plasmonic with catalytic metals are raising increasing interest in artificial photosynthesis and the production of solar fuels. Here, we perform single-particle thermometry measurements to investigate the link between morphology and light-to-heat conversion of colloidal Au/Pd nanoparticles with two different configurations: core-shell and core-satellite. It is observed that the inclusion of Pd as a shell strongly reduces the photothermal response in comparison to the bare cores, while the inclusion of Pd as satellites keeps photothermal properties almost unaffected. These results contribute to a better understanding of energy conversion processes in plasmon-assisted catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gargiulo
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany.
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Matias Herran
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Ianina L Violi
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Sousa-Castillo
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Luciana P Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Mariano Barella
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Helene Giesler
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Roland Grzeschik
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Fernando D Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, C1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany.
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2
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Zheng J, Cheng X, Zhang H, Bai X, Ai R, Shao L, Wang J. Gold Nanorods: The Most Versatile Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13342-13453. [PMID: 34569789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (NRs), pseudo-one-dimensional rod-shaped nanoparticles (NPs), have become one of the burgeoning materials in the recent years due to their anisotropic shape and adjustable plasmonic properties. With the continuous improvement in synthetic methods, a variety of materials have been attached around Au NRs to achieve unexpected or improved plasmonic properties and explore state-of-the-art technologies. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the latest progress on Au NRs, the most versatile anisotropic plasmonic NPs. We present a representative overview of the advances in the synthetic strategies and outline an extensive catalogue of Au-NR-based heterostructures with tailored architectures and special functionalities. The bottom-up assembly of Au NRs into preprogrammed metastructures is then discussed, as well as the design principles. We also provide a systematic elucidation of the different plasmonic properties associated with the Au-NR-based structures, followed by a discussion of the promising applications of Au NRs in various fields. We finally discuss the future research directions and challenges of Au NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xizhe Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruoqi Ai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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3
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Cai YY, Tauzin LJ, Ostovar B, Lee S, Link S. Light emission from plasmonic nanostructures. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:060901. [PMID: 34391373 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of light emission from metallic nanoparticles has been a subject of debate in recent years. Photoluminescence and electronic Raman scattering mechanisms have both been proposed to explain the observed emission from plasmonic nanostructures. Recent results from Stokes and anti-Stokes emission spectroscopy of single gold nanorods using continuous wave laser excitation carried out in our laboratory are summarized here. We show that varying excitation wavelength and power change the energy distribution of hot carriers and impact the emission spectral lineshape. We then examine the role of interband and intraband transitions in the emission lineshape by varying the particle size. We establish a relationship between the single particle emission quantum yield and its corresponding plasmonic resonance quality factor, which we also tune through nanorod crystallinity. Finally, based on anti-Stokes emission, we extract electron temperatures that further suggest a hot carrier based mechanism. The central role of hot carriers in our systematic study on gold nanorods as a model system supports a Purcell effect enhanced hot carrier photoluminescence mechanism. We end with a discussion on the impact of understanding the light emission mechanism on fields utilizing hot carrier distributions, such as photocatalysis and nanothermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Lawrence J Tauzin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Behnaz Ostovar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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4
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Abstract
Whereas heating nanoparticles with light is straightforward, measuring the resulting nanoscale temperature increase is intricate and still a matter of active research in plasmonics, with envisioned applications in nanochemistry, biomedicine, and solar light harvesting, among others. Interestingly, this research line mostly belongs to the optics community today because light is not only used for heating but also often for probing temperature. In this Perspective, I present and discuss recent advances in the search for efficient and reliable thermometry techniques for nanoplasmonic systems by the nano-optics community. I focus on the recently proposed approach based on the spectral measurement of anti-Stokes emission from the plasmonic nanoparticles themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
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5
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Barella M, Violi IL, Gargiulo J, Martinez LP, Goschin F, Guglielmotti V, Pallarola D, Schlücker S, Pilo-Pais M, Acuna GP, Maier SA, Cortés E, Stefani FD. In Situ Photothermal Response of Single Gold Nanoparticles through Hyperspectral Imaging Anti-Stokes Thermometry. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2458-2467. [PMID: 32941001 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Several fields of applications require a reliable characterization of the photothermal response and heat dissipation of nanoscopic systems, which remains a challenging task for both modeling and experimental measurements. Here, we present an implementation of anti-Stokes thermometry that enables the in situ photothermal characterization of individual nanoparticles (NPs) from a single hyperspectral photoluminescence confocal image. The method is label-free, potentially applicable to any NP with detectable anti-Stokes emission, and does not require any prior information about the NP itself or the surrounding media. With it, we first studied the photothermal response of spherical gold NPs of different sizes on glass substrates, immersed in water, and found that heat dissipation is mainly dominated by the water for NPs larger than 50 nm. Then, the role of the substrate was studied by comparing the photothermal response of 80 nm gold NPs on glass with sapphire and graphene, two materials with high thermal conductivity. For a given irradiance level, the NPs reach temperatures 18% lower on sapphire and 24% higher on graphene than on bare glass. The fact that the presence of a highly conductive material such as graphene leads to a poorer thermal dissipation demonstrates that interfacial thermal resistances play a very significant role in nanoscopic systems and emphasize the need for in situ experimental thermometry techniques. The developed method will allow addressing several open questions about the role of temperature in plasmon-assisted applications, especially ones where NPs of arbitrary shapes are present in complex matrixes and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Barella
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, 1425, CABA Argentina
| | - Ianina L Violi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, 1425, CABA Argentina
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, UNSAM-CONICET, Avenida 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, 1650, Argentina
| | - Julian Gargiulo
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Luciana P Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, 1425, CABA Argentina
| | - Florian Goschin
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Victoria Guglielmotti
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, UNSAM-CONICET, Avenida 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, 1650, Argentina
| | - Diego Pallarola
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, UNSAM-CONICET, Avenida 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, 1650, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Mauricio Pilo-Pais
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo P Acuna
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799, München, Germany
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Fernando D Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, 1425, CABA Argentina
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Int. Güiraldes 2620, 1428, CABA Argentina
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6
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Zhang W, Wen T, Ye L, Lin H, Gong Q, Lu G. Influence of non-equilibrium electron dynamics on photoluminescence of metallic nanostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:495204. [PMID: 32990264 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb1ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A microscopic model is still strongly needed to understand the intrinsic photoluminescence (iPL) of metallic nanostructures. In this paper, a phenomenological model concerning the electron dynamics at the excited states, including the electron-phonon (e-p) and electron-electron (e-e) interactions, is developed. This model shows that the dynamics of non-equilibrium electrons at the excited states influence the iPL features significantly. Two main aspects determine the iPL process of metallic nanostructures: the photonic density of states relating to the Purcell effect caused by the surface plasmon resonances, and the electrons transition factor. This model takes into account the contribution of the e-p and e-e interactions to the dynamic electron distribution. The decay process of the non-thermal electrons at the excited states helps understanding most of the iPL features of metallic nanostructures. The calculated and experimental results coincide well regarding the spectral shape, temperature-dependent anti-Stokes emission, and nonlinear behaviors, and time-resolved spectra. The results presented in this paper provide a concise, intuitive, and comprehensive understanding of the iPL of metallic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Te Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, People's Republic of China
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7
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Jollans T, Caldarola M, Sivan Y, Orrit M. Effective Electron Temperature Measurement Using Time-Resolved Anti-Stokes Photoluminescence. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6968-6976. [PMID: 32787000 PMCID: PMC7457233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Stokes photoluminescence of metal nanoparticles, in which emitted photons have a higher energy than the incident photons, is an indicator of the temperature prevalent within a nanoparticle. Previous work has shown how to extract the temperature from a gold nanoparticle under continuous-wave monochromatic illumination. We extend the technique to pulsed illumination and introduce pump-probe anti-Stokes spectroscopy. This new technique enables us not only to measure an effective electron temperature in a gold nanoparticle (∼103 K under our conditions), but also to measure ultrafast dynamics of a pulse-excited electron population, through its effect on the photoluminescence, with subpicosecond time resolution. We measure the heating and cooling, all within picoseconds, of the electrons and find that, with our subpicosecond pulses, the highest apparent temperature is reached 0.6 ps before the maximum change in magnitude of the extinction signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jollans
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martín Caldarola
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yonatan Sivan
- School
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Cui L, Zhu Y, Abbasi M, Ahmadivand A, Gerislioglu B, Nordlander P, Natelson D. Electrically Driven Hot-Carrier Generation and Above-Threshold Light Emission in Plasmonic Tunnel Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6067-6075. [PMID: 32568541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Above-threshold light emission from plasmonic tunnel junctions, when emitted photons have energies significantly higher than the energy scale of incident electrons, has attracted much recent interest in nano-optics, while the underlying physics remains elusive. We examine above-threshold light emission in electromigrated tunnel junctions. Our measurements over a large ensemble of devices demonstrate a giant (∼104) material-dependent photon yield (emitted photons per incident electrons). This dramatic effect cannot be explained only by the radiative field enhancement due to localized plasmons in the tunneling gap. Emission is well described by a Boltzmann spectrum with an effective temperature exceeding 2000 K, coupled to a plasmon-modified photonic density of states. The effective temperature is approximately linear in the applied bias, consistent with a suggested theoretical model describing hot-carrier dynamics driven by nonradiative decay of electrically excited localized plasmons. Electrically generated hot carriers and nontraditional light emission could open avenues for active photochemistry, optoelectronics, and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longji Cui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yunxuan Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mahdiyeh Abbasi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Arash Ahmadivand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Burak Gerislioglu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Douglas Natelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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9
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Kyeyune F, Botha JL, van Heerden B, Malý P, van Grondelle R, Diale M, Krüger TPJ. Strong plasmonic fluorescence enhancement of individual plant light-harvesting complexes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15139-15146. [PMID: 31372623 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic coupling of metallic nanoparticles and adjacent pigments can dramatically increase the brightness of the pigments due to the enhanced local electric field. Here, we demonstrate that the fluorescence brightness of a single plant light-harvesting complex (LHCII) can be significantly enhanced when coupled to a gold nanorod (AuNR). The AuNRs utilized in this study were prepared via chemical reactions, and the hybrid system was constructed using a simple and economical spin-assisted layer-by-layer technique. Enhancement of fluorescence brightness of up to 240-fold was observed, accompanied by a 109-fold decrease in the average (amplitude-weighted) fluorescence lifetime from approximately 3.5 ns down to 32 ps, corresponding to an excitation enhancement of 63-fold and emission enhancement of up to 3.8-fold. This large enhancement is due to the strong spectral overlap of the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance of the utilized AuNRs and the absorption or emission bands of LHCII. This study provides an inexpensive strategy to explore the fluorescence dynamics of weakly emitting photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes at the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Kyeyune
- Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa.
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10
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Cai YY, Sung E, Zhang R, Tauzin LJ, Liu JG, Ostovar B, Zhang Y, Chang WS, Nordlander P, Link S. Anti-Stokes Emission from Hot Carriers in Gold Nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1067-1073. [PMID: 30657694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The origin of light emission from plasmonic nanoparticles has been strongly debated lately. It is present as the background of surface-enhanced Raman scattering and, despite the low yield, has been used for novel sensing and imaging applications because of its photostability. Although the role of surface plasmons as an enhancing antenna is widely accepted, the main controversy regarding the mechanism of the emission is its assignment to either radiative recombination of hot carriers (photoluminescence) or electronic Raman scattering (inelastic light scattering). We have previously interpreted the Stokes-shifted emission from gold nanorods as the Purcell effect enhanced radiative recombination of hot carriers. Here we specifically focused on the anti-Stokes emission from single gold nanorods of varying aspect ratios with excitation wavelengths below and above the interband transition threshold while still employing continuous wave lasers. Analysis of the intensity ratios between Stokes and anti-Stokes emission yields temperatures that can only be interpreted as originating from the excited electron distribution and not a thermally equilibrated phonon population despite not using pulsed laser excitation. Consistent with this result as well as previous emission studies using ultrafast lasers, the power-dependence of the upconverted emission is nonlinear and gives the average number of participating photons as a function of emission wavelength. Our findings thus show that hot carriers and photoluminescence play a major role in the upconverted emission.
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11
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Cheng Y, Zhang W, Zhao J, Wen T, Hu A, Gong Q, Lu G. Understanding photoluminescence of metal nanostructures based on an oscillator model. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:315201. [PMID: 29757167 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac44f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Scattering and absorption properties of metal nanostructures have been well understood based on the classic oscillator theory. Here, we demonstrate that photoluminescence of metal nanostructures can also be explained based on a classic model. The model shows that inelastic radiation of an oscillator resembles its resonance band after external excitation, and is related to the photoluminescence from metallic nanostructures. The understanding based on the classic oscillator model is in agreement with that predicted by a quantum electromagnetic cavity model. Moreover, by correlating a two-temperature model and the electron distributions, we demonstrate that both one-photon and two-photon luminescence of the metal nanostructures undergo the same mechanism. Furthermore, the model explains most of the emission characteristics of the metallic nanostructures, such as quantum yield, spectral shape, excitation polarization and power dependence. The model based on an oscillator provides an intuitive description of the photoluminescence process and may enable rapid optimization and exploration of the plasmonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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12
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Light Emission from Plasmonic Nanostructures Enhanced with Fluorescent Nanodiamonds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3605. [PMID: 29483560 PMCID: PMC5826936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) process, it is well known that the plasmonic nanostructure can enhance the light emission of fluorescent emitters. With the help of atomic force microscopy, a hybrid system consisting of a fluorescent nanodiamond and a gold nanoparticle was assembled step-by-step for in situ optical measurements. We demonstrate that fluorescent emitters can also enhance the light emission from gold nanoparticles which is judged through the intrinsic anti-Stokes emission owing to the nanostructures. The light emission intensity, spectral shape, and lifetime of the hybrid system were dependent on the coupling configuration. The interaction between gold nanoparticles and fluorescent emitter was modelled based on the concept of a quantised optical cavity by considering the nanodiamond and the nanoparticle as a two-level energy system and a nanoresonator, respectively. The theoretical calculations reveal that the dielectric antenna effect can enhance the local field felt by the nanoparticle, which contributes more to the light emission enhancement of the nanoparticles rather than the plasmonic coupling effect. The findings reveal that the SEF is a mutually enhancing process. This suggests the hybrid system should be considered as an entity to analyse and optimise surface-enhanced spectroscopy.
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13
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Carattino A, Caldarola M, Orrit M. Gold Nanoparticles as Absolute Nanothermometers. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:874-880. [PMID: 29272135 PMCID: PMC5817619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanothermometry is a challenging field that can open the door to intriguing questions ranging from biology and medicine to material sciences. Gold nanorods are excellent candidates to act as nanoprobes because they are reasonably bright emitters upon excitation with a monochromatic source. Gold nanoparticles are commonly used in photothermal therapy as efficient transducers of electromagnetic radiation into heat. In this work we use the spectrum of the anti-Stokes emission from gold nanorods irradiated in resonance to measure the absolute temperature of the nanoparticles and their surrounding medium without the need for a previous calibration. We show a 4 K accuracy in the determination of the temperature of the medium with spectral measurements of 180 s integration time. This procedure can be easily implemented in any microscope capable of acquiring emission spectra, and it is not limited to any specific shape of nanoparticles.
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14
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Carattino A, Keizer VIP, Schaaf MJM, Orrit M. Background Suppression in Imaging Gold Nanorods through Detection of Anti-Stokes Emission. Biophys J 2016; 111:2492-2499. [PMID: 27926850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles have opened the possibility of imaging, tracking, and manipulating biological samples without time limitations. Their low photoluminescence quantum yield, however, makes them hard to detect under high background conditions. In this study we show that it is possible to image gold nanorods by detecting their anti-Stokes emission under resonant excitation. We show that even in the membrane of a cell containing the fluorescent dye Atto 647N, the signal/background of the anti-Stokes emission can be >10, while it is impossible to image the particles with the Stokes emission. The main advantage of this technique is that it does not require any major change in existing fluorescence imaging setups, only the addition of an appropriate short-pass filter in the detection path.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veer I P Keizer
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel J M Schaaf
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michel Orrit
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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15
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Localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanorods and assemblies in the view of biomedical analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Li J, Ma Q, Dong X, Li D, Xi X, Yu W, Wang J, Liu G. Novel electrospun bilayered composite fibrous membrane endowed with tunable and simultaneous quadrifunctionality of electricity–magnetism at one layer and upconversion luminescence–photocatalysis at the other layer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel [PANI/Fe3O4/PAN]/[Bi2WO6:Yb3+,Er3+/PAN] bilayered composite, fibrous membrane with tunable quadrifunctionality of electricity, magnetism, upconversion luminescence and photocatalysis has been successfully synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorui Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xiangting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Wensheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jinxian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
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17
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Huang D, Byers CP, Wang LY, Hoggard A, Hoener B, Dominguez-Medina S, Chen S, Chang WS, Landes CF, Link S. Photoluminescence of a Plasmonic Molecule. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7072-9. [PMID: 26165983 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent Au nanoparticles are appealing for biosensing and bioimaging applications because of their non-photobleaching and non-photoblinking emission. The mechanism of one-photon photoluminescence from plasmonic nanostructures is still heavily debated though. Here, we report on the one-photon photoluminescence of strongly coupled 50 nm Au nanosphere dimers, the simplest plasmonic molecule. We observe emission from coupled plasmonic modes as revealed by single-particle photoluminescence spectra in comparison to correlated dark-field scattering spectroscopy. The photoluminescence quantum yield of the dimers is found to be surprisingly similar to the constituent monomers, suggesting that the increased local electric field of the dimer plays a minor role, in contradiction to several proposed mechanisms. Aided by electromagnetic simulations of scattering and absorption spectra, we conclude that our data are instead consistent with a multistep mechanism that involves the emission due to radiative decay of surface plasmons generated from excited electron-hole pairs following interband absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Chad P Byers
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Lin-Yung Wang
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Anneli Hoggard
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ben Hoener
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sergio Dominguez-Medina
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sishan Chen
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Link
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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